Bluetooth mobileip
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•355 views
Consortium: Ericsson, Intel, IBM, Nokia, Toshiba… Scenarios: connection of peripheral devices loudspeaker, joystick, headset support of ad-hoc networking small devices, low-cost bridging of networks e.g., GSM via mobile phone - Bluetooth - laptop Simple, cheap, replacement of IrDA, low range, lower data rates, low-power Worldwide operation: 2.4 GHz Resistance to jamming and selective frequency fading: FHSS over 79 channels (of 1MHz each), 1600hops/s Coexistence of multiple piconets: like CDMA
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
zigbee full ppt
The document discusses Zigbee, a wireless networking standard based on IEEE 802.15.4. Some key points include:
- Zigbee allows for low-power wireless networks at data rates up to 250 kbps using the 2.4 GHz frequency band.
- It supports mesh networking topologies and can have thousands of nodes with extremely low duty cycles and long battery life.
- Zigbee networks operate using CSMA-CA channel access and can operate in beacon-enabled or non-beacon modes.
Introduction to networking
An introduction to networking as a part of one complete course about using communication modules along with PIC-Micro-controller
Thanks.
bluetooth
Bluetooth is a new global standard that allows wireless connectivity between various digital devices like computers, phones and other electronic equipment. It eliminates the need for cables by providing automatic synchronization between devices using a short-range radio link. Bluetooth devices operate in the unlicensed 2.4GHz spectrum and use fast frequency hopping to reduce interference. A Bluetooth network consists of up to eight devices connected to a single master device in a piconet structure. Bluetooth provides reliable data and voice transmission with low power consumption and can enable applications like cordless computer peripherals and wireless headsets.
Lecture intro to_wcdma
WCDMA uses spread spectrum technology to allow multiple users to access the same frequency band simultaneously. It spreads user data over a wide bandwidth through multiplication with unique spreading codes. At the receiver, the desired user's signal is recovered through correlation with the same spreading code. WCDMA employs RAKE receivers to combine signals from different propagation paths using maximal ratio combining for improved reception. Power control is used to manage interference between users communicating over the same frequency channel.
GSM RF Interview Q&A
This document provides summaries of key concepts in GSM RF including:
1) GSM PLMN services including bearer, tele, and supplementary services.
2) GSM 900 and DCS 1800 uplink and downlink frequency ranges.
3) Ciphering and authentication processes to encode transmissions and verify identities.
4) Equalization, interleaving, and other techniques used to extract signals and spread data across timeframes.
Bluetooth Intro
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances using short-wavelength UHF radio waves. It allows devices such as phones, laptops, printers, headphones, and others to connect to each other and exchange information without wires. The Bluetooth protocol stack includes layers like the baseband layer for link management and frequency hopping, L2CAP for data transmission, and various profiles for different applications.
Other Wireless Networks
This document discusses various wireless networks including WiMAX, cellular networks, and satellite networks. It describes WiMAX services and standards, the evolution of cellular networks from 1G to 4G, and key aspects of satellite network operations including orbit types, footprints, and frequency bands. Specifically, it outlines the characteristics of GEO, MEO, and LEO satellite orbits and provides examples for each type. The document provides a technical overview of the technologies, standards, and applications of several major wireless networking approaches.
MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT BY SAIKIRAN PANJALA
This document discusses multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. MIMO uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. It achieves spatial diversity to increase signal quality and reduce fading, and spatial multiplexing to increase data rates by sending independent data streams over the same frequency band. The capacity of MIMO systems grows linearly with the number of antennas and can be several times more than single input single output systems. MIMO provides higher signal to noise ratio and lower error probability compared to SISO, SIMO and MISO through exploitation of spatial diversity and multiplexing gains.
Recommended
zigbee full ppt
The document discusses Zigbee, a wireless networking standard based on IEEE 802.15.4. Some key points include:
- Zigbee allows for low-power wireless networks at data rates up to 250 kbps using the 2.4 GHz frequency band.
- It supports mesh networking topologies and can have thousands of nodes with extremely low duty cycles and long battery life.
- Zigbee networks operate using CSMA-CA channel access and can operate in beacon-enabled or non-beacon modes.
