This document provides an overview of the primary insect pests affecting western pecan production, including aphids, pecan nut casebearer, and pecan weevil. It describes the biology and life cycles of each pest as well as methods for monitoring and managing infestations. In particular, it outlines economic thresholds for treatment, integrated pest management considerations and available control options like insecticides. The goal is to help pecan growers in western regions make informed decisions about pest control based on regional differences in pest pressure, cultivars and orchard conditions.
This presentation was delivered at the Georgia Organics Annual Conference in Atlanta on February 23, 2013. Provides basic information on IPM approaches in sustainable vegetable production systems.
This presentation was delivered at the Georgia Organics Annual Conference in Atlanta on February 23, 2013. Provides basic information on IPM approaches in sustainable vegetable production systems.
Green Industry Continuing Education Series
November 18, 2015
12 noon - 2 p.m.
Instructors:
Darren Blackford, Entomologist, USDA-Forest Service
Gene Phillips, Forest Health Specialist, Nevada Division of Forestry
Farming for Beneficial Insects - Conservation on Native Pollinators, Predators & Parasitoids; Gardening Guidebook for South Carolina www.scribd.com/doc/239851313 ~ Xerces Society, For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/239851214 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/239851079 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/239851159 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/239851159 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/239851348 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/239850440 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/239850233 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools, Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/23985111 ~
This presentation provides an overview of trap crop research and demonstrations in tomato (mainly) and squash production system. This paper was presented at the International IPM Symposium, Baltimore, MD (March 20, 2018).
Life on earth is dependent on plants, which are a crucial component of all ecosystems. Not only they are the basis of world food, but also can provide us fuel, clothes and medicine and play a major role in atmosphere and water purification and prevention of soil erosion. Plants are part of our natural heritage and it is our responsibility to preserve and protect them for future generations.
It is estimated that up to 100,000 plants, representing more than one third of all the world's plant species, are currently threatened or face extinction in the wild. In Europe, particularly, biodiversity is seriously threatened. Biotechnological approaches offer several conservation possibilities which have the potential to support in situ protection strategies and provide complementary conservation options.
Green Industry Continuing Education Series
November 18, 2015
12 noon - 2 p.m.
Instructors:
Darren Blackford, Entomologist, USDA-Forest Service
Gene Phillips, Forest Health Specialist, Nevada Division of Forestry
Farming for Beneficial Insects - Conservation on Native Pollinators, Predators & Parasitoids; Gardening Guidebook for South Carolina www.scribd.com/doc/239851313 ~ Xerces Society, For more information, Please see Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children www.scribd.com/doc/239851214 - Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech www.scribd.com/doc/239851079 - Free School Gardening Art Posters www.scribd.com/doc/239851159 - Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/239851159 - Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success www.scribd.com/doc/239851348 - City Chickens for your Organic School Garden www.scribd.com/doc/239850440 - Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica www.scribd.com/doc/239850233 - Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools, Teacher Guide www.scribd.com/doc/23985111 ~
This presentation provides an overview of trap crop research and demonstrations in tomato (mainly) and squash production system. This paper was presented at the International IPM Symposium, Baltimore, MD (March 20, 2018).
Life on earth is dependent on plants, which are a crucial component of all ecosystems. Not only they are the basis of world food, but also can provide us fuel, clothes and medicine and play a major role in atmosphere and water purification and prevention of soil erosion. Plants are part of our natural heritage and it is our responsibility to preserve and protect them for future generations.
It is estimated that up to 100,000 plants, representing more than one third of all the world's plant species, are currently threatened or face extinction in the wild. In Europe, particularly, biodiversity is seriously threatened. Biotechnological approaches offer several conservation possibilities which have the potential to support in situ protection strategies and provide complementary conservation options.
TranSMART: How open source software revolutionizes drug discovery through cro...keesvb
Presentation about the use of open source software in pharmaceutical companies at Global Discovery & Development Innovation Summit (GDDIS) in Princeton, NY, fall 2013.
This presentation was developed for high tunnel crop producers who are regularly plagued by many chewing and sucking insect pests. This presentation ends with a brief discussion of organic insecticides and other pest management methods. For questions, call 251-331-8416 or contact the county Extension office in your state.
