Diabetes Type 1
Sara Martinez
Chamberlain College of Nursing
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology
2018
1
1
What is Diabetes
Body Does not make or properly use insulin: (ADA,2005)
No insulin production
Insufficient insulin production
Resistance to insulin’s effects
No insulin to move glucose from blood into cells
High blood glucose means:
Fuel loss, cells starve
Short and long term complications
2
Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body does not make or properly
use insulin, a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches, and other
food into energy by moving glucose from blood into the cells ( American Diabetes Association, 2005).
People with diabetes have increased blood glucose (sugar) levels for one or
more of the following three reasons: Either
No insulin is being produced,
Insulin production is insufficient, and/or
The body is resistant to the effects of insulin.
As a result, high levels of glucose build up in the blood, and spill into the
urine and out of the body. The body loses its main source of fuel and cells
are deprived of glucose, a needed source of energy. High blood glucose
levels may result in short and long term complications over time ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017).
2
Understanding Diabetes Type 1
Auto immune disorder
Insulin – producing cells destroyed
Daily insulin replacement necessary
Age of onset: usually childhood, young adults
Most prevalent type of diabetes in children and adolescent’s
(CDC,2017)
3
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of diseases characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both (CDC,2017).
The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
The effects of diabetes mellitus include long–term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs.
Diabetes is a condition where the body fails to utilize the ingested glucose properly. This could be due to lack of the hormone insulin or because the insulin that is available is not working effectively. Diabetes is the fastest growing long term disease that affects millions of people worldwide (CDC,2017). According to the charity Diabetes UK, more than two million people in the UK have the condition and up to 750,000 more are unaware of having the condition. In the United States 25.8 million people or 8.3% of the population have diabetes. Of these, 7.0 million have undiagnosed diabetes. In 2010, about 1.9 million new cases of diabetes were diagnosed in population over 20 years. It is said that if this trend continues, 1 in 3 Americans would be diabetic by 2050 (Mayo Clinic, 2017).
Type 1 diabetes is a disease of the immune system, which is the body’s system for fighting infection.
In people with type 1 diabetes, the .
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to either lack of insulin production or resistance to insulin. It ranges from asymptomatic to causing severe health issues like cardiovascular disease if uncontrolled. Risk factors include genetics, obesity, physical inactivity, and diet. Prevention strategies involve education, screening high risk groups, early treatment, and ongoing management of the condition and related health factors.
This document discusses global and national trends in diabetes prevalence. It finds that the number of people with diabetes worldwide is projected to increase from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million by 2030, with more than 80% of people with diabetes living in low- and middle-income countries. In the US, diabetes prevalence is projected to increase over 50% and certain ethnic groups like Native Americans have disproportionately high rates. Childhood obesity is rising sharply in the US, which will profoundly impact obstetrics and pediatrics in coming decades by increasing rates of childhood and adolescent diabetes. Meticulous prenatal care can help reduce excessive fetal and neonatal risks for women with diabetes during pregnancy, though risks are still higher than for non-di
Approach to Support Diabetes through Data Visualization DivyaBastola
Used Tableau to created a Geo-map by zip codes, Bar chart by sex and race, and another Bar chart by age to display the dense of diabetes prevalence in 17 zip codes of North Texas.
Literature Review is conducted to demonstrate the reduction of hyperglycemia events after the implementation of an inpatient multidisciplinary glucose control management program.
Created Info-graphic to exhibit the ways to manage diabetes through education, counseling, meal/diet, and exercise and potential comorbidities in the diabetic patient that undergoes surgeries.
Diabetes is the condition in which the body does not properly process food for use as energy. Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies to use for energy.
The pancreas, an organ that lies near the stomach, makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our bodies. When you have diabetes, your body either doesn't make enough insulin or can't use its own insulin as well as it should. This causes sugars to build up in your blood.
This is why many people refer to diabetes as ―sugar‖ Diabetes can cause serious health complications including, heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, and lower-extremity amputations.
A Case Study On A 52-Year-Old Female Patient Diagnosed With Type II Diabetes ...Richard Hogue
This document summarizes a case study on a 52-year-old female patient diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and uncontrolled hypokalemia. The introduction provides background on electrolyte disorders commonly associated with diabetes and discusses causes of hypokalemia in diabetic patients. The objectives of the case study are to assess the patient's condition, provide nutrition interventions, and develop a sample one-day menu. Limitations include reliance on self-reported dietary intake and focus on one individual.
This document provides an overview of diabetes, including defining the different types, identifying signs and symptoms, risk factors, diagnosing methods, and pathophysiology. It discusses type 1 diabetes as an autoimmune disease where the body cannot produce insulin, and type 2 diabetes where the body does not properly use or produce enough insulin. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy. Diagnosis methods include fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance tests, and HbA1c levels. Lifestyle changes like diet and exercise can help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes.
This document discusses health education intervention strategies for preventing and managing diabetes. It describes the different types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and pre-diabetes. The causes of diabetes are discussed, including genetics and lifestyle factors like obesity and lack of exercise. Health education strategies are recommended to increase awareness of diabetes symptoms and management through programs run by health agencies.
The document discusses the role of genes in the HLA region and insulin gene in determining risk of type 1 diabetes, prevention of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and future expectations such as pancreas transplants, islet cell transplants to the liver, and use of seaweed-derived housing to protect transplanted islet cells from immune system rejection. It also examines causes of type 2 diabetes including metabolic syndrome and findings from the Diabetes Prevention Program on preventing progression from pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes through lifestyle changes and metformin.
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to either lack of insulin production or resistance to insulin. It ranges from asymptomatic to causing severe health issues like cardiovascular disease if uncontrolled. Risk factors include genetics, obesity, physical inactivity, and diet. Prevention strategies involve education, screening high risk groups, early treatment, and ongoing management of the condition and related health factors.
This document discusses global and national trends in diabetes prevalence. It finds that the number of people with diabetes worldwide is projected to increase from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million by 2030, with more than 80% of people with diabetes living in low- and middle-income countries. In the US, diabetes prevalence is projected to increase over 50% and certain ethnic groups like Native Americans have disproportionately high rates. Childhood obesity is rising sharply in the US, which will profoundly impact obstetrics and pediatrics in coming decades by increasing rates of childhood and adolescent diabetes. Meticulous prenatal care can help reduce excessive fetal and neonatal risks for women with diabetes during pregnancy, though risks are still higher than for non-di
Approach to Support Diabetes through Data Visualization DivyaBastola
Used Tableau to created a Geo-map by zip codes, Bar chart by sex and race, and another Bar chart by age to display the dense of diabetes prevalence in 17 zip codes of North Texas.
Literature Review is conducted to demonstrate the reduction of hyperglycemia events after the implementation of an inpatient multidisciplinary glucose control management program.
Created Info-graphic to exhibit the ways to manage diabetes through education, counseling, meal/diet, and exercise and potential comorbidities in the diabetic patient that undergoes surgeries.
Diabetes is the condition in which the body does not properly process food for use as energy. Most of the food we eat is turned into glucose, or sugar, for our bodies to use for energy.
The pancreas, an organ that lies near the stomach, makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get into the cells of our bodies. When you have diabetes, your body either doesn't make enough insulin or can't use its own insulin as well as it should. This causes sugars to build up in your blood.
This is why many people refer to diabetes as ―sugar‖ Diabetes can cause serious health complications including, heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, and lower-extremity amputations.
A Case Study On A 52-Year-Old Female Patient Diagnosed With Type II Diabetes ...Richard Hogue
This document summarizes a case study on a 52-year-old female patient diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and uncontrolled hypokalemia. The introduction provides background on electrolyte disorders commonly associated with diabetes and discusses causes of hypokalemia in diabetic patients. The objectives of the case study are to assess the patient's condition, provide nutrition interventions, and develop a sample one-day menu. Limitations include reliance on self-reported dietary intake and focus on one individual.
This document provides an overview of diabetes, including defining the different types, identifying signs and symptoms, risk factors, diagnosing methods, and pathophysiology. It discusses type 1 diabetes as an autoimmune disease where the body cannot produce insulin, and type 2 diabetes where the body does not properly use or produce enough insulin. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy. Diagnosis methods include fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance tests, and HbA1c levels. Lifestyle changes like diet and exercise can help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes.
This document discusses health education intervention strategies for preventing and managing diabetes. It describes the different types of diabetes, including type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and pre-diabetes. The causes of diabetes are discussed, including genetics and lifestyle factors like obesity and lack of exercise. Health education strategies are recommended to increase awareness of diabetes symptoms and management through programs run by health agencies.
The document discusses the role of genes in the HLA region and insulin gene in determining risk of type 1 diabetes, prevention of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and future expectations such as pancreas transplants, islet cell transplants to the liver, and use of seaweed-derived housing to protect transplanted islet cells from immune system rejection. It also examines causes of type 2 diabetes including metabolic syndrome and findings from the Diabetes Prevention Program on preventing progression from pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes through lifestyle changes and metformin.
Nutrease powder- A natural plant based nutritional shake helps to supports in...SriramNagarajan16
Supplementation of Nutrease powder is essential for proactive prevention and also for the best outcome therapy in Diabetes.
Supplementing essential and conditionally essential nutrients like Nutrease powder to support essential metabolic pathways
is required for immune defense and repair, neuro-hormone balance as well as digestive and detox competencies.
Impaired antioxidant status has been shown to have a definite role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2
diabetes. Overproduction of oxidants (reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) in the human body is
responsible for the pathogenesis of some diseases. The scavenging of these oxidants is thought to be an effective measure to
depress the level of oxidative stress of organisms. It has been reported that intake of Nutrease powder is inversely associated
with the risk of many chronic diseases, and antioxidant phytochemicals in Nutrease powder are considered to be responsible
for these health benefits. Antioxidant phytochemicals found in Nutrease powder plays an important role in the prevention
and treatment of chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. They often possess strong antioxidant and free radical
scavenging abilities, which are also the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits, such as diabetes mellitus.
Phytonutrients in Nutrease powder play a positive role by maintaining and modulating immune function to prevent specific
diseases. Being natural products, they hold a great promise in clinical therapy. Phytonutrients are the plant nutrients with
specific biological activities that support human health. Some of the important bioactive phytonutrients include polyphenols,
terpenoids, resveratrol, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, carotenoids, limonoids, glucosinolates, phytoestrogens, phytosterols,
anthocyanins, and probiotics. They play specific pharmacological effects in human health. This article reviews the current
available scientific literature regarding the effect of Nutrease powder as an effective supplementation for a daily energy
need in life style disorders like diabetes.
The document provides an overview of diabetes mellitus, including the different types (Type 1, Type 2, gestational), signs and symptoms, causes, and statistical data on prevalence worldwide and in the Philippines. It then discusses a case study of a 71-year old Filipino man diagnosed with diabetes. It outlines his medical history, including a family history of diabetes, and analyzes factors affecting his nutrition and eating patterns such as his beliefs about food, personal preferences for oily and sweet foods, sedentary lifestyle, and lack of religious dietary restrictions.
This document discusses diabetes, including the different types, causes, risk factors, management, treatment, and prevention. It provides statistics on the growing prevalence of diabetes in the United States and the economic and public health burden associated with the disease. The document also outlines innovative strategies and emerging technologies for managing diabetes.
Unhealthy diets are a major risk factor for chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from either the body's inability to produce insulin or effectively use the insulin it produces. There are various types of diabetes. Risk factors include family history, age, obesity, and physical inactivity. Complications from uncontrolled diabetes can include damage to blood vessels, nerves, eyes, kidneys and heart. Prevention strategies emphasize healthy lifestyle changes like maintaining a healthy weight, eating nutritious foods, exercising regularly and avoiding tobacco.
Systemic diseases, or conditions themselves do not cause periodontitis but alter host tissues to increase the progression of periodontal disease. Systemic diseases and conditions can influence the course of periodontitis or affect the periodontal supporting tissues independent of the presence of dental plaque. Most commonly affecting diseases are diabetes, neoplasms.
Although type 1 diabetes continues to remain the most common form of childhood diabetes in most of the
countries including India, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. This increase is attributed to the modern sedentary lifestyle causing a phenotype of insulin resistance in genetically predisposed individuals. The differentiation between type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be done in most of the cases but may be difficult in obese adolescents with relatively acute presentation. The demonstration of various antibodies is helpful in such circumstances. The earlier age of onset puts patients at risk of earlier age of complications. The management is very challenging as lifestyle modification by the patient and the family is the mainstay of the management. Emphasis should be done on primary prevention with a focus on
healthier lifestyles among children.