Introduction to networking
An introduction to networking as a part of one complete course about using communication modules along with PIC-Micro-controller
Thanks.
bluetooth
Bluetooth is a new global standard that allows wireless connectivity between various digital devices like computers, phones and other electronic equipment. It eliminates the need for cables by providing automatic synchronization between devices using a short-range radio link. Bluetooth devices operate in the unlicensed 2.4GHz spectrum and use fast frequency hopping to reduce interference. A Bluetooth network consists of up to eight devices connected to a single master device in a piconet structure. Bluetooth provides reliable data and voice transmission with low power consumption and can enable applications like cordless computer peripherals and wireless headsets.
Lecture intro to_wcdma
WCDMA uses spread spectrum technology to allow multiple users to access the same frequency band simultaneously. It spreads user data over a wide bandwidth through multiplication with unique spreading codes. At the receiver, the desired user's signal is recovered through correlation with the same spreading code. WCDMA employs RAKE receivers to combine signals from different propagation paths using maximal ratio combining for improved reception. Power control is used to manage interference between users communicating over the same frequency channel.
GSM RF Interview Q&A
This document provides summaries of key concepts in GSM RF including:
1) GSM PLMN services including bearer, tele, and supplementary services.
2) GSM 900 and DCS 1800 uplink and downlink frequency ranges.
3) Ciphering and authentication processes to encode transmissions and verify identities.
4) Equalization, interleaving, and other techniques used to extract signals and spread data across timeframes.
Bluetooth Intro
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances using short-wavelength UHF radio waves. It allows devices such as phones, laptops, printers, headphones, and others to connect to each other and exchange information without wires. The Bluetooth protocol stack includes layers like the baseband layer for link management and frequency hopping, L2CAP for data transmission, and various profiles for different applications.
Other Wireless Networks
This document discusses various wireless networks including WiMAX, cellular networks, and satellite networks. It describes WiMAX services and standards, the evolution of cellular networks from 1G to 4G, and key aspects of satellite network operations including orbit types, footprints, and frequency bands. Specifically, it outlines the characteristics of GEO, MEO, and LEO satellite orbits and provides examples for each type. The document provides a technical overview of the technologies, standards, and applications of several major wireless networking approaches.
MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT BY SAIKIRAN PANJALA
This document discusses multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. MIMO uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. It achieves spatial diversity to increase signal quality and reduce fading, and spatial multiplexing to increase data rates by sending independent data streams over the same frequency band. The capacity of MIMO systems grows linearly with the number of antennas and can be several times more than single input single output systems. MIMO provides higher signal to noise ratio and lower error probability compared to SISO, SIMO and MISO through exploitation of spatial diversity and multiplexing gains.
Wireless communicationpe-3855140
The 3rd generation wireless system was proposed in 1992 by Bellcore to provide wireless connectivity for local exchange carriers (LECs). It supports voice, data, and video over a 500 meter range using time division multiple access (TDMA) with frequency division duplexing (FDD) and adaptive power control. The system architecture includes subscriber units, radio ports, a radio port control unit, and an access manager to connect subscribers through the radio ports and control unit.
ZigBee module
A ZigBee module presentation as a part of one complete course about using communication modules along with PIC-Micro-controller
Thanks.
Utran evolution to all ip by me
The document discusses the evolution of UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) to an all-IP architecture. UTRAN originally contained base stations (Node Bs) and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) connected via various interfaces. It is evolving to the E-UTRAN architecture in LTE, which uses eNodeBs directly connected to the Evolved Packet Core via the S1 interface, removing the need for RNCs. This evolution allows for better support of IP-based services and improved capabilities like direct communication between eNodeBs.
Frame structure 5G
5G NR: Numerologies and Frame structure
Supported Transmission Numerologies
- A numerology is defined by sub-carrier spacing and Cyclic-Prefix overhead.
- In LTE there is only one subcarrier spacing which is 15kHz whereas in the case of 5G NR multiple subcarrier spacings are defined. Multiple subcarrier spacings can be derived by scaling a basic subcarrier spacing by an integer N.
- The numerology used can be selected independently of the frequency band although it is assumed not to use a very low subcarrier spacing at very high carrier frequencies. Flexible network and UE channel bandwidth are supported.
- The numerology is based on exponentially scalable sub-carrier spacing deltaF = 2µ × 15 kHz with µ = {0,1,3,4} for PSS, SSS and PBCH and µ = {0,1,2,3} for other channels.