Dr. Curtis Young - Attracting And Protecting PollinatorsJohn Blue
Attracting And Protecting Pollinators - Dr. Curtis Young, OSU Extension, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Row Covers & Pest Control for Vegetable Gardens; Gardening Guidebook for Ohio ~ Master Gardeners of Ohio, Ohio State University ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Seeds begin to germinate as soils begin to warm up in early spring and continue to germinate throughout the growing season. Annual weeds complete their entire life cycle in a single growing season. However, some of these weeds can also be perennials or biennials.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
9. Pecan Aphid Biology
Overwinter in bark as eggs
IJ. Park
Spring-eggs hatch, stem-
mothers arise
Populations build and decrease
over the season, winged and non-
winged females produces
Fall-males produced and mate
with wingless (apterous) females
eggs produced
No alternate-host in the
area
10. Aphid Feeding
1. Aphid manipulates stylet
between cells to find sieve
elements
2. Remove products produced
by photosynthesis
3. May compete with other tree
“sinks” for these products
• Susan Dunford, University
of Cincinnati –Photo Credit
11. Black Pecan Aphid
1. Adults dark black, nymphs dark grey
2. Wings extend past abdomen
3. Approximately 15 day lifespan
4. Produce approximately 35 offspring
5. Populations tend to be “clumped”
6. Little “honeydew” produced
7. Feed both sides of leaflet
Louis Tedders
12. Black Pecan Aphid Damage
1. Interveinal necrosis/defoliation
- Reductions in photosynthesis
2. May reduce nut quality*
3. Possible reductions in fruiting
sites (following year)*
4. Historically considered economic
5. Damage is visible
13. Yellow Aphid Complex
1. Yellow Pecan Aphid
Present in western orchards,
low populations
1. Blackmargined Pecan Aphid
Dominate species throughout the season
Jerry A. Payne, USDA Agricultural
Research Service, Bugwood.org
Mike Quinn
14. Blackmargined Aphids
I.J. Park
Aphid Skins
Parasitized blackmargined aphid (do not mistake
for black pecan aphid)
Mike Quinn
Non-Winged Female
“apterous” stem mother
Winged Female
“alate”
15. Blackmargined Aphid
1. Adult females both winged and non-winged
2. Characteristic “black band” on wings
3. All forms “lime green”
4. Lifespan approximately 30 days
5. Produce approximately 150 offspring
6. Populations tend to be uniform across the orchard
7. Feed primarily on underside of the leaflet
16. Blackmargined Aphid Damage
1. Compete with the tree for photosynthates
“sinks”*
2. May reduce nut quality*
3. May reduce # flowers (next year)*
4. Historically considered “secondary pest”
in other pecan growing regions
5. Provide a food source for sooty
mold* (honeydew)
6. Damage not visible
7. Premature defoliation
18. Pecan Production Basics
(Aphid Control Considerations)
1. Pecans alternate between “heavy” and “light”
production years.
2. Number and location of flowers are determined
the previous year.
3. Pecans are considered a “high value” crop.
19. Aphid Control Considerations
I. Economic Threshold Levels (internet)
• Black pecan aphid 1-3 per leaf
• Blackmargined aphid 10 per leaf
II. Yield reductions (regional)
• Approximately 2%+ reduction in meat
(“heavy” production year)
• Reduce number of flowers following year
(“light” production year)
• Increase in “husk retention” at harvest
(“heavy production” year)
20.
21. Aphid Control Considerations
(Treat or No-Treat)
I. Scout (insect)
- Species
- Density
- Location (within, proximity to neighboring orchards)
- Aphid forms (winged, stem, nymphs)
- Damage (black)
- Honeydew production (blackmargined)
- History (how many, how long)
22. Aphid Control Considerations
(Treat or No-Treat)
II. Scout (orchard information)
- Yield estimate
- Overall orchard condition
- Foliar requirements (zinc)
- Soil moisture
III. Equipment availability
IV. Dollars
- Expected market price
- Application costs (chemical, labor)
V. Climate (treatment, honeydew, sooty mold)
23. Insecticide Selection & Application
• Number of insecticide active ingredients and activity for
aphid control
– Foliar trans-laminar systemics (neonicitinoids)
– Foliar true systemics (Movento*)
– Soil applied systemics (neonicitinoids)
– Contact (organophosphate, pyrethroids)
• Restricted vs. non-restricted
• Costs $5/acre to $30+/acre
• Resistance issues
• Adjuvants
• Application (coverage, air vs. ground, speed)
24. Status of Conventional Insecticides
Used to Control Pecan Aphids
I. Foliar
•1) Pyrethroids (co-packs)
•2 ) Non-specific feeding blockers (Fulfill)
•3) Neonicotinoids
•4) Chlorpyriphos (Lorsban 4E to Lorsban Advanced)
•5) Pyriproxyfen (Knack)
•6) Spirotetramat (Movento)
•7) 2012 ??
