The document discusses the rice yellow stem borer, a significant pest affecting deepwater rice, detailing its life cycle, identification, and management strategies. It highlights the differences between male and female borers, their destructive impact on rice at various growth stages, and suggests several control measures, including the use of resistant varieties and biological control agents. The conclusion emphasizes the pest's potential to cause substantial yield losses in rice crops.

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2. Topic
“Rice Yellow stem borer”
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Presented By:
Mahedi Hasan Zahid

3. Contents
• Introduction.
• Scientific classification.
• Metamorphosis.
• Eggs, Larva, Pupa.
• Description.
• Difference Between Male and Female.
• What it does?
• Identification process.
• Management.
• Conclusion.
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4. Introduction
• The yellow stem borer is a pest of Deepwater rice. It is found in
aquatic environments where there is continuous flooding.
• They attach themselves to the base of a new plant and into the
stem.
• It was described by Francis Walker in 1863.
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5. Scientific classification
Rice Yellow stem borer
Family: Crambidae
Genus: Scirpophaga
Order: Lepidoptera
Species: S. incertulas
Class: Insecta
Kingdom: Animalia
Scientific name: Scirpophaga incertulas
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6. Metamorphosis
A yellow stem borer insect's complete life cycle by 46 days.
• Eggs to Larva take 8 days.
• Larva to pupa take 30 days.
• Pupa to adult take 8 days.
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7. Eggs
• The eggs of the yellow stem borers are laid near the tip of the leaf
blade.
• Eggs are white in color they are oval, Flattened.
• The eggs, which hatch in 8 days, are laid in oval masses of 50-200
eggs e and covered with brownish anal hair of female moth.
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8. Larva
• The body of the larva is cream colored and the head is reddish
brown. Yellow stem borer larva body cream head radish brown.
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9. Pupa
• The pupa is yellowish white with a tinge of green. It turns dark
brawn just before adult emergence. The pupal stage takes place
inside the stem, and often below the soil surface.
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10. Description
• The wingspan of the male is 18–22 mm and the female is
34 mm. Adult males are smaller than the females. Males are
brownish ochreous. Forewings irrorated (sprinkled) with dark
scales and with the veins slightly streaked with fuscous.
• A black spot found at lower angle of cell. There is an oblique
fuscous line runs from apex to vein 2.
• A marginal black specks series can be seen. Hindwings ochreous
white. Female fuscous brown with pale fuscous hindwings.
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11. What it does
• Stem borers can destroy rice at any stage of the plant from
seedling to maturity.
• They feed upon tillers and causes dead hearts or drying of the
central tiller, during vegetative stage; and causes whiteheads at
reproductive stage.
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12. Difference
Male
• The male, gray or light brown in
color, is smaller and has two
rows of black spots at the tip of
the forewings.
• It has a wingspan of about 20-
30 mm. Its abdomen is slender
toward its anal end and is
covered with thin hairs dorsally
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Female
• The female YSB moth has a pair
of black spots at the middle of
each whitish, light brown to
yellowish forewing.
• It has a wingspan of 24-36 mm.
Its abdomen is wide with tufts
of yellowish hairs all over.

13. Male Female
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Difference

14. How to identify
Check the field for the following damage
symptoms
• Dead hearts or dead tillers that can be easily
pulled from the base during the vegetative
stages.
• Whiteheads during reproductive stage where
the emerging panicles are whitish and unfilled
or empty
• Tiny holes on the stems and tillers.
• Frass or fecal matters inside the damaged stems.
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15. How to manage
• Use resistant varieties
• At seedbed and transplanting, handpick and destroy egg masses
• Before transplanting, cut the leaf-top to reduce carry-over of eggs
from the seedbed to the field
• Raise level of irrigation water periodically to submerge the eggs
deposited on the lower parts of the plant
• Encourage biological control agents: braconid, eulophid,
pentatomic bugs, ants, mites, earwigs, bird and so on.
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16. Conclusion
• Due to heavy damage to rice throughout the world, many
controlling measures are underway. Chemical, physical, and
biological controls and many traditional methods are used to
control the pest at any stage of its life cycle.
• As a comparison, the pest can cause about 20% yield loss in early
planted rice, and 80% in late-planted crops.
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