- Normal CP is supported for all sub-carrier spacings, Extended CP is supported forµ=2.
- 12 consecutive sub-carriers form a physical resource block (PRB). Up to 275 PRBs are supported on a carrier.
- A resource defined by one subcarrier and one symbol is called as a resource element (RE).
Mimo in Wireless Communication
MIMO uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve wireless communication performance. It takes advantage of multipath propagation by using spatial diversity or spatial multiplexing. With spatial diversity, the same information is transmitted from different antennas to improve reliability and coverage. With spatial multiplexing, different data streams are transmitted from different antennas to increase data rates. MIMO can significantly increase capacity, quality, and spectral efficiency compared to single-input systems. It is used in technologies like 3G, 4G, and will be important for 5G networks.
Wsh96 Wilkinson
HIPERLAN is a European standard for wireless local area networks (WLANs) developed by ETSI to provide high performance networking comparable to wired Ethernet networks. HIPERLAN 1 operates in the 5GHz band and uses a frequency hopping spread spectrum technique along with advanced MAC and PHY layer protocols to provide data rates up to 23Mbps and support both asynchronous and isochronous traffic. HIPERLAN 2 is under development and aims to be compatible with asynchronous transfer mode networking to provide quality of service guarantees over wireless links.
CCNA Routing and Switching Lesson 05 - WANs - Eric Vanderburg
This document provides an overview of several WAN technologies including DSL, cable modems, ISDN, frame relay, ATM, and X.25. It describes key components and protocols used by each technology such as DSLAMs, MCNS, PPPoE, B channels, PVCs, DLCI, VPI/VCI, and more.
Telecom seminar
This document contains an agenda for a seminar on telecommunication systems from 0G to 5G. It discusses the history and key technologies of each generation including multiplexing used, subscriber identities, handover processes, roaming, and capacity per site. It also covers topics like frequency bands, mobility and session management protocols, authentication, and indoor radio planning tools.
Lecture#5 21 4-2013
WCDMA uses code division multiple access (CDMA) to allow multiple users to access the network simultaneously over the same frequency band. It uses orthogonal variable spreading factor codes and a scrambling code to discriminate between users. Power control is crucial to WCDMA to manage interference levels, maximize capacity, and ensure sufficient signal quality for all users. Tight power control allows the reuse of frequencies in each cell, improving spectral efficiency.
Multiple input & Multiple Output Systems
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems use multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. MIMO offers various diversity modes like time, frequency, and space diversity to decrease fading. It can also do spatial multiplexing to increase capacity without additional power or bandwidth. MIMO is used in many wireless standards like 802.11n, LTE, and is key to improving data rates towards 1Gbps while maintaining reliability. However, MIMO systems also face challenges of increased hardware complexity, power consumption, and processing requirements.
Network technology paper
This document contains questions about network technology concepts. It asks about EIGRP metrics, examples of MAC address types, how services like HTTP, FTP, DHCP and DNS work and relate to ARP, administrative distances of routing protocols, TCP and UDP at the transport layer and three-way handshaking, and subnetting an IP address space into 32 subnets with VLSM.
San 2
Fibre Channel is a high-speed network technology primarily used for storage networking. It provides serial data transfer at speeds of 1-8Gbps. Fibre Channel includes the advantages of both channels (speed and reliability) and networks (scalability). It supports various topologies including point-to-point, arbitrated loop (FC-AL), and switched fabric. The switched fabric topology uses 24-bit addressing and can scale to connect over 16 million devices across multiple switches. Fibre Channel operates at seven layers, with the physical layer defining cable types and speeds, and upper layers defining protocols encapsulated for transport.
Bluetooth mobileip
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows short-range connections between devices like mobile phones, headphones, and laptops using radio waves in the 2.4 GHz spectrum. It uses frequency hopping spread spectrum technology and establishes piconets between one master device and up to seven slave devices to enable communication between connected devices. Bluetooth supports both synchronous and asynchronous connections and can be used to transfer data, voice, and interface with other wireless protocols like TCP/IP.