Peer #1 Nicholette ThomasTypes of diabetes Type 1 .docxpauline234567
Peer #1
Nicholette Thomas
Types of diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes only accounts for 5% of diabetes cases and is usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescent ages (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). In type 1, the body destroys its own pancreatic beta cells through an autoimmune process. For this reason, no insulin can be produced innately, hence why it is known as insulin-dependent diabetes (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). Juvenile diabetes used to be used interchangeably with the term Type 1 diabetes, although the incidence of children developing type 2 diabetes is on the rise as well as the correlated rates of childhood obesity (Valaiyapathi et al., 2020).
Type 2 diabetes, which will be the main focus of this discussion, is usually diagnosed after the age of 40, and while there is a large hereditary component, it is often brought on largely by modifiable risk factors such as obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). It is characterized by the development of insulin resistance within target tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue, as well as an impaired or delayed secretion of insulin (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). Diagnosis of diabetes can include a combination of different tests including a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of greater than 126 mg/dL, a random glucose of greater than 200, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of greater than 11, and an A1c of greater than 6.5% (Quattrocchi et al., 2020). It is important to note that other conditions can affect the hgb A1c as well, such as sickle cell, anemia, blood transfusions, dialysis and pregnancy (Quattrocchi et al., 2020). Therefore, multiple tests should be performed and possibly repeated before making a definitive diagnosis.
Gestational diabetes is brought on by pregnancy and subsides rapidly after the birth of the child (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). It can be difficult to control due to elevated cortisol levels during pregnancy, other placental hormones that can antagonize the actions of insulin, and also due to the ability of glucose to freely get into the blood of the fetus (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). For this reason, blood glucose levels often need to be checked six to seven times per day and be correlated properly with meals / amount of carbohydrates to avoid harm to the fetus. Diet and insulin are utilized primarily to treat this type of diabetes (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017).
Drug Therapy: Metformin
There are many different types of oral medications and different types of insulin that can be used to manage diabetes. Each class of oral medications works differently in the body to help lower blood sugar. A stepwise approach for managing diabetes, especially alongside different comorbidities such as heart disease and CKD should be implemented, as noted by the recommendations by the ADA, which I will link the updated 2023 articles for standards of care for pharm management under the references listed below. For the purpose o.
"Empowered Living with Diabetes: Navigating the Path to Wellness" is an indispensable guide for individuals seeking comprehensive knowledge and practical strategies for effectively managing diabetes. Written by Dr. Olivia Mitchell, a renowned expert in the field of diabetes management, this book offers a holistic approach to understanding and navigating the complexities of diabetes.
From the introductory chapters that provide a thorough overview of diabetes and its various types, to the detailed discussions on prevention, management, and coexisting conditions, this book covers it all. With clarity and expertise, Dr. Mitchell delves into topics such as blood glucose monitoring, medication management, healthy eating, physical activity, stress management, and the emotional well-being of individuals with diabetes.
Through insightful chapters that address common comorbidities associated with diabetes, readers will gain valuable knowledge on how to effectively manage cardiovascular health, hypertension, kidney disease, eye complications, nerve damage, and mental health concerns. Practical tips, evidence-based recommendations, and real-life examples provide readers with the tools needed to take control of their health and embrace a life of empowerment.
Furthermore, this book offers guidance for navigating special occasions, traveling with diabetes, and staying motivated while overcoming challenges. Dr. Mitchell emphasizes the importance of a supportive environment, self-advocacy, and the power of a positive mindset in achieving long-term success in diabetes management.
"Empowered Living with Diabetes" is not just a guidebook, but a source of inspiration and empowerment for individuals living with diabetes. Dr. Olivia Mitchell's expertise and compassionate approach create a valuable resource that will help readers develop the skills, knowledge, and confidence to thrive while managing their condition.
Whether you are newly diagnosed, have been living with diabetes for years, or are a caregiver or healthcare professional seeking comprehensive insights, this book is an invaluable companion on your journey towards wellness and empowerment. With its practical advice, empowering strategies, and the belief that a fulfilling life with diabetes is possible, "Empowered Living with Diabetes" will guide you towards a healthier, happier, and more empowered future.
This Presentation is Briefly Discussing Diabetes in General,
Anti-Diabetic Venomous Animals and the Role of Naja Naja Snake Venom in The Treatment of it.
This document provides an overview of diabetes, including:
- Diabetes is a metabolic disease where the body does not properly process glucose due to not producing or responding to the hormone insulin.
- There are three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.
- Risk factors include family history, age, lifestyle, and ethnicity. Symptoms include frequent urination, thirst, and weight changes.
- Complications can include kidney damage, heart disease, eye problems, and limb amputation if not properly managed.
- Diagnosis involves blood glucose testing and management involves monitoring levels and lifestyle changes like diet and exercise.
This document discusses diabetes, including the different types and causes. Some key points:
- Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases where a person has high blood glucose due to inadequate insulin production or cells not responding properly to insulin.
- There are an estimated 347 million people worldwide with diabetes, and it is predicted to become the 7th leading cause of death by 2030.
- The main types of diabetes are type 1, where the body does not produce insulin, and type 2, where the body does not produce enough insulin or cells do not respond properly to insulin.
- Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include family history, age, weight, and physical inactivity. Prevention focuses on maintaining a healthy weight and
Immunology of Type I Diabetes: The Journey from Animal Models to Human Therap...Apollo Hospitals
Type I diabetes is primarily induced by an autoimmune process that destroys the pancreatic Beta cells. Genetic and environmental factors interplay to bring about an “insulitis”. Given that antibodies to GAD are detectable years before type I diabetes develops, there is a potential for treating and preventing the onset of this autoimmune process even before there is an irreversible pancreatic dysfunction.
This document provides an overview of diabetes mellitus (DM). It defines DM as a chronic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels due to defects in insulin production or action. The document discusses the causes, risk factors, types (type 1, type 2, gestational, pre-diabetes), symptoms, complications, trends, and management of DM, including through prevention, treatment, nutrition, medication, exercise, and blood glucose monitoring. It also provides details on insulin action and the differences between type 1 and type 2 DM.
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Diabetes is a metabolism disorder where the body does not properly process glucose due to a lack of insulin or inability to use insulin. There are four main types of diabetes: type 1 caused by the body not producing insulin; type 2 caused by insulin resistance; gestational occurring during pregnancy; and LADA sharing traits of type 1 and 2. Diabetes is treated through lifestyle changes like diet and exercise or insulin depending on the type. Genetics play a role in susceptibility but are not the sole cause, with lifestyle factors also contributing to type 2 risk.
The document summarizes 5 research articles related to diabetes. It discusses the purpose, background, methods, subjects, data collection and analysis, and conclusions of each study. The first study examined pregnant women's knowledge of gestational diabetes prevention. The second looked at factors influencing insulin initiation in UK adults with diabetes. The third evaluated the relationship between continuous glucose monitoring and type 1 diabetes management. The fourth assessed the link between vitamin D intake and risk of type 1 diabetes in infants. The fifth studied the association between erectile dysfunction and glycemic control in men with type 2 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This results in insulin deficiency and the need for external insulin administration. It accounts for approximately 5% of diabetes cases and usually develops in childhood or early adulthood. Long-term effects of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes can include damage to organs like the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. Proper management is needed to minimize health risks and maximize quality of life.
Assignment User FrustrationThe quality of the user experience i.docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment: User Frustration
The quality of the user experience is very important to the success of an application. In the early days of computing, users often experienced long delays since computing power was poor and networks had comparatively slow throughput. Modern systems have largely eliminated these delays due to increased network and computing power, yet users still report a high level of frustration.
Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:
Describe three (3) reasons users are still frustrated with modern applications.
Suggest one (1) method for reducing the frustrations for each of the reasons you supplied in Question one (1).
Describe methods for determining if user frustration is caused by poor system design or from the natural frustration associated with learning a new software product.
Suggest at least three (3) methods to reduce the frustrations among the disabled population and how this population can be better served.
Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Describe the inherent design issues across HCI environments.
Explain the use of interaction devices.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in human-computer interaction.
Write clearly and concisely about HCI topics using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions.
.
Assignment Upstream Approaches to Canadian Population HealthAlt.docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment: Upstream Approaches to Canadian Population Health
Although Canada is contiguous to the United States and has some cultural and historical similarities, Canada’s population enjoys a vastly superior health status. Reasons are many, can be traced historically, and are related to a different view of the role of government. The experience of Canada demonstrates that neither a heterogeneous population, nor a health system that has waiting lines for services, are reasons for poor health. By looking critically at what produces good health in Canada, much can be learned about steps the U.S. might need to take if population health is its goal.
The Canadian Best Practices Portal challenges Canadian public health practitioners and researchers to create upstream interventions aimed at the source of a population health problem or benefit. What is being done to address the influences on population health in Canada?
To prepare
for this Assignment, review your Learning Resources. Search the Internet and scholarly research for examples of Canadian “upstream interventions” that can be put forth as examples of either effective or ineffective efforts to improve population health.
The Assignment (2–4 pages):
Provide a description of an existing intervention in Canada, intended to improve health inequities. Include an explanation of the inequity and how the intervention targets upstream determinants of health.
Describe the organizations involved and/or social policies enacted in the implementation of the intervention.
Explain whether or not the intervention was/is successful and what lessons public health practitioners can learn from that experience that might improve population health in the United States.
Expand on your insights utilizing the Learning Resources.
Use APA formatting for your Assignment and to cite your resources.
.
Assignment Type up an essay on one of two prompts and submit the .docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment:
Type up an essay on one of two prompts and submit the final draft online.
Choose
only
one
topic:
1.
Symbols are important in Fahrenheit 451. Identify 3 symbols and analyze their references and meanings throughout the novel.
2.
Illustrate how each of Montag's three mentors - a new mentor for each part of the novel - help to spur Montag's ideological progression.
This is the final draft of your individual research paper essay.
1.
Essay must be 7-8 pages typed, not including the works cited page.
2.
Essay must follow MLA format.
3.
Research must include a minimum of 8 sources, 4 of which must be from Library Databases: Proquest, CQ Researcher, Infotrac, Opposing Viewpoints, etc.
4.
Essay must have a complete Works Cited page that cross references correctly to all in-text citations.
Note:
Please submit your document with YOUR last name first. (Example:
Schilf-Research-Paper-Final-Draft.pdf
)
Format:
Follow the BASIC OUTLINE TEMPLATE ( i have already done this part and attached pictures)
A.
Introduction
: Type up an Introduction with an opening strategy (OS) that grabs the readers attention using a story based example (PE, OPE, HYPO, CS, or HYPO/COMBO) that also supports your chosen topic. End the Intro with the Thesis Statement. (Limit 1 to 2 paragraphs)
B.
Body
: Present the analysis position through 3 topic points. Type up the topic sentence and bullet point the evidence (in this case, only quotes from the primary source material). A minimum of 3 quotes for support are needed for each topic point. Ideally, you provide 4 or 5 supporting quotes
C.
Quoting
: Avoid long quotes. Instead, be concise with quoting. You want quotes that are short, dynamic, and memorable. You will still need to set up quotes with a signal phrase that sets up the context of the quote.
D.
Analysis
: Never assume that the quote itself is self-explanatory. You must respond to each quote with your Original Voice (ROV) to illustrate, explain, compare, contrast, identify, analyze, etc. Do not simply restate the quote in your own words. Your response needs to go deeper.
F.
Conclusion
: Type up a Conclusion that revisits the opening strategy story based example. (Limit to 1 paragraph)
G.
Format
: Essay must follow MLA format with a Works Cited page that cross references correctly to all in-text citations.
H.
Length
: Essay should be 3 to 4 pages typed.
Note:
Please submit your document with YOUR last name first. (Example:
Schilf-Fahrenheit-451-Final-Essay.pdf
)
.
Assignment Type:
Individual Project
Deliverable Length:
8–10 slides
Points Possible:
150
Management utilities can be vendor-specific or vendor-neutral. There are many utilities that are
available to provide a proactive approach to monitoring each node of the cluster.
Submit a PowerPoint presentation of 8–10 slides that includes the following:
• Identify 1 vendor-specific server-monitoring utility.
• Identify 1 vendor-neutral monitoring utility.
• In your presentation, list advantages and disadvantages of using one or the other.
Your answer should clearly identify what notification and management interfaces each utility has
available (i.e., e-mail enabled, management console, Web-based)
.
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Nutrease powder- A natural plant based nutritional shake helps to supports in...SriramNagarajan16
Supplementation of Nutrease powder is essential for proactive prevention and also for the best outcome therapy in Diabetes.
