Botanical insecticides role and use in pestmanagement

1. Role and mechanism of botanicals
in pest management
PLANT DEFEND THEMSELVES BETTER THAN
ANYTHING
KARTHIKEYAN, S (2015 800503)
PH.D., SCHOLAR,
AGRICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY,
TNAU, COIMBATORE.

2. Neonicotinoids
DDT
Lime and sulphur
Botanicals
Organophosporous
Life is a cycle
~Dr. R. Sivakumar

3. Botanical pesticides
 Botanical pesticides are naturally occurring chemicals
extracted from plants that kill or retard the growth of
pests.
 Pyrethrum
 Rotenone
 Neem
 Ryania
 Nicotine
 Sabadilla

4. Role of Botanicals
 Pest management tool in organic farming
 Can be integrated with biocontrol agents
 Major component of IPM
 Hazard free eco-system
 Farmers friendly

5. Pyrethrum
(Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium)
 Pyrethrum is the powdered, dried flower.
 Pyrethrins - six compounds - hexane
 Pyrethrins I and II
 MoA: Block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve axons.

6. Nicotine (Nicotiana tabacum)
 An alkaloid from the foliage of tobacco plants
 Nornicotine and anabasine
 MoA: mimic the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

7. Rotenone
 >150 years as fish poison
 Isoflavonoids - roots/rhizomes - Derris, Lonchocarpus, and Tephrosia
 Root extraction - organic solvents – resins - 45 %
 MoA: Inhibits cellular respiration (process converts nutrient – energy-
ADP≠ATP)
 Targets nerve and muscle cells - rapid cessation of feeding

8. Sabadilla
(Schoenocaulon officinale)
 Sabadilla seeds of South American lily
 Cevadine-type alkaloids
 Extremely toxic to mammals but commercial preparations contain less
than 1 % a.i.
 MoA: Similar to that of the pyrethrins
 Kills insects immediately or paralyze

9. Ryania
(Ryania speciose)
 Wood of the Caribbean shrub
 Powdered wood contains < 1 % ryanodine
 MoA : Interferes with calcium release in muscles
 it does not produce rapid knockdown paralysis
 it does cause insects to stop feeding

10. Neem
 Indian neem tree, Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae)
 Azadirachtin, salannin, and nimbin
 Leaf, bark, trunk, and seeds
 MoA
 Feeding deterrent
 Repellent
 Stomach poison
 Growth regulator
 Oviposition (egg deposition) suppressant
 Chemosterilant

11. Potential plant derivatives
 Lectins – Nictaba, GNA and Jacalin
 Proteinase Inhibitor (PI)
 Amylase Inhibitor
 Chitinase

12. Thanks lot
 Life is a cycle
 No persons in the world is very happy
 All are equal including me
 Appreciation is the biggest sword
 Expectation is the biggest problem of human beings
 Forgetting is greatest gift by god
 Toughest job in the world is facing the farmer not students
 Dr. R. Sivakumar