Wcdma presentation4
The document discusses different methods for establishing channels in radio technologies: FDMA uses different frequencies for each user; TDMA uses different time slots on the same frequency; W-CDMA uses unique code patterns to distinguish each user on the same frequency. It also describes the UMTS frame format and power control mechanisms in UMTS, including inner loop power control which adjusts transmission power based on comparisons to Eb/Nt objectives, and outer loop power control which estimates Eb/Nt objectives based on measured frame error rates.
Mac 802.11
IEEE 802.11 defines two medium access methods - Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) where all stations share the medium equally using carrier sense and random backoffs, and Point Coordination Function (PCF) where a central point coordinator polls stations for transmission. DCF is more widely used. 802.11e introduced Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) to provide quality of service by prioritizing traffic categories, and HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA) which extends PCF with scheduled polling. Power saving modes allow stations to sleep and wake periodically to receive buffered frames from the access point.
Sdh principles
The document provides an overview of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) concepts and network structures. Some key points include:
- SDH uses a single reference clock and is compatible with existing PDH networks. It allows for simpler extraction and insertion of tributary streams.
- The SDH hierarchy includes frame structures like STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, etc. Add-drop multiplexers are used to insert and extract tributary streams.
- Network protection mechanisms like MS-SPRING and MSP are discussed, as well as equipment protections for components like power supplies, controller cards, and tributary cards.
Wired LANs
This document outlines the evolution of Ethernet networking standards from the original Ethernet developed at Xerox PARC to modern Gigabit and 10-Gigabit Ethernet standards. It discusses the IEEE 802.3 working group and standards for various Ethernet technologies including 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, and 10GbE. Encoding methods like 4D-PAM5 that have allowed Ethernet speeds to increase over twisted pair cabling are also covered at a high level.
Sdh basics hand_outs_of_sdh_basics
Digital communication uses digital signals that have discrete states (on/off) instead of continuous amplitudes like analog signals. This allows for higher quality transmission with less noise and distortion. SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) was developed to address limitations of earlier PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy) transmission, which used almost synchronous clocks. SDH uses a master-slave clock technique and overhead bytes to provide synchronization across nodes, manage payloads, and enable features like automatic protection switching and performance monitoring. The basic SDH frame is STM-1, which has 9 rows and 270 columns for a total of 2430 bytes transmitted every 125 microseconds at 155 Mbps. Higher STM frames are formed by multiplying the
Pdhsdh
The document discusses Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) technologies. PDH uses bit interleaving to transmit multiple digital signals over fiber optic or microwave networks at nearly synchronized rates. SDH was developed as international standard to overcome limitations of PDH like inefficient bandwidth usage. SDH uses synchronous transmission and defines a hierarchical structure of containers, tributaries and frames to efficiently transport digital signals and switch traffic.
WLAN(802.11AX - WI-FI 6) Evolution, frequency band, channels & use cases
The document discusses Wi-Fi 6 (IEEE 802.11ax), including its evolution, frequency bands, channels, and use cases. It provides information on WLANs, previous Wi-Fi standards such as 802.11n and 802.11ac, the electromagnetic spectrum, and the 2.4GHz, 5GHz, and upcoming 6GHz bands used by Wi-Fi. Examples of Wi-Fi 6 use cases mentioned are access points, wireless data offloading, TV set-top boxes, fixed wireless services, industrial automation, automotive connectivity, gaming/voice applications, and imaging.
Blu Ray Disc
Blu-ray Disc is a next-generation optical disc storage format that can store high definition video and games with much higher density than DVDs. It uses a blue-violet laser to read discs that have been coated with a protective layer and can store up to 27GB on a single-layer disc. The smaller laser wavelength allows information to be packed more densely into the pits and grooves on the disc surface.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances between fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs). It was created in 1994 by telecom vendor Ericsson. Bluetooth operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz short-range radio frequency band, using a frequency hopping spread spectrum technique to avoid interference. It defines a packet-based protocol with a master-slave structure, where one master communicates with up to 7 slaves in a piconet. Piconets can be connected to create larger scatternets. Bluetooth supports both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections.
More Related Content
What's hot
Wireless communicationpe-3855140
The 3rd generation wireless system was proposed in 1992 by Bellcore to provide wireless connectivity for local exchange carriers (LECs). It supports voice, data, and video over a 500 meter range using time division multiple access (TDMA) with frequency division duplexing (FDD) and adaptive power control. The system architecture includes subscriber units, radio ports, a radio port control unit, and an access manager to connect subscribers through the radio ports and control unit.