Supplementing essential and conditionally essential nutrients like Nutrease powder to support essential metabolic pathways
is required for immune defense and repair, neuro-hormone balance as well as digestive and detox competencies.
Impaired antioxidant status has been shown to have a definite role in the development of insulin resistance and type 2
diabetes. Overproduction of oxidants (reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species) in the human body is
responsible for the pathogenesis of some diseases. The scavenging of these oxidants is thought to be an effective measure to
depress the level of oxidative stress of organisms. It has been reported that intake of Nutrease powder is inversely associated
with the risk of many chronic diseases, and antioxidant phytochemicals in Nutrease powder are considered to be responsible
for these health benefits. Antioxidant phytochemicals found in Nutrease powder plays an important role in the prevention
and treatment of chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. They often possess strong antioxidant and free radical
scavenging abilities, which are also the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits, such as diabetes mellitus.
Phytonutrients in Nutrease powder play a positive role by maintaining and modulating immune function to prevent specific
diseases. Being natural products, they hold a great promise in clinical therapy. Phytonutrients are the plant nutrients with
specific biological activities that support human health. Some of the important bioactive phytonutrients include polyphenols,
terpenoids, resveratrol, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, carotenoids, limonoids, glucosinolates, phytoestrogens, phytosterols,
anthocyanins, and probiotics. They play specific pharmacological effects in human health. This article reviews the current
available scientific literature regarding the effect of Nutrease powder as an effective supplementation for a daily energy
need in life style disorders like diabetes.
The document provides an overview of diabetes mellitus, including the different types (Type 1, Type 2, gestational), signs and symptoms, causes, and statistical data on prevalence worldwide and in the Philippines. It then discusses a case study of a 71-year old Filipino man diagnosed with diabetes. It outlines his medical history, including a family history of diabetes, and analyzes factors affecting his nutrition and eating patterns such as his beliefs about food, personal preferences for oily and sweet foods, sedentary lifestyle, and lack of religious dietary restrictions.
This document discusses diabetes, including the different types, causes, risk factors, management, treatment, and prevention. It provides statistics on the growing prevalence of diabetes in the United States and the economic and public health burden associated with the disease. The document also outlines innovative strategies and emerging technologies for managing diabetes.
Unhealthy diets are a major risk factor for chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels resulting from either the body's inability to produce insulin or effectively use the insulin it produces. There are various types of diabetes. Risk factors include family history, age, obesity, and physical inactivity. Complications from uncontrolled diabetes can include damage to blood vessels, nerves, eyes, kidneys and heart. Prevention strategies emphasize healthy lifestyle changes like maintaining a healthy weight, eating nutritious foods, exercising regularly and avoiding tobacco.
Systemic diseases, or conditions themselves do not cause periodontitis but alter host tissues to increase the progression of periodontal disease. Systemic diseases and conditions can influence the course of periodontitis or affect the periodontal supporting tissues independent of the presence of dental plaque. Most commonly affecting diseases are diabetes, neoplasms.
Although type 1 diabetes continues to remain the most common form of childhood diabetes in most of the
countries including India, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. This increase is attributed to the modern sedentary lifestyle causing a phenotype of insulin resistance in genetically predisposed individuals. The differentiation between type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be done in most of the cases but may be difficult in obese adolescents with relatively acute presentation. The demonstration of various antibodies is helpful in such circumstances. The earlier age of onset puts patients at risk of earlier age of complications. The management is very challenging as lifestyle modification by the patient and the family is the mainstay of the management. Emphasis should be done on primary prevention with a focus on
healthier lifestyles among children.
Peer #1 Nicholette ThomasTypes of diabetes Type 1 .docxpauline234567
Peer #1
Nicholette Thomas
Types of diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes only accounts for 5% of diabetes cases and is usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescent ages (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). In type 1, the body destroys its own pancreatic beta cells through an autoimmune process. For this reason, no insulin can be produced innately, hence why it is known as insulin-dependent diabetes (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). Juvenile diabetes used to be used interchangeably with the term Type 1 diabetes, although the incidence of children developing type 2 diabetes is on the rise as well as the correlated rates of childhood obesity (Valaiyapathi et al., 2020).
Type 2 diabetes, which will be the main focus of this discussion, is usually diagnosed after the age of 40, and while there is a large hereditary component, it is often brought on largely by modifiable risk factors such as obesity, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). It is characterized by the development of insulin resistance within target tissues such as the liver and adipose tissue, as well as an impaired or delayed secretion of insulin (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). Diagnosis of diabetes can include a combination of different tests including a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of greater than 126 mg/dL, a random glucose of greater than 200, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of greater than 11, and an A1c of greater than 6.5% (Quattrocchi et al., 2020). It is important to note that other conditions can affect the hgb A1c as well, such as sickle cell, anemia, blood transfusions, dialysis and pregnancy (Quattrocchi et al., 2020). Therefore, multiple tests should be performed and possibly repeated before making a definitive diagnosis.
Gestational diabetes is brought on by pregnancy and subsides rapidly after the birth of the child (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). It can be difficult to control due to elevated cortisol levels during pregnancy, other placental hormones that can antagonize the actions of insulin, and also due to the ability of glucose to freely get into the blood of the fetus (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017). For this reason, blood glucose levels often need to be checked six to seven times per day and be correlated properly with meals / amount of carbohydrates to avoid harm to the fetus. Diet and insulin are utilized primarily to treat this type of diabetes (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2017).
Drug Therapy: Metformin
There are many different types of oral medications and different types of insulin that can be used to manage diabetes. Each class of oral medications works differently in the body to help lower blood sugar. A stepwise approach for managing diabetes, especially alongside different comorbidities such as heart disease and CKD should be implemented, as noted by the recommendations by the ADA, which I will link the updated 2023 articles for standards of care for pharm management under the references listed below. For the purpose o.
"Empowered Living with Diabetes: Navigating the Path to Wellness" is an indispensable guide for individuals seeking comprehensive knowledge and practical strategies for effectively managing diabetes. Written by Dr. Olivia Mitchell, a renowned expert in the field of diabetes management, this book offers a holistic approach to understanding and navigating the complexities of diabetes.
From the introductory chapters that provide a thorough overview of diabetes and its various types, to the detailed discussions on prevention, management, and coexisting conditions, this book covers it all. With clarity and expertise, Dr. Mitchell delves into topics such as blood glucose monitoring, medication management, healthy eating, physical activity, stress management, and the emotional well-being of individuals with diabetes.
Through insightful chapters that address common comorbidities associated with diabetes, readers will gain valuable knowledge on how to effectively manage cardiovascular health, hypertension, kidney disease, eye complications, nerve damage, and mental health concerns. Practical tips, evidence-based recommendations, and real-life examples provide readers with the tools needed to take control of their health and embrace a life of empowerment.
Furthermore, this book offers guidance for navigating special occasions, traveling with diabetes, and staying motivated while overcoming challenges. Dr. Mitchell emphasizes the importance of a supportive environment, self-advocacy, and the power of a positive mindset in achieving long-term success in diabetes management.
"Empowered Living with Diabetes" is not just a guidebook, but a source of inspiration and empowerment for individuals living with diabetes. Dr. Olivia Mitchell's expertise and compassionate approach create a valuable resource that will help readers develop the skills, knowledge, and confidence to thrive while managing their condition.
Whether you are newly diagnosed, have been living with diabetes for years, or are a caregiver or healthcare professional seeking comprehensive insights, this book is an invaluable companion on your journey towards wellness and empowerment. With its practical advice, empowering strategies, and the belief that a fulfilling life with diabetes is possible, "Empowered Living with Diabetes" will guide you towards a healthier, happier, and more empowered future.
This Presentation is Briefly Discussing Diabetes in General,
Anti-Diabetic Venomous Animals and the Role of Naja Naja Snake Venom in The Treatment of it.
This document provides an overview of diabetes, including:
- Diabetes is a metabolic disease where the body does not properly process glucose due to not producing or responding to the hormone insulin.
- There are three main types of diabetes: type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes.
- Risk factors include family history, age, lifestyle, and ethnicity. Symptoms include frequent urination, thirst, and weight changes.
- Complications can include kidney damage, heart disease, eye problems, and limb amputation if not properly managed.
- Diagnosis involves blood glucose testing and management involves monitoring levels and lifestyle changes like diet and exercise.
This document discusses diabetes, including the different types and causes. Some key points:
- Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases where a person has high blood glucose due to inadequate insulin production or cells not responding properly to insulin.
- There are an estimated 347 million people worldwide with diabetes, and it is predicted to become the 7th leading cause of death by 2030.
- The main types of diabetes are type 1, where the body does not produce insulin, and type 2, where the body does not produce enough insulin or cells do not respond properly to insulin.
- Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include family history, age, weight, and physical inactivity. Prevention focuses on maintaining a healthy weight and
Immunology of Type I Diabetes: The Journey from Animal Models to Human Therap...Apollo Hospitals
Type I diabetes is primarily induced by an autoimmune process that destroys the pancreatic Beta cells. Genetic and environmental factors interplay to bring about an “insulitis”. Given that antibodies to GAD are detectable years before type I diabetes develops, there is a potential for treating and preventing the onset of this autoimmune process even before there is an irreversible pancreatic dysfunction.
This document provides an overview of diabetes mellitus (DM). It defines DM as a chronic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels due to defects in insulin production or action. The document discusses the causes, risk factors, types (type 1, type 2, gestational, pre-diabetes), symptoms, complications, trends, and management of DM, including through prevention, treatment, nutrition, medication, exercise, and blood glucose monitoring. It also provides details on insulin action and the differences between type 1 and type 2 DM.
Essay on Diabetes in the UK
Diabetes Mellitus Essay
Diabetes Essay
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Essay On Type 1 Diabetes
Diabetes Essays
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Essay on Diabetes
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Type 1 Diabetes Essay
Diabetes is a metabolism disorder where the body does not properly process glucose due to a lack of insulin or inability to use insulin. There are four main types of diabetes: type 1 caused by the body not producing insulin; type 2 caused by insulin resistance; gestational occurring during pregnancy; and LADA sharing traits of type 1 and 2. Diabetes is treated through lifestyle changes like diet and exercise or insulin depending on the type. Genetics play a role in susceptibility but are not the sole cause, with lifestyle factors also contributing to type 2 risk.
The document summarizes 5 research articles related to diabetes. It discusses the purpose, background, methods, subjects, data collection and analysis, and conclusions of each study. The first study examined pregnant women's knowledge of gestational diabetes prevention. The second looked at factors influencing insulin initiation in UK adults with diabetes. The third evaluated the relationship between continuous glucose monitoring and type 1 diabetes management. The fourth assessed the link between vitamin D intake and risk of type 1 diabetes in infants. The fifth studied the association between erectile dysfunction and glycemic control in men with type 2 diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This results in insulin deficiency and the need for external insulin administration. It accounts for approximately 5% of diabetes cases and usually develops in childhood or early adulthood. Long-term effects of uncontrolled type 1 diabetes can include damage to organs like the heart, kidneys, eyes, and nerves. Proper management is needed to minimize health risks and maximize quality of life.
Similar to Diabetes Type 1 Sara MartinezChamberlain College of Nursing.docx (18)
Assignment User FrustrationThe quality of the user experience i.docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment: User Frustration
The quality of the user experience is very important to the success of an application. In the early days of computing, users often experienced long delays since computing power was poor and networks had comparatively slow throughput. Modern systems have largely eliminated these delays due to increased network and computing power, yet users still report a high level of frustration.
Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:
Describe three (3) reasons users are still frustrated with modern applications.
Suggest one (1) method for reducing the frustrations for each of the reasons you supplied in Question one (1).
Describe methods for determining if user frustration is caused by poor system design or from the natural frustration associated with learning a new software product.
Suggest at least three (3) methods to reduce the frustrations among the disabled population and how this population can be better served.
Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Describe the inherent design issues across HCI environments.
Explain the use of interaction devices.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in human-computer interaction.
Write clearly and concisely about HCI topics using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions.
.
Assignment Upstream Approaches to Canadian Population HealthAlt.docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment: Upstream Approaches to Canadian Population Health
Although Canada is contiguous to the United States and has some cultural and historical similarities, Canada’s population enjoys a vastly superior health status. Reasons are many, can be traced historically, and are related to a different view of the role of government. The experience of Canada demonstrates that neither a heterogeneous population, nor a health system that has waiting lines for services, are reasons for poor health. By looking critically at what produces good health in Canada, much can be learned about steps the U.S. might need to take if population health is its goal.
