Diabetes
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This document discusses the genetics of diabetes. It notes that while rare genetic conditions like cystic fibrosis can cause diabetes, most cases have a strong genetic component but are influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies have identified over 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with small individual risks for diabetes. Several of these SNPs have helped identify previously unknown genes linked to diabetes and its related conditions. However, genetic testing has not yet proven useful for predicting individual disease risk or altering treatment.
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This document discusses hypertension, or high blood pressure. It notes that hypertension affects around 50 million people in the US. The main types are primary hypertension, which has no known cause, and secondary hypertension, which is caused by another disease like kidney disease. Risk factors for hypertension include genetics, family history, obesity, stress, alcohol, sodium, tobacco, and age. Untreated hypertension can lead to heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and vision loss. African Americans have a higher risk than other populations. Treatment involves lifestyle changes and medication, with the goal of controlling blood pressure.
Pile foundation
The pile foundation uses piles to support walls, piers, and other structures. Piles can be placed individually or in clusters. Piles are used when loose soil extends to great depths, and transfer structural loads to harder soils below through end bearing and side friction. Common pile materials include timber, steel, and concrete. Piles can be load bearing, transmitting loads through end bearing and side friction, or non-load bearing, used as retaining walls or sheeting. Pile capacity is assessed through field load tests or theoretical calculations based on soil properties.
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Epidemiology , diagnosis and treatment of Hypertension
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Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to either lack of insulin production or resistance to insulin. It ranges from asymptomatic to causing severe health issues like cardiovascular disease if uncontrolled. Risk factors include genetics, obesity, physical inactivity, and diet. Prevention strategies involve education, screening high risk groups, early treatment, and ongoing management of the condition and related health factors.
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This document outlines the key components of preconception care, which includes performing a thorough risk assessment through medical history, family history, lifestyle factors, immunizations and testing for infectious diseases. The goals are to identify any conditions that could impact a pregnancy and allow for interventions to improve outcomes. A complete preconception evaluation involves counseling on nutrition, contraception, genetic risks and making any necessary referrals. Done correctly, preconception counseling can help reduce risks and complications during pregnancy through education and encouraging healthy habits prior to conception.
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diabetes-180101201516 (1).pdf
This document provides an overview of diabetes mellitus (DM), including its classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and types. It discusses:
1) DM is classified into type 1, type 2, and other types based on pathogenic processes leading to hyperglycemia. Type 1 is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to insulin deficiency. Type 2 is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.
2) The pathogenesis of type 1 DM involves genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers activating an autoimmune response against beta cells. For type 2 DM, insulin resistance develops from genetic and lifestyle factors, impairing insulin secretion over time and resulting in hyperglycemia.
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Diabetes Type 1 Sara MartinezChamberlain College of Nursing.docx
Diabetes Type 1
Sara Martinez
Chamberlain College of Nursing
NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology
2018
1
1
What is Diabetes
Body Does not make or properly use insulin: (ADA,2005)
No insulin production
Insufficient insulin production
Resistance to insulin’s effects
No insulin to move glucose from blood into cells
High blood glucose means:
Fuel loss, cells starve
Short and long term complications
2
Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body does not make or properly
use insulin, a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches, and other
food into energy by moving glucose from blood into the cells ( American Diabetes Association, 2005).
People with diabetes have increased blood glucose (sugar) levels for one or
more of the following three reasons: Either
No insulin is being produced,
Insulin production is insufficient, and/or
The body is resistant to the effects of insulin.
As a result, high levels of glucose build up in the blood, and spill into the
urine and out of the body. The body loses its main source of fuel and cells
are deprived of glucose, a needed source of energy. High blood glucose
levels may result in short and long term complications over time ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017).
2
Understanding Diabetes Type 1
Auto immune disorder
Insulin – producing cells destroyed
Daily insulin replacement necessary
Age of onset: usually childhood, young adults
Most prevalent type of diabetes in children and adolescent’s
(CDC,2017)
3
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of diseases characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both (CDC,2017).
The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.
The effects of diabetes mellitus include long–term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs.