ZigBee module
A ZigBee module presentation as a part of one complete course about using communication modules along with PIC-Micro-controller
Thanks.
Utran evolution to all ip by me
The document discusses the evolution of UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) to an all-IP architecture. UTRAN originally contained base stations (Node Bs) and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) connected via various interfaces. It is evolving to the E-UTRAN architecture in LTE, which uses eNodeBs directly connected to the Evolved Packet Core via the S1 interface, removing the need for RNCs. This evolution allows for better support of IP-based services and improved capabilities like direct communication between eNodeBs.
Frame structure 5G
5G NR: Numerologies and Frame structure
Supported Transmission Numerologies
- A numerology is defined by sub-carrier spacing and Cyclic-Prefix overhead.
- In LTE there is only one subcarrier spacing which is 15kHz whereas in the case of 5G NR multiple subcarrier spacings are defined. Multiple subcarrier spacings can be derived by scaling a basic subcarrier spacing by an integer N.
- The numerology used can be selected independently of the frequency band although it is assumed not to use a very low subcarrier spacing at very high carrier frequencies. Flexible network and UE channel bandwidth are supported.
- The numerology is based on exponentially scalable sub-carrier spacing deltaF = 2µ × 15 kHz with µ = {0,1,3,4} for PSS, SSS and PBCH and µ = {0,1,2,3} for other channels.
- Normal CP is supported for all sub-carrier spacings, Extended CP is supported forµ=2.
- 12 consecutive sub-carriers form a physical resource block (PRB). Up to 275 PRBs are supported on a carrier.
- A resource defined by one subcarrier and one symbol is called as a resource element (RE).
Mimo in Wireless Communication
MIMO uses multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve wireless communication performance. It takes advantage of multipath propagation by using spatial diversity or spatial multiplexing. With spatial diversity, the same information is transmitted from different antennas to improve reliability and coverage. With spatial multiplexing, different data streams are transmitted from different antennas to increase data rates. MIMO can significantly increase capacity, quality, and spectral efficiency compared to single-input systems. It is used in technologies like 3G, 4G, and will be important for 5G networks.
Wsh96 Wilkinson
HIPERLAN is a European standard for wireless local area networks (WLANs) developed by ETSI to provide high performance networking comparable to wired Ethernet networks. HIPERLAN 1 operates in the 5GHz band and uses a frequency hopping spread spectrum technique along with advanced MAC and PHY layer protocols to provide data rates up to 23Mbps and support both asynchronous and isochronous traffic. HIPERLAN 2 is under development and aims to be compatible with asynchronous transfer mode networking to provide quality of service guarantees over wireless links.
CCNA Routing and Switching Lesson 05 - WANs - Eric Vanderburg
This document provides an overview of several WAN technologies including DSL, cable modems, ISDN, frame relay, ATM, and X.25. It describes key components and protocols used by each technology such as DSLAMs, MCNS, PPPoE, B channels, PVCs, DLCI, VPI/VCI, and more.
Telecom seminar
This document contains an agenda for a seminar on telecommunication systems from 0G to 5G. It discusses the history and key technologies of each generation including multiplexing used, subscriber identities, handover processes, roaming, and capacity per site. It also covers topics like frequency bands, mobility and session management protocols, authentication, and indoor radio planning tools.
Lecture#5 21 4-2013
WCDMA uses code division multiple access (CDMA) to allow multiple users to access the network simultaneously over the same frequency band. It uses orthogonal variable spreading factor codes and a scrambling code to discriminate between users. Power control is crucial to WCDMA to manage interference levels, maximize capacity, and ensure sufficient signal quality for all users. Tight power control allows the reuse of frequencies in each cell, improving spectral efficiency.
Multiple input & Multiple Output Systems
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) systems use multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. MIMO offers various diversity modes like time, frequency, and space diversity to decrease fading. It can also do spatial multiplexing to increase capacity without additional power or bandwidth. MIMO is used in many wireless standards like 802.11n, LTE, and is key to improving data rates towards 1Gbps while maintaining reliability. However, MIMO systems also face challenges of increased hardware complexity, power consumption, and processing requirements.