The Canadian Best Practices Portal challenges Canadian public health practitioners and researchers to create upstream interventions aimed at the source of a population health problem or benefit. What is being done to address the influences on population health in Canada?
To prepare
for this Assignment, review your Learning Resources. Search the Internet and scholarly research for examples of Canadian “upstream interventions” that can be put forth as examples of either effective or ineffective efforts to improve population health.
The Assignment (2–4 pages):
Provide a description of an existing intervention in Canada, intended to improve health inequities. Include an explanation of the inequity and how the intervention targets upstream determinants of health.
Describe the organizations involved and/or social policies enacted in the implementation of the intervention.
Explain whether or not the intervention was/is successful and what lessons public health practitioners can learn from that experience that might improve population health in the United States.
Expand on your insights utilizing the Learning Resources.
Use APA formatting for your Assignment and to cite your resources.
.
Assignment Type up an essay on one of two prompts and submit the .docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment:
Type up an essay on one of two prompts and submit the final draft online.
Choose
only
one
topic:
1.
Symbols are important in Fahrenheit 451. Identify 3 symbols and analyze their references and meanings throughout the novel.
2.
Illustrate how each of Montag's three mentors - a new mentor for each part of the novel - help to spur Montag's ideological progression.
This is the final draft of your individual research paper essay.
1.
Essay must be 7-8 pages typed, not including the works cited page.
2.
Essay must follow MLA format.
3.
Research must include a minimum of 8 sources, 4 of which must be from Library Databases: Proquest, CQ Researcher, Infotrac, Opposing Viewpoints, etc.
4.
Essay must have a complete Works Cited page that cross references correctly to all in-text citations.
Note:
Please submit your document with YOUR last name first. (Example:
Schilf-Research-Paper-Final-Draft.pdf
)
Format:
Follow the BASIC OUTLINE TEMPLATE ( i have already done this part and attached pictures)
A.
Introduction
: Type up an Introduction with an opening strategy (OS) that grabs the readers attention using a story based example (PE, OPE, HYPO, CS, or HYPO/COMBO) that also supports your chosen topic. End the Intro with the Thesis Statement. (Limit 1 to 2 paragraphs)
B.
Body
: Present the analysis position through 3 topic points. Type up the topic sentence and bullet point the evidence (in this case, only quotes from the primary source material). A minimum of 3 quotes for support are needed for each topic point. Ideally, you provide 4 or 5 supporting quotes
C.
Quoting
: Avoid long quotes. Instead, be concise with quoting. You want quotes that are short, dynamic, and memorable. You will still need to set up quotes with a signal phrase that sets up the context of the quote.
D.
Analysis
: Never assume that the quote itself is self-explanatory. You must respond to each quote with your Original Voice (ROV) to illustrate, explain, compare, contrast, identify, analyze, etc. Do not simply restate the quote in your own words. Your response needs to go deeper.
F.
Conclusion
: Type up a Conclusion that revisits the opening strategy story based example. (Limit to 1 paragraph)
G.
Format
: Essay must follow MLA format with a Works Cited page that cross references correctly to all in-text citations.
H.
Length
: Essay should be 3 to 4 pages typed.
Note:
Please submit your document with YOUR last name first. (Example:
Schilf-Fahrenheit-451-Final-Essay.pdf
)
.
Assignment Type:
Individual Project
Deliverable Length:
8–10 slides
Points Possible:
150
Management utilities can be vendor-specific or vendor-neutral. There are many utilities that are
available to provide a proactive approach to monitoring each node of the cluster.
Submit a PowerPoint presentation of 8–10 slides that includes the following:
• Identify 1 vendor-specific server-monitoring utility.
• Identify 1 vendor-neutral monitoring utility.
• In your presentation, list advantages and disadvantages of using one or the other.
Your answer should clearly identify what notification and management interfaces each utility has
available (i.e., e-mail enabled, management console, Web-based)
.
Assignment Type Individual discussion Board; 450 – 550 word.docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment Type
: Individual d
iscussion Board;
450 – 550 words
Leadership varies widely by culture and personality. An international organization with locations in several countries must balance the local customs and cultures with those of the primary culture of the organizations’ headquarters. Using the USA as the headquarters, pick two other countries that might be part of a international internet retail organization and research and discuss the differences that leaders would have to navigate in approach and adapting to different standards of behavior and culture within the countries.
Grading criteria: students are graded on the quality and originality of their posts and responses, not the quantity. Responses should indicate the dilemma that leaders will face in working in cultures where values and leadership styles vary widely from those of the US. Examples may include the use of payments for access, the difficulty that women might experience in dealing with a patriarchal country or other theoretically sound differences in leadership
.
Assignment Two UNIT 2Student Name _______________________.docxlynettearnold46882
This document provides instructions for Assignment Two in Unit 2 of an art history course. Students are asked to answer 11 questions about important artists and artworks from the time period covered in Unit 2 of their textbook. They must cite sources and submit their written answers through the online learning platform. The questions cover major figures like Giotto, Vermeer, Bruegel, da Vinci, Michelangelo, Goya, Pollock, van Gogh, and others. Students are instructed to draw from the textbook, online resources, and their own opinions in crafting their responses.
Assignment Two Select a college or university and provide th.docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment Two
Select a college or university and provide the information listed below for the university.
History of the Institution
Mission Statement
Accreditation Status of the Institution
Institutions Goals and Objectives
.
Assignment Two
Objectives
• Understand how the AVL tree works
• Give you further practice with C and data structures
Admin
Marks 10 marks, excluding bonus marks. Marking is based on the correctness and
efficiency of your code. Your code must be well commented.
Group? This assignment is completed individually.
Due Time 23:59:59 pm on Sunday 31 March 2019. 23:59:59 pm on Wed 3 April 2019
Late Submissions Late submissions will not be accepted!
In this assignment, you will implement AVL tree and a set of functions associated with AVL
tree. For simplicity, we make the following assumptions:
1. Each item of an AVL tree contains an integer key and an integer value.
2. No AVL tree contains duplicate items. Two items (k1, v1) and (k2, v2) are duplicates
iff k1=k2 and v1=v2 hold.
3. An AVL tree may contains multiple items with the same key and the number of
duplicate keys is a constant.
A template file named MyAVLTree.c is provided. MyAVLTree.c contains the type definitions of
AVL tree and AVL tree node as well as some basic functions. You can add your own helper
functions and auxiliary data structures for better performance in terms of time complexity.
You need to implement the following functions:
1. AVLTree *CreateAVLTree(const char *filename). This function creates an AVL tree by
reading all the items from a text file or from the standard input (keyboard)
depending on the argument filename. If filename is “stdin”, this function will read all
the items from the standard input. Otherwise, it will read all the items from a text
file with filename as its full path name. (2 marks)
An input text file contains zero or more items where each item is of the form (key,
value). Any characters such as white space between two adjacent items are ignored.
For example, the following sample file contains 10 items:
(2, 50) (4, 30) (9, 30) (10, 400) (-5, -40)
(7, 20) (19, 200) (20, 50) (-18, -200) (-2, 29)
Similarly, when reading from the standard input, each input line may have zero or
more items, separated by one or more white space characters. An empty line
indicates the end of input.
In case of an error in the input, this function will print the error and your program
terminates.
You may assume that the input does not contain duplicate items and thus this
function does not need to check for duplicate items.
The time complexity of this function cannot be higher than O(n logn), where n is the
size of the resulting AVL tree. If your time complexity is higher, you will get 0 mark
for this function. You may assume that each call to a C built-in function takes O(1)
time.
2. AVLTree *CloneAVLTree(AVLTree *T). This function creates an identical copy (clone)
of the input AVL tree T, and returns a pointer to the clone tree. (1 mark)
The time complexity of this function cannot be higher than O(n), where n is the size
of T. If your time complexity is high.
Assignment Topic Exploration and Analysis (Proposal)In Week 6 o.docxlynettearnold46882
This document provides guidelines for a topic exploration and analysis proposal assignment. Students must select and research two social change movements - one from the pre-modern era (pre-1945) and one from the modern era (post-1945). They must analyze and compare the leadership structure, success in promoting social change, and how the movements paralleled each other. The proposal assignment requires identifying the two topics, outlining the planned paper sections, summarizing initial research findings, and including an initial bibliography.
Assignment To consider three sources about the Fall of Rome and w.docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment:
To consider three sources about the Fall of Rome and write an analytical essay.
Purpose:
To demonstrate proficiency in integrating historical sources and producing a well-informed analytical essay.
Part 1:
Research
Examine three sources:
1.
The textbook explanation concerning the decline and fall of Rome (chapter 7).
2.
The class presentation lecture on the Roman Empire.
3.
An article on the subject (“Friends, Romans, Countrymen” – see the Reading & Study link).
Write a 1,000–1,300-word essay concerning the decline and fall of the Roman Empire.
The paper should have a clear thesis statement, located at the end of the introduction.
The paper should cover the following:
1.
The various viewpoints given in the three sources (focus on the viewpoints you agree with)
2.
The variables involved (social, economic, military, etc.).
3.
Lessons the United States (our people and our government) can learn from Rome’s decline and fall.
4.
Similarities between the actions and attitudes of ancient Rome in their decline and fall and our American society today
Be careful that you use only the three sources provided. Use of other sources will be penalized.Textbook:
Perry, M., Chase, M., Jacob, J. R., Jacob, M. C., & Von Laue, T. H. (2013).
Western civilization: Ideas, politics, and society
(10th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. ISBN: 9781111831707.
Williams, S., & Friell, G. (1994). Friends, romans or countrymen? barbarians in the empire.
History Today,
44
(7), 34.
http://bb7.liberty.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-22815357-dt-content-rid-159718173_1/xid-159718173_1
.
Assignment topic Rapid Influenza Testing in Children and Adult.docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment topic : Rapid Influenza Testing in Children and Adults.
When seeking to identify a patient’s health condition, advanced practice nurses can use a diverse selection of diagnostic tests and assessment tools; however, different factors affect the validity and reliability of the results produced by these tests or tools. Nurses must be aware of these factors in order to select the most appropriate test or tool and to accurately interpret the results.
Not only do these diagnostic tests affect adults, body measurements can provide a general picture of whether a child is receiving adequate nutrition or is at risk for health issues. These data, however, are just one aspect to be considered. Lifestyle, family history, and culture—among other factors—are also relevant. That said, gathering and communicating this information can be a delicate process.
For this Assignment, you will consider the
validity
and
reliability
of different assessment tools and diagnostic tests. You will explore issues such as
sensitivity,
specificity,
and
positive
and
negative predictive values
. You will also consider examples of children with various weight issues. You will explore how you could effectively gather information and encourage parents and caregivers to be proactive about their children’s health and weight.
To Prepare
· Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider factors that impact the validity and reliability of various assessment tools and diagnostic tests. You also will review examples of pediatric patients and their families as it relates to BMI.
· Search the Library and credible sources for resources explaining the tool or test you were assigned. What is its purpose, how is it conducted, and what information does it gather?
· Also, as you search the library and credible sources, consider what the literature discusses regarding the validity, reliability, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, ethical dilemmas, and controversies related to the test or tool.
Assignment
(3–4 pages, not including title and reference pages)
:
For the Adult Assessment Tools or Diagnostic Tests:
Include the following:
· A description of how the assessment tool or diagnostic test you were assigned is used in healthcare.
o What is its purpose?
o How is it conducted?
o What information does it gather?
· Based on your research, evaluate the test or the tool’s validity and reliability, and explain any issues with sensitivity, reliability, and predictive values. Include references in appropriate APA formatting.
For the Child :
Include the following:
· An explanation of the health issues and risks that are relevant to the child you were assigned.
· Describe additional information you would need in order to further assess his or her weight-related health.
· Identify and describe any risks and consider what further information you would need to gain a full understanding of the child’s health. Think about how you could gather this infor.
Assignment Topic 1Choose a contemporary painting, sculpture, o.docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment Topic 1
Choose a contemporary painting, sculpture, or piece of art that captures your interest. This should be a piece created between the end of World War II (about 1945) and today. You may choose one of the illustrations or color inserts in the textbook, or try a virtual museum (check the links in this week's My Humanities Kit).
Before you begin writing your post, view the “Closer Look” art critiques from the unit My Humanities Kit resources. Consider what features are discussed in the piece you select. Aim for an evaluation that notes small details in a work, considers the purpose of various elements, and perhaps investigates the artist’s life.
In the post, begin by introducing the piece of contemporary art created between 1945 and present. What is the title? Who created it and when? What is the style? How would you describe it to someone who had not seen it? Finally, explain why viewing this work is a valuable experience. Connect the Unit 5 reading material in your response; include APA formatting.