II. Systemic (soil applied)
Carbamates (Aldicarb removed 2010)
Neonicotinoids
27. Pecan Nut Casebearer Basics
• Most recent pest introduced into western area*
• Overwinter as a diapaused larvae in the base of pecan bud
• Emerge in spring
• Normally three generations throughout the growing season
• Larvae feed on developing pecan nuts (direct impact), or buds
• Smaller the nuts, more nuts damaged by larval feeding
• Populations monitored with pheromone traps and scouting
for eggs and damage
• Economic threshold levels dependent on yield
33. Placement of Pheromone Traps
Wind
1. Location
2. Minimum of two traps
3. Record moths and #
nights since last count
4. Used to time egg
scouting
5. Replace pheromone
every month
6. Consider access
A
34. PNC Economic Decisions
• Economic Threshold Levels: (Internet)
– 1% egg infested clusters for 1st
generation
– 2% egg infested clusters for 2nd
and 3rd
generation
ON-YEAR 1st
GENERATION
-2,500 Lbs/Acre
-65 Nuts/Lb
-$1.80/Lb Market
-40,000 clusters/Acre
-At 1% infested = 400
Clusters/acre
-3 damaged nuts/cluster
=1200 nuts or 18 lbs or $32
Loss
OFF-YEAR 1st
GENERATION
-1,500 Lbs/Acre
-60 Nuts/Lb
-$1.80/Lb Market
-26,000 clusters/Acre
-At 1% infested = 260 Clusters/acre
-3 damaged nuts/cluster =780 nuts
or 13 lbs or $23 Loss
Western PNC may have a high egg mortality (up to 80%)
Used to thin crop load?
35. Pecan Nut Casebearer Management
A. Timing Insecticide
Application
1) Field Scouting
2) Modified Degree-Day Models
(1st
gen. only)
a. Biofix (Texas A&M)
b. Traditional (egg survey)
c. Forecast Model
3) Calendar Based
a. 12 days following accumulation
of 25 moths*
Egg
Egg Hatch, Larvae and Nut Entry
Treatment Decision
MothCatches
TIME
36. PNC Insecticides
(General Characteristics)
Broad Spectrum
• Older chemistries, less
expensive, residual less
than 10 days, high
degree of familiarity,
reduce moth
population, tend to
increase aphid density
Narrower Spectrum
• Newer chemistries,
more expensive,
primarily target
larvae, conserve
beneficials, longer
residual (some),
good OMRI
approved products
38. PNC Adult Suppression Program
No Eggs
Countable Moths
Spray
Countable Moths
Spray
1. Not considered IPM
2. Can treat every other row
3. Inexpensive
4. No investment in scouting
39. Addition of Pecan IPM PIPE Website
• Maintained by Texas A&M
• Information contributions by all pecan
belt entomology researchers
• Early development phase
• www.pecan.ipmpipe.org
• Caution: recommendations may not be
appropriate for all growing regions
40. Pecan Weevil
Jerry A. Payne, USDA Agricultural
Research Service, Bugwood.org
H C Ellis, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org
Texas A&M
Western and Southeastern, relevant for more than geographical differences, differences in pest management practices.
Three pecan aphid species
2. Damage is different
3. Population dynamics different
4. Control practices may be different
Blackmargined aphid 125 young over 33 days. Increase more visible with respect to blackmargined aphid due to production of off spring, black pecan aphid live for approximately 10 days with 35 offspring produced. Blackmargined 150 or so and over a period of 30 days.
Remove pho
Live for 10 days, 35 young produced, insert damage picture in this slide, visible stress
Brachonid
Syngenta fulfill, movento bayer,
POTENTIALLY ECONOMIC
WHAT WE DO WITH ONE GENERATION HAS THE POTENTIAL TO EFFECT SUBSEQUENT GENERATIONS
Reduce errors in PNC management by understanding what is going on.
Determine if an application is required, when to apply simple, why do we have problems.