Network technology paper
This document contains questions about network technology concepts. It asks about EIGRP metrics, examples of MAC address types, how services like HTTP, FTP, DHCP and DNS work and relate to ARP, administrative distances of routing protocols, TCP and UDP at the transport layer and three-way handshaking, and subnetting an IP address space into 32 subnets with VLSM.
San 2
Fibre Channel is a high-speed network technology primarily used for storage networking. It provides serial data transfer at speeds of 1-8Gbps. Fibre Channel includes the advantages of both channels (speed and reliability) and networks (scalability). It supports various topologies including point-to-point, arbitrated loop (FC-AL), and switched fabric. The switched fabric topology uses 24-bit addressing and can scale to connect over 16 million devices across multiple switches. Fibre Channel operates at seven layers, with the physical layer defining cable types and speeds, and upper layers defining protocols encapsulated for transport.
Bluetooth mobileip
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows short-range connections between devices like mobile phones, headphones, and laptops using radio waves in the 2.4 GHz spectrum. It uses frequency hopping spread spectrum technology and establishes piconets between one master device and up to seven slave devices to enable communication between connected devices. Bluetooth supports both synchronous and asynchronous connections and can be used to transfer data, voice, and interface with other wireless protocols like TCP/IP.
Wcdma presentation4
The document discusses different methods for establishing channels in radio technologies: FDMA uses different frequencies for each user; TDMA uses different time slots on the same frequency; W-CDMA uses unique code patterns to distinguish each user on the same frequency. It also describes the UMTS frame format and power control mechanisms in UMTS, including inner loop power control which adjusts transmission power based on comparisons to Eb/Nt objectives, and outer loop power control which estimates Eb/Nt objectives based on measured frame error rates.
Mac 802.11
IEEE 802.11 defines two medium access methods - Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) where all stations share the medium equally using carrier sense and random backoffs, and Point Coordination Function (PCF) where a central point coordinator polls stations for transmission. DCF is more widely used. 802.11e introduced Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) to provide quality of service by prioritizing traffic categories, and HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA) which extends PCF with scheduled polling. Power saving modes allow stations to sleep and wake periodically to receive buffered frames from the access point.
Sdh principles
The document provides an overview of Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) concepts and network structures. Some key points include:
- SDH uses a single reference clock and is compatible with existing PDH networks. It allows for simpler extraction and insertion of tributary streams.
- The SDH hierarchy includes frame structures like STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, etc. Add-drop multiplexers are used to insert and extract tributary streams.
- Network protection mechanisms like MS-SPRING and MSP are discussed, as well as equipment protections for components like power supplies, controller cards, and tributary cards.
Wired LANs
This document outlines the evolution of Ethernet networking standards from the original Ethernet developed at Xerox PARC to modern Gigabit and 10-Gigabit Ethernet standards. It discusses the IEEE 802.3 working group and standards for various Ethernet technologies including 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T, and 10GbE. Encoding methods like 4D-PAM5 that have allowed Ethernet speeds to increase over twisted pair cabling are also covered at a high level.
Sdh basics hand_outs_of_sdh_basics
Digital communication uses digital signals that have discrete states (on/off) instead of continuous amplitudes like analog signals. This allows for higher quality transmission with less noise and distortion. SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) was developed to address limitations of earlier PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy) transmission, which used almost synchronous clocks. SDH uses a master-slave clock technique and overhead bytes to provide synchronization across nodes, manage payloads, and enable features like automatic protection switching and performance monitoring. The basic SDH frame is STM-1, which has 9 rows and 270 columns for a total of 2430 bytes transmitted every 125 microseconds at 155 Mbps. Higher STM frames are formed by multiplying the
Pdhsdh
The document discusses Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) technologies. PDH uses bit interleaving to transmit multiple digital signals over fiber optic or microwave networks at nearly synchronized rates. SDH was developed as international standard to overcome limitations of PDH like inefficient bandwidth usage. SDH uses synchronous transmission and defines a hierarchical structure of containers, tributaries and frames to efficiently transport digital signals and switch traffic.