Student 1
Hello Class and Professor,
For my piece of Art I have chosen Andy Warhol’s painting “Diamond Dust Shoes 1980”. I not only love the colors that are presented in the piece but the meaning to me signifies how many shoes women fill in our daily lives such as a mother, a friend, a lover, a daughter and etc. I fell a since of gratitude when I look at this colorful piece.
Andy Warhol was born in 1928; he left a huge legacy behind when he passed away in 1987 (Janaro & Altshuler, 2012, p. 142). From drawings, paintings and prints to videography, publishing and performance, he produced more than art -- he was essentially his own brand. From haunting black and white self-portraits to Polaroid snapshots of celebrities, many of the photos in the collection later became the inspiration for Warhol's most well-known Pop Art pieces (Janaro & Altshuler, 2012, p. 142).
Warhol's focus on consumer goods and pop-culture icons, as well as his own taste for money and fame, suggest a life in celebration of the very aspects of American culture that his work criticized (A & E Television Networks, 1996-2013). When looking at this piece of work you have a sense of what life is everyday!
Please look at the link provided below to take a look at this peice of Art. (The last reference below)
Margaret
A & E Television Networks, L. (1996-2013). bio.true story. Retrieved from Andy Warhol Biography: http://www.biography.com/people/andy-warhol-9523875?page=2
Student 2
Hello Class and Professor,
For some reason many of the illustrations in our text I cannot view. So I decided to search for contemporary art photos. There were quite a few interesting images but I found a sculpture or performance piece by Rook Floro that really caught my eye. Oddly, there is no title; at least I have not been able to locate one. Parts of this three-dimensional art look like it has some kind of wiry texture. The piece seems to be an imitation of human emotion. .
Assignment TitleAssessment Item 03 Case Study Analysis – Engagi.docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment Title
Assessment Item 03: Case Study Analysis – Engaging and Motivating staff
Length
3000-3500 wordsLearning outcomes
1. Knowledge - Describe and critically discuss key principles and theories of Human Resource Management.
2. Problem Solving Skills - Critically evaluate and synthesize relevant information to solve real world issues associated with Human Resource Management.
3. Change Management - Analyse the role of Human Resource Management in implementing change within a global context.
4. Global Environment - Identify and critically discuss local, global and international workforce trends and assess the implications for human resource managementLecturer Discretion
Lecturers may, at their discretion, ask students to verbally present their assignment submission or rewrite some selected part/s of their answer in a controlled setting.Task Details
Engaging and motivating employees is at the centre of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) practices. It is therefore important to identify the organisational practices that can be used to foster the cognitive, emotional and behavioural qualities that will positively impact on employees and enhance their motivation.
To understand what motivates people to work is essential to this assignment. The focus of the assignment is to identify the motivational theories, the characteristics of a positive work environment and the HR practices that positively influence affective processes (e.g. motivation, commitment, job satisfaction, wellbeing) and behavioural processes (e.g. effort, reduced turnover and absenteeism).
To complete this assignment successfully students at a minimum should:
· Identify the key motivational theories and discuss which of the theories strongly influences employees’ affective processes and behavioural processes.
· Describe the characteristics of a positive work environment and discuss how HR designs jobs to motivate employees.
· Discuss the synthesis of Hackman and Oldham’s (1976) job characteristics and employees’ psychological states in relation to work outcomes, such as intrinsic work motivation, job satisfaction, and high quality work performance.
International Human Resource Management
· Discuss the possible relationship between Maslow’s general components and job characteristics in view of engaging and motivating employees in organisations.
Your assignment must be formatted with heading.
Harvard referencing style must be used.
References
Gallup Consulting 2010, The state of the global workplace: A worldwide study of employee engagement and wellbeing, viewed 20 February 2015
<http://www.gallup.com/services/176300/state-global-workplace.aspx>
Jackson, S & Schuler, R 1995, Understanding Human Resource Management in the context of organisations and their environments, Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 46, pp. 237-264.
Pfeffer, J & Veiga, F 1999, Putting people first for organisational success, Academy of
Management Executive, vol. 13, no. 2, pp.37-48.
Runni.
Assignment Title Knowledge management cycle process in or.docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment Title:
Knowledge management cycle process in organizations and significance communities of practice
Note:
Each question/concept/ topic must be supported with peer reviewed journal references.
Assignment Structure:
Part A.
1.
Provide brief description about knowledge management processes in organizations. (
1 Mark
)
2. Explain the concept of organizational learning and describe the link between individual and organizational leaning. (
2 Marks
)
3. Describe role of organizational culture in knowledge management. (
2 Marks
)
Part B.
1. Describe the concept of community. Describe its key components. (
1 Mark
)
2. Discuss how communities can be linked to organizational memory in order to foster organizational learning and innovation. (
2 Marks
)
3. Highlight some of the key steps you would need to carry out in order to conduct social network analysis of an organization. What sort of questions could the social network analysis answer? (
2 Marks
)
NO plagiarism/ 700 WORDS
.
Assignment Three Technical Descriptions Due March 2 (1155 PM .docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment Three: Technical Descriptions
Due: March 2 (11:55 PM on Moodle)Peer:Feb 29
For this assignment you will either be creating a technical description or an extended technical definition. Officially, an extended technical definition is a microgenre of a technical description, but there are some differences worth noting. Technical descriptions are “longer explanation[s] . . . of the physical or operational features of an object, mechanism, or process”(Markel 534). While technical descriptions include technical definitions, an extended technical definition is slightly different.
An extended definition includes the three parts of a basic sentence definition, “[1] the term being defined, [2] the category in which the term belongs, and [3] the distinguishing features that differentiate it from its category” (Johnson Sheehan 155). It also expands the definition by adding more details of an object, process, or idea (Markel 534). It is divided by adding some (all) of the following: examples, partition, principle of operation, analogy, negation, and etymology (Markel 538 – 541).
Technical descriptions need a title/indication of the nature/scope of what the description will accomplish; an introduction that answers the questions in table 20.1 on page 545; a body with appropriate detail that discusses each step or section with detail, creativity, and clarity; and a conclusion that usually explains how the steps work together or summarizes the main steps. Look at the guidelines on page 547 for writing tips and additional help.
What you choose to do this on is up to you. You are free to choose any object, place, or process (and the definition of these can be pretty loose—think about my spider example). If you want to choose something that interests you, something you currently work with, something from your future workplace, or something else entirely—go for it. If you want to do something out of the ordinary you can always ask me if it’s okay.
Requirements
· The description/definition should be between 600 to 1000 words.
· It should be typed in a serif font.
· It must focus on clear writing that uses creative and technical writing techniques.
· It should be written for an audience similar to Wikipedia.
· It should follow checklist on page 571 – 572.
Green Hospitality: Green Hospitality:
Saving the EnvironmentSaving the Environment
A student Webzine from the International Council
on Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional Education
for Future Hospitality & Tourism Professionals
Vol. 17 No. 1 • ISSN: 1095-7898 Spring 2008
HOSTEUR
INTERNATIONAL
CHRIE
The Hospitality &
Tourism Educators
Volume 17, No. 1 | Spring/Summer 2008 Issue2 HOSTEURTM
Sustainability Standards for the Hotel Industry............5
by Andrew Moreo
Destination “Green”land - a Look at the Sustainable
Efforts of the Air Travel Industry......................9
by Katie Fontaine
Green Hotels..................................................
Assignment ThreeUNIT 3 – ON LINE CLASSStudent Name __________.docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment Three
UNIT 3 – ON LINE CLASS
Student Name: ______________________________________________
(Name must be exactly as it is on the e campus roll and the same in WEBCOM 2) Turn in assignment through WEBCOM 2 to Professor on time
Your Section Number _____________ (you must enter your section number)
The Unit 3 Assignment 3: Unit Three in the Textbook.
DIRECTIONS: The assignment is in WORD. Save the document to your computer and write your answers in the spaces given. You may change the spacing as needed.
NOTE: Turn in assignments to me through WEBCOM 2 see the place where you send me the assignment. You may either attach your Word file or copy and paste your entire submission. Be thorough in your answers. You should use the Textbook, Essential Humanitiesthird edition and/or the Study Guide. The Study Guide is not mandatory; however, it is there for your enrichment and it is helpful. The Study Guide is in WEBCOM 2 in the tab labeled Student Resources. You may also want to use additional information for any assignments from the Internet. If you do, please remember to cite your source at the end of your answer. If you add additional information from the Internet, this is great, but then be sure to cite your source at the end of your paragraph. You must cite sources. This applies to photos as well.
DIRECTIONS FOR FULL CREDIT: You will need to show how the architectural structure is significant (importance in history and explain its legacy). You should explain how it fits into the historical period and what it reflects about its time and place. Include names of important individuals connected to the construction and especially the name of the architect, if known. Mention the materials used in the construction and include information about how it was built. Also include location. Use full sentences in your answers and be sure to site your answers if you use photos and the internet if you use google. Do not just write in your site that you used google. You must place exact address. Google is too broad of a site for a reference. Thank you
1. List the major time periods in sequential order. The first period is Prehistoric. Then comes Mesopotamia, and then Egypt etc. Under each period, list the minimum of 3 major accomplishments or achievements of that period. See the WEBCOM 2 Resources tab that has the heading timeline and the Textbook Index in front of the textbook for Unit III which lists the periods of time in order
1. Discuss in written statements at least 2 major differences between the Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age) and the Neolithic Era (New Stone) found during the Prehistoric Period? (Unit 3, Chapter 3). (SLO 3: ULO 3.4).
EXPLAIN ANSWER FULLY USING THE CHART THAT YOU WILL SEE ON A PAGE IN YOUR TEXT
1. Explain how the Sumerian marble statuettes, sculptures, and Queen Puabi’s Harp that were excavated in modern times help us understand how the Sumerian people’s lived and what their beliefs were during the anc.
Assignment title An Evaluation of the Business Strategy at Mc D.docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment title: An Evaluation of the Business Strategy at Mc Donald’s.
Word count: 4242
Student name: Shane Sunil Mohan
Student number: A001753898
Subject name: 9050PROJ
AQF Level: 9
Discipline: Strategic Management
Theme: Critical Evaluation of a Business Strategy
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This paper was fundamentally about conducting a research and analyzing the findings on an evaluation of the business strategy at Mc Donald’s. Mc Donald’s establishment is a centralized, international organization which competes in the fast food industry by supplying hamburgers, french fries, and other consumable items using standardization. Substantial expansion and branding as the main driving force. As mentioned previously, operating in an open market in the food chain sector, one of Mc Donald’s major competition would be Wendy’s. These two establishments offer the exact same service which tends to make it difficult for Mc Donald’s to gain market share. With this being said, this report outlines different strategic strategies in which Mc Donald’s can gain competitive advantage against Wendy’s by providing substantial evidence on Mc Donald’s weaknesses and how it can be improved by using the case study method to help assist presenting its findings.
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 4
2.0 Literature Review: 5
2.1 Application of the literature to Mc Donald’s 6
2.2 Analysis with respect to Neoclassical microeconomics: 7
2.3 Analysis with respect to Evolutionary economics: 8
3.0 Research Methodology: 9
3.1 Case study method: 9
3.2 Data Collection: 10
3.3 Presentation of findings: 10
3.4 Analyzing the data: 11
4.0 Data Analysis and Reflections 11
4.1 Presentation of data 11
4.2 Reflection on findings and implications: 12
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations: 14
5.1 Addressing social changes with differentiation strategy: 15
5.2 Recommendation: Improved Promotional Strategy: 16
5.3 Conclusion 16
References 18
1.0 Introduction
With the increase in the trend of globalization and the increasing competition in global markets, companies work day and night to come with effective strategies. Some of the multinational companies are known for the strategies they use and practice. In this paper, two of the companies operating in the United States of America will be discussed and compared along with the suggestion of a competitive strategy for McDonald’s. One of the companies that was researched in this paper name is McDonald's. This company operates internationally while the opposition organization which is Wendy’s also known as a fast food restaurant operates in the United States of America. As far as McDonald's is concerned, McDonald's was established in the year 1940 by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States. The organization's business structure depends on three basic axes: representatives, franchisees, and suppliers. This business structure made by the founder of the organization, Ray Kroc, is known as "the three-legged sto.
ASSIGNMENT The student will submit a research project that compares.docxlynettearnold46882
ASSIGNMENT: The student will submit a research project that compares and contrasts two organizations in the same sector (Career Education Corporation and the Apollo Group Inc. or any other that you prefer), including analysis of the following criteria: legal, social, and economic environments; management structure; operational and financial issues; and impact of potential change factors.
