Boigeography
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Biogeography is the study of the distribution of plant and animal species around the world. The continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea, but plate tectonics have caused the continents to slowly drift apart over millions of years, impacting species distribution. Organisms can disperse through various means of transport, such as floating on water, being carried by other organisms like birds, or transported unintentionally by humans. When an organism is introduced to a new location, it faces barriers like physical geography, competition with other species, and differing climate that may limit its ability to spread.
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(NASA public domain image)
The geosphere refers to the solid portion of the planet. It includes the rocks and minerals that make up the continents as well as the ocean floor. It also includes structures within Earth, including the liquid mantle and the dense, solid, metallic core. Nonliving surface ground layers, such as desert sands and volcanic rock, are part of the geosphere.
The hydrosphere includes all the water on or near Earth’s surface. The oceans are the major component of the hydrosphere. They make up 97 percent of the Earth’s water. Glaciers and polar ice caps make up about 2 percent of the hydrosphere. Only about 1 percent of the hydrosphere is made up of the liquid freshwater found in ponds, streams, rivers, lakes, and underground water reservoirs (aquifers).
Aquifers are the main freshwater source in America’s “breadbasket” states of the Midwest and Great Plains. (“Breadbasket” states get their name from the volume of wheat, a primary ingredient in bread, grown there.) The hydrosphere extends several miles above the surface of the planet into the atmosphere, mainly in the form of water vapor.
Water vapor is water in its gaseous state. Precipitation is water released from the clouds. It may take the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail. It’s part of the water cycle.
For more information on the hydrosphere, follow this link: What is the HYDROSPHERE?
The atmosphere is the planet’s blanket. It allows living beings on the planet to breathe. It also protects us from the unfriendly features of the universe, such as meteors, cosmic radiation, and the effects of solar flares.
The atmosphere is made up of a variety of layers, as follows:
Earth’s Atmosphere
(NASA public domain image)
· The troposphere is the densest part of the atmosphere. It starts at Earth’s surface and extends upward from about 5 miles (in the higher or lower latitudes) to 9 miles (over the equatorial regions). Most of our weather takes place here.
· The stratosphere extends from the troposphere upward about 31 miles. The ozone layer, which protects the planet from solar ultraviolet radiation, is located in this region.
· The mesosph.
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Boigeography
- 1. .
- 3. THEN BIOGEOGRAPHY IS THE STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ALL SPECIES: PLANTS AND ANIMALS AROUND THE WORLD.
- 6. Continental drift has caused a big impact on the distribution of the species. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoR_oOCXdJc
- 8. Water Dispersal The movement of the organisms from one place to another is called dispersal
- 12. There are 3 important factors that limit the dispersal of a species in the new place: Physical barriers - Competition - Climate
- 14. When the new organisms enter in an area they must compete for resources like for space , water or food with the species already there. But sometimes the new species outcompete the existing species, and the existing species can be displaced.
Editor's Notes
- Hello everybody¡¡¡ Thank you for your visit The topic for today is Biogeography. The word Biogeography comes from Greek: Bio that meaning “life”; geo, meaning “earth”; and graphy, meaning “description of”. Together these 3 root words give a description of where the organisms are found on the Earth.
- Then Biogeography is the study of the distribution of the all species: plants and animals around the world. The Biogeography tries to explain what led to the worldwide distribution of species that exist today.
- The movements of the continents is one factor affecting the distribution of organisms on the earth. The continents were part of a huge blocks of solid rock called pangaea formed by plates, Scientifics have found that the plates have been moving very Slowly for millions of years in a process called continental drift.
- Continental drift has caused a big impact on the distribution of the species.
- DISPERSAL: Another way to distribution is the dispersal, that occurs when the organisms move from one place to another. Dispersal can be caused by wind, water or living things , including humans.
- Many animals move on their own, but plants and small organism need help to move from place to place. The wind and water can carry some seeds, the spores of fungi, tiny spiders and other small organism.
- Living things: Organisms may also dispersed by other organisms Ex: Birds can eat some fruits in one place and deposit the seeds in other place in its wastes, Humans are also important to dispersal organisms sometimes intentional carrying seeds to another place and planted here and some time Unintentional as when the insects can be transported from one place to another by humans. When one organism is carried into a new location is considering an exotic species.
- There are some Limits to dispersal: Not all animals can be transported to another place and living in this new location. There are 3 important factors that limit the dispersal of a species in the new place. Physical barriers - Competition - Climate
- Physical barriers like mountains, oceans, rivers, desserts and others can limit the movement to the organisms to a new place.
- Competition too, When the new organisms enter in an area they must compete for resources with the species already there. This competition for space , water or food becoming in a barrier of dispersal. But sometimes the new species outcompete the existing species, and the existing species can be displaced.
- The Climate is the typical pattern in an area over a long period of time there are differences in climate like temperature, rains, sunlight can Limit dispersal of species. Ex: The climate changes dramatically as you move up a tall mountain. Climate determines the distribution of species on different parts of the mountain. That’s all see you soon. Good Bye