WLAN(802.11AX - WI-FI 6) Evolution, frequency band, channels & use cases
The document discusses Wi-Fi 6 (IEEE 802.11ax), including its evolution, frequency bands, channels, and use cases. It provides information on WLANs, previous Wi-Fi standards such as 802.11n and 802.11ac, the electromagnetic spectrum, and the 2.4GHz, 5GHz, and upcoming 6GHz bands used by Wi-Fi. Examples of Wi-Fi 6 use cases mentioned are access points, wireless data offloading, TV set-top boxes, fixed wireless services, industrial automation, automotive connectivity, gaming/voice applications, and imaging.
What's hot (20)
CCNA Routing and Switching Lesson 05 - WANs - Eric Vanderburg
CCNA Routing and Switching Lesson 05 - WANs - Eric Vanderburg
WLAN(802.11AX - WI-FI 6) Evolution, frequency band, channels & use cases
WLAN(802.11AX - WI-FI 6) Evolution, frequency band, channels & use cases
Viewers also liked
Blu Ray Disc
Blu-ray Disc is a next-generation optical disc storage format that can store high definition video and games with much higher density than DVDs. It uses a blue-violet laser to read discs that have been coated with a protective layer and can store up to 27GB on a single-layer disc. The smaller laser wavelength allows information to be packed more densely into the pits and grooves on the disc surface.
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances between fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks (PANs). It was created in 1994 by telecom vendor Ericsson. Bluetooth operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz short-range radio frequency band, using a frequency hopping spread spectrum technique to avoid interference. It defines a packet-based protocol with a master-slave structure, where one master communicates with up to 7 slaves in a piconet. Piconets can be connected to create larger scatternets. Bluetooth supports both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections.
Blue Ray Disk
Blu-ray disc is a next-generation optical disc format that uses a blue-violet laser to read and write high-definition video and large amounts of data to discs. It can store 25GB on a single-layer disc or 50GB on a dual-layer disc. Blu-ray disc has stronger protection against scratches and fingerprints compared to DVDs, and is compatible with playing CDs and DVDs.
Blu ray disk seminar
This document summarizes the evolution and technology of Blu-ray discs. It discusses how Blu-ray discs offer higher storage capacity than DVDs through the use of blue laser technology and allow for HD recording and playback. The document traces the history of Blu-ray and the Blu-ray Disc Association alliance. It also compares the disc characteristics, storage capacities, and features of CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs.
Bluetooth.ppt
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on Bluetooth technology. It begins by explaining the origin of the name Bluetooth, which comes from a 10th century Viking king known for uniting territories. It then defines Bluetooth as a wireless technology standard for data transfer over short ranges using radio waves. The document outlines the history and development of Bluetooth, describes its specifications and topology including piconets and scatternets. It discusses Bluetooth hardware architecture and lists applications for Bluetooth in electronics and medical devices. It concludes by providing references for further information.
Blu Ray Disk
The document summarizes key information about Blu-ray discs, including their development history, technical specifications, software standards, playback profiles, and compatibility. Blu-ray discs can store high-definition video and audio using a blue-violet laser with a shorter wavelength than DVDs, allowing for greater storage capacity of 25-50GB. Formats include BD-R, BD-RE, and variants like mini Blu-ray discs.
Mobile ip
This document discusses Mobile IP, which allows mobile devices to change their point of attachment between different networks while maintaining ongoing connections. It describes the key entities in Mobile IP including the Mobile Node, Home Agent, Foreign Agent, and Correspondent Node. The operations of Mobile IP are summarized, including agent discovery, registration processes, encapsulation and decapsulation of packets, and the tables maintained on routers. Problems with Mobile IP and its applications are also briefly mentioned.
Bluetooth Presentation
Bluetooth is a short-range wireless technology that allows various electronic devices such as computers, phones, and headphones to connect and communicate without wires. It operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz radio band and can connect up to 8 devices within a range of about 10 meters. Bluetooth was developed in 1994 by Ericsson to simplify connections between devices by replacing cables. It has since become widely adopted and integrated into many consumer electronic products.
Bluetooth Technology
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. It was originally conceived as a cable replacement and can be used for data transfer, wireless audio, etc. Bluetooth operates in the 2.4 GHz spectrum and has an effective range of about 10 meters. It works by establishing short-range radio links called piconets that allow devices to connect and exchange information securely in an ad-hoc manner. The technology has grown in popularity and future versions aim to improve capabilities such as speed, range and security.