1) Student should analyze the basic legal, social, and economic environments of the organization
2) Student should analyze the managerial, operational and financial issues of the organization
3) Student will analyze the impact of potential change factors as they related to the organization.
4) Student should apply appropriate college level writing standard.
the submission should be in APA Format. LENGTH of Paper: 5 Body Pages
.
Assignment Three Case study report – mixed mediaValue 40 .docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment Three: Case study report – mixed media
Value: 40% of the total marks for the unit
Length: 2000 words, or 5-6 minute video, or audio-narrated powerpoint of 10-15 slides, or photo essay supported with 500 words
Due: Week 12
Task description
Attend the event nominated in Assignment 2.
Briefly describe the event – name, date, location and venue, and attendance numbers and demographics.
Describe and critically analyse the positive and negative impacts of the event utilising the principles of sustainability and the triple bottom line approach.
Describe and discuss how the event’s program elements related to the aims and objectives identified in Assignment Two.
Describe and discuss the marketing of the event and how the promoted experience related to the actualisation and attainment of its aims and objectives (include actual audience details – numbers, demographic composition).
Provide recommendations for future activities which clearly identify issues relevant to event management.
The task is a report on the event nominated in Assignment Two that uses the triple bottom line approach to identify and critically analyse - the attainment of the events aims and objectives; the positive and negative economic, environmental, sociocultural impacts of the event; and recommendations which clearly identify issues relevant to the event management.
The evaluation report should use creativity in the approach to the task style.
The assignment may be presented as a 2000 word essay, or a 5-6 minute video, or an audio-narrated powerpoint of 10-15 slides, or a photo essay supported with 500 words. The process for submission of this assessment will depend upon the format chosen and prior negotiation with the tutor is required.
.
Assignment The Nurse Leader as Knowledge WorkerThe term kn.docxlynettearnold46882
Assignment: The Nurse Leader as Knowledge Worker
The term “knowledge worker” was first coined by management consultant and author Peter Drucker in his book,
The Landmarks of Tomorrow
(1959). Drucker defined knowledge workers as high-level workers who apply theoretical and analytical knowledge, acquired through formal training, to develop products and services. Does this sound familiar?
Nurses are very much knowledge workers. What has changed since Drucker’s time are the ways that knowledge can be acquired. The volume of data that can now be generated and the tools used to access this data have evolved significantly in recent years and helped healthcare professionals (among many others) to assume the role of knowledge worker in new and powerful ways.
In this Assignment, you will consider the evolving role of the nurse leader and how this evolution has led nurse leaders to assume the role of knowledge worker. You will prepare a PowerPoint presentation with an infographic (graphic that visually represents information, data, or knowledge. Infographics are intended to present information quickly and clearly.) to educate others on the role of nurse as knowledge worker.
Reference: Drucker, P. (1959).
The landmarks of tomorrow. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.
To Prepare:
Review the concepts of informatics as presented in the Resources.
Reflect on the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.
Consider how knowledge may be informed by data that is collected/accessed.
The Assignment:
Explain the concept of a knowledge worker.
Define and explain nursing informatics and highlight the role of a nurse leader as a knowledge worker.
Develop a simple infographic to help explain these concepts.
Your PowerPoint should Include the hypothetical scenario you originally shared in the Discussion Forum. Include your examination of the data that you could use, how the data might be accessed/collected, and what knowledge might be derived from that data. Be sure to incorporate feedback received from your colleagues’ responses.
.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
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Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
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Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Diabetes Type 1 Sara MartinezChamberlain College of Nursing.docx
1. Diabetes Type 1
Sara Martinez
Chamberlain College of Nursing
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology
2018
1
1
What is Diabetes
Body Does not make or properly use insulin: (ADA,2005)
No insulin production
Insufficient insulin production
Resistance to insulin’s effects
No insulin to move glucose from blood into cells
High blood glucose means:
Fuel loss, cells starve
Short and long term complications
2
Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body does not make
or properly
2. use insulin, a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches,
and other
food into energy by moving glucose from blood into the cells (
American Diabetes Association, 2005).
People with diabetes have increased blood glucose (sugar)
levels for one or
more of the following three reasons: Either
No insulin is being produced,
Insulin production is insufficient, and/or
The body is resistant to the effects of insulin.
As a result, high levels of glucose build up in the blood, and
spill into the
urine and out of the body. The body loses its main source of
fuel and cells
are deprived of glucose, a needed source of energy. High blood
glucose
levels may result in short and long term complications over
time ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017).
2
Understanding Diabetes Type 1
Auto immune disorder
Insulin – producing cells destroyed
Daily insulin replacement necessary
Age of onset: usually childhood, young adults
Most prevalent type of diabetes in children and adolescent’s
(CDC,2017)
3
3. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of diseases characterized by
high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin
production, insulin action, or both (CDC,2017).
The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of
multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia
with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism
resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or
both.
The effects of diabetes mellitus include long–term damage,
dysfunction and failure of various organs.
Diabetes is a condition where the body fails to utilize the
ingested glucose properly. This could be due to lack of the
hormone insulin or because the insulin that is available is not
working effectively. Diabetes is the fastest growing long term
disease that affects millions of people worldwide (CDC,2017).
According to the charity Diabetes UK, more than two million
people in the UK have the condition and up to 750,000 more are
unaware of having the condition. In the United States 25.8
million people or 8.3% of the population have diabetes. Of
these, 7.0 million have undiagnosed diabetes. In 2010, about 1.9
million new cases of diabetes were diagnosed in population over
20 years. It is said that if this trend continues, 1 in 3 Americans
would be diabetic by 2050 (Mayo Clinic, 2017).
Type 1 diabetes is a disease of the immune system, which is the
body’s system for fighting infection.
In people with type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the
beta cells, the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas, and
destroys them.
4. The pancreas can no longer produce insulin, so people with type
1 diabetes need to take insulin daily to live.
Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age, but the disease develops
most often in children and young adults.
Type 1 diabetes accounts for about 5 to 10 percent of diagnosed
diabetes in the United States (ADA,2005).
3
Risk factors and Etiology Diabetes Type 1
The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown. Usually, the
body's own immune system — which normally fights harmful
bacteria and viruses mistakenly destroys the insulin-producing
(islet, or islets of Langerhans) cells in the pancreas. Other
possible causes include: (CDC,2017)
Genetics
Exposure to viruses and other environmental factors
Family history
Age
4
Family history. Anyone with a parent or sibling with type 1
diabetes has a slightly increased risk of developing the
condition. Family history may be important in some cases of
type 1 diabetes. If you have a family member with type 1
diabetes, your risk of developing increases (CDC,2017).
5. However, not everyone who is at risk for type 1 diabetes
develops the condition.
Genetics. The presence of certain genes indicates an increased
risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Several genes have been
tentatively linked to this condition,
Geography. The incidence of type 1 diabetes tends to increase
as you travel away from the equator.
Age. Although type 1 diabetes can appear at any age, it appears
at two noticeable peaks(CDC,2017). The first peak occurs in
children between 4 and 7 years old, and the second is in
children between 10 and 14 years old.
Though scientists have made much progress in predicting who is
at risk for developing type 1 diabetes, they do not know exactly
what triggers the immune system’s attack on beta
cells.(autoimmunity) They believe that type 1 diabetes is due to
a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
4
Healthcare provider implications of prevention
Currently, there is no established means by which to prevent the
onset of DM1, but research is ongoing (Schub & Parks, 2017).
There are some possible preventions are:
Vitamin Supplementation
Probiotic use in infancy
Identification of DM1
5
6. Vitamin D supplementation in early childhood might offer some
degree of protection against DM1 Investigators who conducted a
meta-analysis of four case-control studies including a total of
6,455 participants concluded that vitamin D supplementation in
early childhood is associated with a 29% reduction in risk of
DM1- However, researchers in Sweden found that maternal use
of a multivitamin supplement containing vitamin D during
pregnancy had no effect on risk of developing DM in their
children–The American Diabetes Association (ADA,2005),
makes no nutritional recommendations for preventing DM1
Probiotic use in infancy may be associated with reduced risk of
DM1–Researchers in a study of 7,473 children who were
genetically predisposed to DM1 (due to carriage of HLA-DR-
DQ alleles) in Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the United States
found that probiotic supplementation during the first27 days of
life was associated with a 34% decreased risk of islet
autoimmunity. This overall decrease was almost entirely
accounted for by children with the DR3/4 genotype, in whom
early probiotic exposure decreased risk of islet autoimmunity by
60%; children with other genotypes did not benefit from
probiotic use(CDC,2017).
Identification of a DM1-causing virus and the autoantibodies
associated with pancreatic beta cell destruction could make the
development of a preventive vaccine possible(6)–
Autoantibodies against the antigen glutamic acid decarboxylase-
65 (GAD65), which are frequently found in patients withDM1
of recent onset, may be a target of specific immunotherapy
using recombinant human GAD65; although this is a feasible
and promising approach, it is in early stages of development
(CDC,2017).
5
Health Care provider implications for prevention of Type 1
7. Diabetes
Become knowledgeable about Type 1 Diabetes
Educate parents/patients, Especially those with a family history
of Type 1 Diabetes
Educate parents/patients about possible protective factors
against Type 1 Diabetes
Encourage parents/patients to dee a diabetes specialist for risk
evaluation
(CDC, 2017)
6
Become knowledgeable about DM1, including risk factors for
the disease and potential prevention strategies, so you can
accurately assess your patients’ personal characteristics and
health education needs; share this information with your
colleagues› Education is best provided with sensitivity to the
age and developmental stage of the child, with regard to both
the educational approach and the content of the material
delivered. For the preschooler, education likely will be directed
toward the parents and primary caregivers, whereas for most
adolescents (after consideration of their emotional and cognitive
development), education should be directed primarily toward
the patient, with parents included. Since small, albeit often
insignificant inconsistencies in information can be confusing to
a distraught family, education should be provided to all
caregivers simultaneously if possible.
Educate parents/patients, especially those with a family history
of DM1, about factors that might increase the risk for DM1in
children, including- enterovirus infection reduced exposure to
8. UVB light and subsequent low vitamin D levels- consumption
of nitrates (i.e., substances that are used as food additives in
meat products and are also found in potatoes, cabbage, carrots,
and beet root), nitrites (i.e., substances that are used as food
additives in sausage), and N-nitroso compounds (i.e., substances
that are found in bacon, smoked fish, and smoked sausage)•
consumption of cow’s milk in infancy• increased weight for
height› (CDC,2017).
Educate parents/patients about possible protective factors
against DM1, including• breastfeeding for a longer period of
time• vitamin D and/or probiotic supplementation in infancy
and early childhood›
Encourage your patients and the parents of your pediatric
patients to ask their primary clinician for a referral to a diabetes
specialist to evaluate risk for DM1, if suspected
6
Complications of Diabetes Type 1
Heart and blood vessel disease(ADA, 2005)
Nerve damage (neuropathy)
Kidney damage (nephropathy)
Eye damage
Foot damage
Skin and mouth conditions
Pregnancy complications
7
9. Over time, type 1 diabetes complications can affect major
organs in your body, including heart, blood vessels, nerves,
eyes and kidneys. Maintaining a normal blood sugar level can
dramatically reduce the risk of many complications.
Eventually, diabetes complications may be disabling or even
life-threatening (ADA,2005).
Heart and blood vessel disease. Diabetes dramatically increases
your risk of various cardiovascular problems, including
coronary artery disease with chest pain (angina), heart attack,
stroke, narrowing of the arteries (atherosclerosis) and high
blood pressure.
Nerve damage (neuropathy). Excess sugar can injure the walls
of the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) that nourish your nerves,
especially in the legs. This can cause tingling, numbness,
burning or pain that usually begins at the tips of the toes or
fingers and gradually spreads upward. Poorly controlled blood
sugar could cause you to eventually lose all sense of feeling in
the affected limbs.
Damage to the nerves that affect the gastrointestinal tract can
cause problems with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation.
For men, erectile dysfunction may be an issue.
Kidney damage (nephropathy). The kidneys contain millions of
tiny blood vessel clusters that filter waste from your blood.
Diabetes can damage this delicate filtering system. Severe
damage can lead to kidney failure or irreversible end-stage
kidney disease, which requires dialysis or a kidney transplant.
Eye damage. Diabetes can damage the blood vessels of the
retina (diabetic retinopathy), potentially causing blindness.
Diabetes also increases the risk of other serious vision
conditions, such as cataracts and glaucoma.
