Assignment on genetic disorder . Here given some common genetic disorder name and discuss on diabetes and my own experience.

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Submitted By:
Abu Kaiser Mohammad Masum
Id: 161-15-6759
Section: F
Submission date:20.10.2017
Submitted To:
LAMIA RUKHSARA
Lecturer
Department of CSE, DIU

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Index
Topics Page No
1. Introduction 3
2. Definition 3
3. Types of genetic disorder 4
4. Some Common diseases 5
5. Discussion of Diabetes mellitus 6-7
6. Own Experience 8-9
7. References 9

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Introduction
A genetic disorder is a disease caused in whole or in part by a change
in the DNA sequence away from the normal sequence. Genetic
disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene, by mutations in
multiple genes by a combination of gene mutations and
environmental factors or by damage to chromosomes.
we are learning that nearly all diseases have a genetic component.
Some diseases are caused by mutations that are inherited from the
parents and are present in an individual at birth, Other diseases are
caused by acquired mutations in a gene or group of genes that occur
during a person's life. Such mutations are not inherited from a
parent, but occur either randomly or due to some environmental
exposure.
Definition
What is a genetic disorder?
A genetic disorder is a disease that is caused by
a change, or mutation, in an individual’s DNA
sequence.

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Types of Genetic Disorder
❖ Single gene disorders:-
▪ Caused by defects in one particular gene, often with
simple and predictable inheritance patterns.
▪ Example: Cystic fibrosis, Huntington’s diseases.
❖ Chromosome disorders:-
▪ disorders resulting from changes in the number or
structure of the chromosomes.
▪ Example: Down’s syndrome’s.
❖ Multifactorial disorders:-
▪ disorders caused by changes in multiple genes, often in a
complex interaction with environmental and lifestyle
factors such as diet or cigarette smoke.
▪ Example: Cancer.

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Some Common diseases



Asthma
Autoimmune disorders
Alzheimer’s Disease
Cancers
Cleft palate
Diabetes mellitus
Epilepsy
Hypertension
Intellectual disability
Cystic fibrosis
Huntington’s diseases
Down’s syndrome’s.
Hemophilia

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Diabetes
A chronic disease in which the body cannot use or make insulin.
According to the World Health
organization 422 million (8.5%)
adults are living with diabetes.
Diabetes caused 1.5-5 million
deaths in per year.
Types
There are three main types:
✓ Type I diabetes (childhood)
✓ Type II diabetes (adult onset)
✓ Gestational diabetes
TYPE 1 VS TYPE 2 DIABETES
Type 1 : destroys pancreatic cell that produce insulin
Type 2 : body does not use insulin effectively

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Symptoms
➢ Sudden Weight loss
➢ Skin infections
➢ Numbness in feet and hands
➢ Always thirsty
➢ Frequent urination
➢ Always hungry
Effect
• Retinopathy
• Kidney damage
• Poor blood circulation
• Nerve damage
• Heart diseases and stroke
• Vision problem and blindness
• Nerve damage
Treatment
• Insulin injections
• Exercise
• Diet
• Glucose monitoring
• Medicines

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Experience
I was faced to a person who having asthma. we know that there are
multifactor which is causes of asthma suppose Genetic,
Environmental, Socioeconomic, Life style etc. I think for his it was a
genetic disorder because previously his father who was an asthma
patient. DNA Mutation is main causes of this types of genetic
disorder. Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed
in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene.
So, for Mutation I think that he was affected by asthma.
life style:
Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways
characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow
obstruction and bronchospasm. So,maintains some rules, Given
below some part of his life style,
I. Use air conditioner. It reduces high humidity and reduces
exposure to dust mites.
II. Get his room cleaned regularly.
III. Avoiding fried and processed foods, rice, sugar, heavy milk, cold
food.
IV. Drink boiled water in plenty.
V. Avoiding over eating.
VI. Avoiding triggering factors.

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How to lead in life
Healthy habits can help to manage asthma. Given some tips to stay
healthy which is helps to lead in life.
✓ Eat to maintain a healthy weight
✓ Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables
✓ Avoid allergy-triggering foods
✓ Avoid sulfites
✓ Take in vitamin D
✓ Get regular exercise
✓ Control heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease
Reference
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorder.
2. https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-a-genetic-disorder
3. https://medlineplus.gov/diabetes.html
4. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/asthma/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-
20026992