Boundaries & contents of Axilla

1. Boundaries & Contents of Axilla
Dr. Prabhakar Yadav
Associate Professor
Department of Human Anatomy
B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences

2. Axilla:
Pyramid space between upper part of arm & chest wall
Apex, Base; Anterior, Posterior,Medial & Lateral walls
Apex (cervico-axillary canal):
Boundary:

5. Base: Skin, superficial & axillary fasciae

7. Anterior wall: Pectoralis Major, clavipectoral fascia enclosing subclavius & pectoralis Minor

8. Posterior wall:

9. Medial Wall:

10. Lateral wall:

11. Contents:
• Axillary artery & its Branches
• Axillary vein & its tributires
• Infra clavicular part of of Brachial plexus
• Axillary lymph nodes & associated lymphatics
• Long thoracic & intercostobrachial nerves
• Axillary tail of breast
• Axillary fat & areolar tissue ( fibrofatty tissue)

13. Brachial Plexus:
Upper
Lower

18. prefixed brachial plexus: contribution from C4 is large and that from T2 is absent.
postfixed brachial plexus: contribution from T2 is large and that from C4 is absent.

19. Axillary Artery:
Extent:
Parts:

20. Relation of brachial plexus with axillary artery

21. Relation of branches of brachial plexus with axillary vien

22. Branches of axillary artery: SALSA P

41. Erb’s Paralysis

42. Muscle paralysed : Deltoid, supraspinatus,infraspinatus, teres minor , biceps
brachii,brachalis,brachioradialis & supinator

43. Adduction of arm due to paralysis deltoid muscle.
– Medial rotation of arm due to paralysis supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles.
– Extension of elbow, due to paralysis of biceps brachii.
– Pronation of forearm due to paralysis of bicepsbrachii.
– Loss of sensation over small area over lower part of deltoid

44. Kumpke’s Paralysis:

45. Claw hand: due to paralysis of the flexors of the wrist & fingers (C6, C7, and C8), and all intrinsic muscles
of hand (C8 & T1).
Cutaneous anaesthesia & anaglagesi alog ulnar border of forearm & hand.

46. Horner’s syndrome : partial ptosis,miosis, anhydrosis, enophthalmos & loss of ciliospinal reflex due to
involvement of sympathetic fibres supplying head and neck, which leave the spinal cord through T1.
Vasomotor changes:
Tropic changes:

47. Injury to nerve to serratus anaterior

48. Disability:
Loss of pushing & puncing action
Arm cann’t be raised beyod 90 degree

51. Thank You