Foot damage. Nerve damage in the feet or poor blood flow to
the feet increases the risk of various foot complications. Left
10. untreated, cuts and blisters can become serious infections that
may ultimately require toe, foot or leg amputation.
Skin and mouth conditions. Diabetes may leave you more
susceptible to infections of the skin and mouth, including
bacterial and fungal infections. Gum disease and dry mouth also
are more likely.
Pregnancy complications. High blood sugar levels can be
dangerous for both the mother and the baby. The risk of
miscarriage, stillbirth and birth defects increases when diabetes
isn't well-controlled. For the mother, diabetes increases the risk
of diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic eye problems (retinopathy),
pregnancy-induced high blood pressure and preeclampsia.
Sexual Dysfunction - loss of libido and erectile dysfunction
In its most severe forms, ketoacidosis or a non–ketotic
hyperosmolar state may develop and lead to stupor, coma and,
in absence of effective treatment, death (CDC,2017).
7
8
(AMSL, 2017)
The symptoms of type 1 diabetes usually develop over a short
period of time. They include increased thirst and urination,
constant hunger, weight loss, and blurred vision ( AMSL,2017).
Children may also feel very tired all the time. If not diagnosed
and treated with insulin, the person with type 1 diabetes will
eventually lapse into a life-threatening condition known as
diabetic ketoacidosis or DKA
regardless of excreting some of the glucose through waste, the
blood levels continue to be elevated. When this is occurring,
fluids are pulled outside the intercellular space into general
11. blood circulation causing frequent urination called polyuria.
Due to large volumes of urine, the body becomes dehydrated
and the natural sense of thirst occurs to coach the body into
consuming more fluids, identified as polydipsia (AMSL,2017).
Also, since glucose or sugar is unable to enter the cell and
provide it the energy it needs the body triggers you to eat to
consume sugars and provide it energy. Since the body doesn’t
create insulin to allow the sugars in hyperglycemia continues.
The state that triggers your body to see nutrition is called
polyphagia (AMSL,2017).
8
Diagnosis of Diabetes Type 1
Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test
Random blood sugar
Fasting blood sugar
Glucose Tolerance Test
Urine Test
(Mayo Clinic, 2017)
9
Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test. This blood test indicates your
average blood sugar level for the past two to three months. It
measures the percentage of blood sugar attached to the oxygen-
carrying protein in red blood cells (hemoglobin). The higher
your blood sugar levels, the more hemoglobin you'll have with
sugar attached. An A1C level of 6.5 percent or higher on two
separate tests indicates diabetes.
12. If the A1C test isn't available, or if you have certain conditions
that can make the A1C test inaccurate — such as pregnancy or
an uncommon form of hemoglobin (hemoglobin variant)
Random blood sugar test. A blood sample will be taken at a
random time and may be confirmed by repeat testing. Blood
sugar values are expressed in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)
or millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Regardless of when you last
ate, a random blood sugar level of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or
higher suggests diabetes, especially when coupled with any of
the signs and symptoms of diabetes, such as frequent urination
and extreme thirst.
Fasting blood sugar test. A blood sample will be taken after an
overnight fast. A fasting blood sugar level less than 100 mg/dL
(5.6 mmol/L) is normal. A fasting blood sugar level from 100 to
125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) is considered prediabetes. If it's
126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or higher on two separate tests, you have
diabetes.
If you're diagnosed with diabetes, your doctor may also run
blood tests to check for autoantibodies that are common in type
1 diabetes.
Glucose Tolerance Test- This measures your blood sugar before
and after you drink a liquid that contains glucose. You’ll fast
(not eat) overnight before the test and have your blood drawn to
determine your fasting blood sugar level. Then you’ll drink the
liquid and have your blood sugar level checked 1 hour, 2 hours,
and possibly 3 hours afterward. At 2 hours, a blood sugar level
of 140 mg/dL or lower is considered normal, 140 to 199 mg/dL
indicates you have prediabetes, and 200 mg/dL or higher
indicates you have diabetes.
Urine- random urine will be tested for the presence of ketones (
produced when your body burns fat for energy)
13. 9
Managing and Treatment of Diabetes Type 1
NO cure at this time!
Treatment for type 1 diabetes includes:
Taking insulin
Carbohydrate, fat and protein counting
Frequent blood sugar monitoring
Eating healthy foods
Exercising regularly and maintaining a healthy weight.
(Mayo Clinic, 2017)
10
The following principles are recommended as dietary guidelines
for people with diabetes:
Dietary fat should provide 25-35% of total intake of calories but
saturated fat intake should not exceed 10% of total energy.
Cholesterol consumption should be restricted and limited to 300
mg or less daily(CDC,2017).
Protein intake can range between 10-15% total energy (0.8-1
14. g/kg of desirable body weight). Requirements increase for
children and during pregnancy. Protein should be derived from
both animal and vegetable sources.
Carbohydrates provide 50-60% of total caloric content of the
diet. Carbohydrates should be complex and high in fibre.
Excessive salt intake is to be avoided. It should be particularly
restricted in people with hypertension and those with
nephropathy (CDC,2017).
Making diabetes a part of life, such as maintain blood glucose
control is a juggling act, 24 hours a day , 7 days a week
The key to optimal diabetes control is a careful balance or
balancing of food, physical activity, and insulin and/or oral
medication.
As a general rule:
Insulin medication and physical activity makes blood glucose
levels go down.
Food makes blood glucose levels go up.
Several other factors, such as stress, illness or injury, also can
affect blood glucose levels
10
Pharmacological Interventions for Diabetes Type 1
Treatment and Management
Insulin
Short acting insulin
Rapid- acting Insulin
Intermediate- acting insulin (NPH)
Long-Acting insulin
15. 11
(Mayo Clinic, 2017)
Examples of short-acting (regular) insulin include Humulin R
and Novolin R.
Rapid-acting insulin examples are insulin glulisine (Apidra),
insulin lispro (Humalog) and insulin aspart (Novolog).
Long-acting insulins include insulin glargine (Lantus, Toujeo
Solostar), insulin detemir (Levemir) and insulin degludec
(Tresiba).
Intermediate-acting insulins include insulin NPH (Novolin N,
Humulin N) (Mayo Clinic, 2017).
The majority of patients will require more than one daily
injection if good glycaemic control is to be achieved. However,
a once-daily injection of an intermediate acting preparation may
be effectively used in some patients.
Twice-daily mixtures of short- and intermediate-acting insulin
is a commonly used regimen.
In some cases, a mixture of short- and intermediate-acting
insulin may be given in the morning. Further doses of short-
acting insulin are given before lunch and the evening meal and
an evening dose of intermediate-acting insulin is given at
bedtime.
Other regimens based on the same principles may be used.
A regimen of multiple injections of short-acting insulin before
the main meals, with an appropriate dose of an intermediate-
acting insulin given at bedtime, may be used, particularly when
strict glycaemic control is mandatory (Mayo Clinic, 2017).
16. 11
Overview of Insulin and Action
12
(AMSL,2017)
12
Types of Insulin
13
(AMSL,2017)
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) can happen quickly and needs
to be treated immediately. It’s most often caused by too much
insulin, waiting too long for a meal or snack, not eating enough,
or getting extra physical activity. Hypoglycemia symptoms are
different from person to person; make sure you know your
specific symptoms, which could include:
Shakiness
Nervousness or anxiety
Sweating, chills, or clamminess
Irritability or impatience
Dizziness and difficulty concentrating
Hunger or nausea
Blurred vision
Weakness or fatigue
Anger, stubbornness, or sadness
If you have hypoglycemia several times a week, talk to your
doctor to see if your treatment needs to be adjusted.
17. 13
Frequent blood sugar monitoring
Frequency of monitoring dependent on type of insulin therapy
Checking your blood sugar
Recording your blood sugar in a log
Latest way to monitor blood sugar continuously
14
(CDC,2017)
Depending on what type of insulin therapy you select or require,
you may need to check and record your blood sugar level at
least four times a day.
Blood glucose monitoring shows your current blood glucose
(sugar) level. High bloodsugar over a long time may cause
problems with your heart, eyes, kidneys, nerves, orfeet. When
you don’t monitor blood sugar, it’s like driving down the street
with yourwindshield covered up. You can’t see where you’re
going, and you’re likely to have anaccident and get
hurt.Monitoring shows how food, medicine, exercise, and stress
affect your blood sugar. Askyour medical team how often to
check your blood sugar level. They will also help youdecide the
target range in which most of your blood sugar readings should
fall.Your medical team will help you see patterns in your blood
sugar levels. If a reading at acertain time of day is often out of
the target range, you can figure out how to control it.
The American Diabetes Association recommends testing blood
sugar levels before meals and snacks, before bed, before
exercising or driving, and if you suspect you have low blood
sugar. Careful monitoring is the only way to make sure that
18. your blood sugar level remains within your target range — and
more frequent monitoring can lower A1C levels (ADA,2005).
Even if you take insulin and eat on a rigid schedule, blood sugar
levels can change unpredictably. You'll learn how your blood
sugar level changes in response to food, activity, illness,
medications, stress, hormonal changes and alcohol.
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is the newest way to
monitor blood sugar levels, and may be especially helpful for
preventing hypoglycemia. When used by people older than 25,
the devices have been shown to lower A1C.
Continuous glucose monitors attach to the body using a fine
needle just under the skin that checks blood glucose level every
few minutes. CGM isn't yet considered as accurate as standard
blood sugar monitoring, so at this time it's still important to
check your blood sugar levels manually.
14
Diet- Carbohydrate, fat and protein counting
Dietary treatment should aim at: (Gottlieb,2015)
Making healthily food choices
Ensuing weight control
Providing nutritional requirements
15
Diet is a basic part of management in every case. Treatment
cannot be effective unless adequate attention is given to
ensuring appropriate nutrition.
19. center your diet on nutritious, low-fat, high-fiber foods such as:
Fruits
Vegetables
Whole grains
Your dietitian will recommend that you eat fewer animal
products and refined carbohydrates, such as white bread and
sweets. This healthy-eating plan is recommended even for
people without diabetes (Gottlieb,2015).
You'll need to learn how to count the amount of carbohydrates
in the foods you eat so that you can give yourself enough
insulin to properly metabolize those carbohydrates. A registered
dietitian can help you create a meal plan that fits your needs.
15
Exercise
Physical activity
Minimum of 30 to 60 min of moderate physical exercise daily
Example- Walking, running, aerobic exercise
Any sort of physical activity
Before exercise it is suggested to intake 15 g of carbohydrate
Example- sports drink , juice or glucose tablet
Physical exercise should be encouraged and sedentary life style
should be discouraged
(Mayo Clinic, 2017)
16
Physical activity promotes weight reduction and improves
insulin sensitivity, thus lowering blood glucose levels.
20. Together with dietary treatment, a programme of regular
physical activity and exercise should be considered for each
person. Such a programme must be tailored to the individual’s
health status and fitness (Mayo Clinic, 2017).
People should, however, be educated about the potential risk of
hypoglycaemia and how to avoid it.
Everyone needs regular aerobic exercise, and people who have
type 1 diabetes are no exception. First, get your doctor's OK to
exercise. Then choose activities you enjoy, such as walking or
swimming, and make them part of your daily routine. Aim for at
least 150 minutes of aerobic exercise a week, with no more than
two days without any exercise (Mayo Clinic, 2017). The goal
for children is at least an hour of activity a day.
Remember that physical activity lowers blood sugar. If you
begin a new activity, check your blood sugar level more often
than usual until you know how that activity affects your blood
sugar levels. You might need to adjust your meal plan or insulin
doses to compensate for the increased activity.
16
Self-Care of Diabetes
Patients should be educated to practice self-care. This allows
the patient to assume responsibility and control of his / her own
diabetes management. Self-care should include: (ADA, 2005)
Blood glucose monitoring
Body weight monitoring
Foot-care
Personal hygiene
21. Healthy lifestyle/diet or physical activity
Identify targets for control
Stopping smoking
17
Blood glucose monitoring - Your doctor will advise you how
often you should check your blood sugar level.
Body Weight Monitoring - Many factors affect how well
diabetes is controlled. Many of these factors are controlled by
the person with diabetes, including how much and what is eaten,
how frequently the blood sugar is monitored, physical activity
levels, and accuracy and consistency of medication dosing.
Even small changes can affect blood sugar control.
Eating a consistent amount of food every day and taking
medications as directed can greatly improve blood sugar control
and decrease the risk of diabetes-related complications, such as
coronary artery disease, kidney disease, and nerve damage. In
addition, these measures impact weight control. A dietitian can
help to create a food plan that is tailored to your medical needs,
lifestyle, and personal preferences( ADA, 2005).