Diabetes is a condition where the body fails to utilize the ingested glucose properly. This could be due to lack of the hormone insulin or because the insulin that is available is not working effectively. Diabetes is the fastest growing long term disease that affects millions of people worldwide (CDC,2017). According to the charity Diabetes UK, more than two million people in the UK have the condition and up to 750,000 more are unaware of having the condition. In the United States 25.8 million people or 8.3% of the population have diabetes. Of these, 7.0 million have undiagnosed diabetes. In 2010, about 1.9 million new cases of diabetes were diagnosed in population over 20 years. It is said that if this trend continues, 1 in 3 Americans would be diabetic by 2050 (Mayo Clinic, 2017).
Type 1 diabetes is a disease of the immune system, which is the body’s system for fighting infection.
In people with type 1 diabetes, the .
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This document provides an overview of childhood diabetes mellitus (DM). It discusses the classification, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and natural history of the various types of childhood DM. The main types covered are type 1 DM (T1DM), which results from autoimmune destruction of beta cells, and maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), which has a genetic cause. Risk factors for T1DM development include genetic susceptibility, particularly HLA alleles, as well as environmental triggers like certain viral infections. The disease progresses through stages from autoimmunity to near-complete beta cell loss and clinical presentation of hyperglycemia.
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Child Abuse and Addiction in Obesity_ crimson Publishers
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inflammatory bowel disease in elderly
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Diabetes PP
This document discusses diabetes, including the different types, causes, risk factors, management, treatment, and prevention. It provides statistics on the growing prevalence of diabetes in the United States and the economic and public health burden associated with the disease. The document also outlines innovative strategies and emerging technologies for managing diabetes.
Executive Summary DM and Pharmacogenetics
This document discusses the role of pharmacogenetics in diabetes mellitus (DM) and its treatment. It provides background on DM, noting it is a leading cause of death and its complications include blindness, renal failure and cardiovascular disease. For type 2 DM (T2DM), current treatments aim to lower blood glucose but do not eliminate risk of complications. The document explores how genetic variants identified through genome-wide association studies can help elucidate biological mechanisms underlying T2DM and response to pharmacological interventions. It provides a review of pharmacogenetic investigations into specific anti-diabetes medications and how understanding these genetics can help develop individualized treatment strategies for optimal glucose control and reduced adverse events.
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This document discusses childhood diabetes mellitus. It is authored by Prof. Dr. Saad S Al- Ani, a pediatric consultant and head of the pediatric department at Khorfakkan Hospital in Sharjah, UAE. The document discusses that rates of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are rising in children. It outlines symptoms of childhood diabetes like thirst, tiredness, weight loss, frequent urination, and behavioral issues. It also discusses treatment which primarily involves insulin therapy. Good glucose control and lifestyle changes are important for managing the condition. The prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes increased significantly in children over the last 5 years.
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This document summarizes a case study on a 52-year-old female patient diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and uncontrolled hypokalemia. The introduction provides background on electrolyte disorders commonly associated with diabetes and discusses causes of hypokalemia in diabetic patients. The objectives of the case study are to assess the patient's condition, provide nutrition interventions, and develop a sample one-day menu. Limitations include reliance on self-reported dietary intake and focus on one individual.
El sindrome metabolico
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This document discusses diabetes mellitus (DM). It defines DM and classifies it as type 1 or type 2. The pathogenesis of type 1 DM involves autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to insulin deficiency. Type 2 DM pathogenesis involves insulin resistance, abnormal insulin secretion, and various metabolic abnormalities such as lipid accumulation and inflammation in tissues. Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the risk and development of both types of DM.
Nutritional epidemiology
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Cancer, alzheimers, diabetes – what do all have in common?
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Roles of genetic and environmental factors in disease causation
Roles of genetic and environmental factors in disease causation
Child Abuse and Addiction in Obesity_ crimson Publishers
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A Case Study On A 52-Year-Old Female Patient Diagnosed With Type II Diabetes ...
Diabetes
- 1. Murugu Manickam, MD discloses no significant financial interests or other relationships with commercial interests. Presentation will not include discussion of commercial products or services and will not include unapproved or off-label usage of a commercial product or device. The following planning committee members have no significant financial interests or relationships with commercial interests to disclose, their educational unit does not have a financial interest or affiliation with an organization that may receive direct benefit from the subject of the proposed CME activity, and they will not be personally compensated for their role in the planning or execution of this proposed CME activity by an organization other than The Ohio State University: Amy Ehrlich, MA and Henry Zheng, PhD, MBA Genetics of Diabetes: An Overview Murugu Manickam, MD Clinical Assistant Professor Division of Human Genetics