Foot Care- inspect your feet every day, and seek care early if
you do get a foot injury. Make sure your health care provider
checks your feet at least once a year - more often if you have
foot problems.
Personal Hygiene- in the diabetic patient refers primarily to
cleanliness. Careful and frequent cleansing of the skin should
be emphasized. Immediate attention to all skin abrasions will
22. often prevent serious problems.
Healthy lifestyle/Physical Activity -Exercising regularly can
help to lose weight and keep it off. The recommended amount of
exercise is 30 minutes per day most days of the week. People
who take insulin should check their blood sugar level before
and after exercising. If exercise is vigorous and prolonged
(more than thirty minutes), check your blood sugar every 15
minutes (if the exercise regimen is new and will be used again).
Frequent monitoring can help to get a sense of what effect
exercise has on your blood sugar level.
Identify targets for control- Your doctor will advise you what
your targets for control are
Stop smoking - Smokers also have a harder time controlling
their blood glucose levels, because insulin resistance is
increased by smoking. Plus its bad for you.
17
Conclusion of Diabetes Type 1
What is diabetes type 1
Cause of Type 1 Diabetes
Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes
Possible long term complications
Treatment and Management of Type 1 Diabetes
(Gottieb, 2015)
18
What is diabetes and what causes Type 1 diabetes?
23. Diabetes occurs when the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood
becomes too high. Normally, after we eat, various foods are
broken down in the gut into sugars which are then absorbed into
the body. The main sugar is called glucose. To remain healthy,
your blood glucose level should not go too high or too low. A
hormone called insulin helps to take glucose from the
bloodstream into various cells of the body. This helps to keep
the blood sugar normal. Insulin is made by special cells in the
pancreas. In Type 1 diabetes the pancreas stops making insulin,
and so the blood glucose remains high. This occurs because the
immune system makes antibodies which destroy the insulin-
making cells in the pancreas. It is not known why the immune
system does this. Type 1 diabetes usually first develops in
children or young adults (Gottieb, 2015).
What are the symptoms of Type 1 diabetes?
Symptoms tend to develop quite quickly, over a few days or
weeks. They include: excess thirst, passing large amounts of
urine, tiredness, weight loss, and feeling generally unwell. After
treatment is started these symptoms soon go. But, without
treatment, the blood glucose level will go very high which can
cause you to become very ill, lapse into a coma, and die.
Possible long term complications which may develop?
Even a mildly raised glucose level which does not cause any
symptoms in the short-term can affect the blood vessels in the
long-term. This may lead to some complications (often years
after diabetes is first diagnosed). These include: an increased
risk of heart disease, stroke and poor circulation; eye and vision
problems; kidney damage; nerve damage; serious foot problems;
impotence. In general, the risk of developing complications is
reduced if the blood glucose level is well controlled, and other
risk factors such as high blood pressure are dealt with.
What is the treatment for Type 1 diabetes?
Treatment to keep your blood glucose level as near normal as
possible. You will need insulin injections for the rest of your
life. Most people take 2-4 injections each day. There are various
types of insulin and the one advised will be tailored to your
24. needs. You should aim to eat a low fat, high fiber diet with
plenty of starchy foods, fruit and vegetables. But, you will need
to know how to balance the right amount of insulin for the
amount of food that you eat. So, you will normally be given a
lot of instruction and advice from a dietician and diabetes nurse
(Gottieb, 2015). To reduce your risk of future complications
your blood pressure should be well controlled. Medication may
be needed for this. In addition you are strongly advised: not to
smoke, to exercise regularly, and to lose weight if you are
overweight. Some of these lifestyle issues may not seem to be
relevant at first to young children with diabetes. But, as
children grow, a healthy lifestyle should be greatly encouraged
to reduce the risk of developing complications in the long-term.
Most people with Type 1 diabetes attend a diabetes clinic where
doctors, nurses, dieticians, podiatrists, etc., advise on treatment,
and aim to detect any complications as early as possible.
18
Implication for Nurse Practitioner
Begins with Trust
Relationship Building for Behavioral Change
Communication and Teamwork
19
Begins with Trust -Perhaps our most important skill is the
ability to build a trust-based relationship with the patient and
the patient’s defined support system. Once we understand the
importance of trust, it shifts how we think about intervening.
Sensitive, nonjudgmental empathy is crucial, because the
patient’s process is often fraught with self-judgment as he or
she struggles to achieve desired glucose, weight loss, exercise
25. and other goals. There is often the sense among patients that
they could be doing better. Sometimes this self-judgment
manifests as defensive behavior; sometimes it borders on self-
loathing; but there is often shame and blame in trying to manage
their illness.
Relationship Building for Behavioral Change - What does all
this mean, specifically, in practice? From the outset, not only
must we take a good medical, family and social history and
discern the current treatment plan (including current
medications and frequency of glucose monitoring), but it is also
of utmost importance to know:
How the patient and family have coped with other major
stressors in their lives
Their experience with diabetes before they or their child was
diagnosed with it (e.g., did they have a family member who died
secondary to diabetes complications)
Their level of confidence in their ability to manage diabetes
Their greatest current challenge with diabetes
Communication and Team Work - Last but not least,
communication extends to working effectively at the center of
team-based care. Sometimes this can mean ensuring that
everyone involved is clear on the patient’s status and next steps,
but it can also mean understanding when we need – and how
best – to consult with a physician on difficult medical cases,
such as when a child requires excess insulin, which may
indicate other metabolic disorders or something esoteric on the
medical side. How often to consult with a physician depends on
experience, but a beginning NP will likely ask for consultation
frequently.
The point is that each role is important – from the medical
assistant triaging a child, to the RN or dietitian trying to teach a
family about diabetes, to the endocrinologist or NP fine-tuning
the insulin regimen. It is our responsibility to use our intimate
understanding of all these roles to maximize the efficacy of the
entire team so that we help patients and families live the full
26. and rewarding lives they deserve.
19
References
American Diabetes Association. ( 2005). Diabetes Care.
Retrieved from:
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/diacare/28/1/186.full.pd
f
AMSL. (2017). Diabetes. Retrieved from:
http://amsldiabetes.com.au/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Type 1
Diabetes. Retrieved from:
https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/type1.html
Gottlieb, P. A. (2015). What defines disease in an age of
genetics and biomarkers?. Current Opinion in Endocrinology,
Diabetes and Obesity, 22(4), 296-299.
Mayo Clinic. (2017). Type 1 Diabetes. Retrieved from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-
diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20353011
Schub, T. B.,& Parks, J. B. (2017). Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1:
Risk Factors and Prevention. CINAHL Nursing Guide,
20
20
75. Course Outcomes
1. Analyze pathophysiological mechanisms associated with
select disease states.
5. Relate research findings to the management of patients with
complex pathophysiologic dysfunction.
Total Points Possible: 200 Points
Due Date: upload your presentation to the discussion by
Tuesday, 11:59 p.m. MT of Week 6
Requirements
For Week 6 of the course, there is no case study given to you by
the faculty. Instead you will be creating a recorded presentation
that demonstrates your understanding of a selected disease
process. This presentation will be uploaded into the course via
Kaltura (see course resource for directions).
Address the following Criteria:
1. Introduce the disease with a brief definition and description.
2. Discuss the Risk Factorsand the connection to theEtiology of
the initial injury to the cell/tissue/organ.
3. Discuss health care provider implications for prevention of
the disease.
4. Show the progression from the initial injury to the defect in
76. the tissue, organ and system functioning.
5. Link changes in the tissue, organ, and system functioning to
the initial presenting signs and symptoms seen in primary care
of the disease.
6. Provide a brief description of how the disease is diagnosed.
7. Provide a brief description of the pharmacological and non-
pharmacological interventions used to treat and manage the
disease.
8. Summarizes the disease on final slide with concluding
remarks; includes implication for nurse practitioner practice.
9. Utilizes at least two current (within 5 years), peer-review
scholarly sources to support presentation content.
10. Reference slide and in-text citations depict references
correctly cited according to APA.
Presentation Guidelines:
· The presentation should include a PowerPoint presentation
which will be recorded using the instructions located in the
Course Resource section.
· The presentation should be no more than 15-20 minutes in
recorded length.
· The presentation should contain appropriate evidence to
support the information presented per APA format.
· Slides should be used as cues to topics and key concepts
without lengthy sentences and paragraphs- reading information
77. from slides is not professional and therefore not acceptable.
· Students need to demonstrate understanding and mastery of
content by discussion style presentation.
Technology Requirements
The instructions for using Kaltura are located in the Course
Resource section.Directions and Grading Criteria
Criterion
Exceptional
Outstanding or highest level of performance
Exceeds
Very good or high level of performance
Meets
Satisfactory level of performance
NeedsImprovement
Poor or failing level of performance
Developing
Unsatisfactory level of performance
Total Points Possible = 200
Application of Course Knowledge
70 Points
78. 61 Points
57 Points
28 Points
0 Points
The recorded presentation includes clear presentation of all
required concepts:
-Introduction of disease with brief definition and description.
-Risk factors with link to etiology provided.
-Implications of health care provider in disease prevention.
-Shows progression from the initial injury to the defect in the
tissue, organ, and system functioning.
- Links changes in the tissue, organ, and system functioning to
the initial presenting signs and symptoms seen in primary care
of the disease.
- Provides a brief description of how the disease is diagnosed.
- Provide a brief description of the pharmacological and non-
pharmacological interventions used to treat and manage the
disease.
All concepts are presented with logical thought process.
The recorded presentation includes clear presentation of all
required concepts and linkages, but may lack some applicability
to topic or misses one criteria in some way.
79. The recorded presentation has limited perspective, unclear
linkages, insights and/or applicability to topic or does not meet
one or more of the criteria of the assignment.
The recorded presentation contains inaccurate information and
is not consistent with current practice. No clear linkages
provided. Analysis is minimal.
The recorded presentation offers no insight or application to the
assignment or course content.
Support from Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
60 Points
52 Points
49 Points
24 Points
0 Points
Scholarly literature is present throughout the presentation.
Guidelines regarding disease prevention and pharmacological
and non-pharmacological interventions are addressed and
clearly analyzed.
Where applicable in the recorded presentation, analysis is
80. partially supported by evidence from appropriate sources
published within the last 5 years.
In-text citations and full references are provided.
Evidence-based, peer reviewed journal article cited but may not
fully support disease prevention and pharmacological and non-
pharmacological interventions.
Where applicable in the recorded presentation, analysis is
partially supported by evidence.
Sources may not be scholarly in nature or may be older than 5
years. Guidelines are not used.
In-text citations and/or full references may be incomplete or
missing.
Citations to non-scholarly websites given as rationale to support
disease prevention and pharmacological and non-
pharmacological interventions.
Presentation contains no evidence-based practice reference or
citation.
50 Points
44 Points
41 Points
20 Points
0 Points
81. Summary of Disease Process
Summarizes the disease using concise statements that reflect all
content covered in the presentation.
Implications for practice addressed.
Summarizes the disease using concise statements that reflect all
content covered in the presentation.
Implications for practice not clearly evident.
Summarizes the disease using concise statements with some
content not reflected in the summary.
Implications for practice not clearly evident or missing.
Summary of the disease process is lacking concise statements
and all content not reflected in the summary.
Implications for practice not addressed or not clearly evident.
No summary of the disease process provided.
Implications for practice not addressed.
Professionalism/ Organization
10 Points
9 Points
8 Points
4 Points
0 Points
The recorded presentation has clear audio/video. The content
flows in a logical, smooth manner. Verbal pauses are limited or
absent. Student speaks in a clear cadence and speed.
82. The recorded presentation is lacking 1-2 components from the
50 point criteria.
The recorded presentation is lacking 3-4 components from the
50 point criteria.
Presentation presents findings that are sometimes unclear to
follow and may not always be relevant to topic and concepts are
difficult to follow.
The audio/video are hard to hear/see. Slides contain lengthy
content (student reading from slides). Presentation style lacks
flow of ideas and thoughts.
Grammar, Syntax, APA
10 points
9 points
8 points
4 point
0 points
APA format, grammar, spelling, and/or punctuation are
accurate, or with zero to one errors.
Two to four errors in APA format, grammar, spelling, and
syntax noted.
Five to seven errors in APA format, grammar, spelling, and
syntax noted.
83. Eight to nine errors in APA format, grammar, spelling, and
syntax noted.
Post contains ten or greater errors in APA format, grammar,
spelling, and/or punctuation.
Total Points Possible= 200
NR507 W6 March 2018