Bluetooth Slides
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the industrial, scientific and medical radio bands. It was created in 1994 by Ericsson to replace cables connecting devices like mobile phones, laptops, printers, and other electronic devices. Bluetooth allows for wireless connections between various devices to share information and transmit data wirelessly over short distances of around 10 meters. It uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping spread spectrum to handle interference and improve communication quality.
Bluetooth technology presentation
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the industrial, scientific and medical radio bands. It allows for the replacement of cables that traditionally connect devices, enabling devices such as phones, laptops, printers, digital cameras, and video game controllers to establish short-range radio links to connect and exchange information. Bluetooth technology works as a universal bridge between existing data networks and provides a mechanism for devices to form short-term networks when in close proximity without needing to be part of a permanent network infrastructure.
Viewers also liked (11)
Similar to Bluetooth mobileip
BluetoothMobileIP.ppt
This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology. It discusses Bluetooth protocols including the radio, baseband, link manager, L2CAP, and service discovery protocols. It describes Bluetooth piconets and scatternets, error correction schemes, and the inquiry, page, and link establishment procedures. It also summarizes Bluetooth applications areas, usage models, and audio/security features.
BluetoothMobileIP.ppt
This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology. It describes Bluetooth as a wireless technology standard for short-range communication between devices like mobile phones, laptops, headphones, and other peripherals. It outlines Bluetooth's key features like operating in the 2.4GHz spectrum, using frequency hopping spread spectrum, and supporting ad-hoc network formation between up to 7 devices in a piconet. The document also summarizes Bluetooth's protocol stack and describes functions of layers like L2CAP, SDP, and security services.
BluetoothMobileIP.ppt
This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology. It discusses Bluetooth protocols including the radio, baseband, link manager, L2CAP, and service discovery protocols. It describes Bluetooth piconets and scatternets, error correction schemes, and the inquiry, page, and link establishment procedures. It also summarizes Bluetooth applications areas, usage models, and audio/security features.
Bluetooth mobileip
This document discusses Bluetooth and Mobile IP. It provides an overview of Bluetooth including its consortium, scenarios, specifications, and protocol architecture. It then discusses Mobile IP and the motivation for its development to allow for IP mobility as nodes change networks while maintaining ongoing connections and their IP address. The key requirement for Mobile IP is transparency, allowing mobile devices to keep their IP address and continue communication after changing networks.
Bluetooth mobileip
- Bluetooth allows for connection of peripheral devices like headsets and joysticks through short-range wireless communication. It uses frequency-hopping spread spectrum in the 2.4GHz band for robust connectivity.
- Bluetooth devices can operate in a piconet with one master device and up to seven slave devices. Multiple piconets can interconnect to form a scatternet, allowing many devices to communicate in an area.
- The Bluetooth protocol stack includes layers for radio transmission, baseband control, link management, logical link/multiplexing, service discovery, and adoption of protocols like TCP/IP, OBEX, and telephony control.
bluetooth protocol stack.pptx
The document discusses the Bluetooth protocol stack which is divided into core specifications and profile specifications. The core protocols include the radio layer, baseband layer, link manager protocol, L2CAP, service discovery protocol, RFCOMM, and HCI. The radio layer uses frequency hopping. The baseband layer establishes connections and handles packet transmission. L2CAP supports protocol multiplexing and segmentation. RFCOMM emulates serial ports over L2CAP. The stack provides for wireless connection between Bluetooth devices.
Bluetooth 1
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. It creates personal area networks (PANs) between devices like mobile phones, computers, and other electronic devices. Bluetooth operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz radio frequency band and uses frequency-hopping spread spectrum to avoid interference and jamming. It allows for both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections and can connect up to eight devices in a piconet. Common applications of Bluetooth include wireless headphones, connecting devices in cars, and wireless speakers.
IoT Network Technologies
This document provides an overview of Bluetooth technology. It begins with acknowledgements to sources that informed the content. It then discusses wireless networks in general and how Bluetooth fits within infrastructure-based and ad hoc wireless networks. The rest of the document details Bluetooth-specific topics like the architecture, standards, protocols, connection process, profiles, and improvements across Bluetooth versions.
AWMN Advances Wireless UNIT-1 Blue_Tooth.pptx
This document discusses Bluetooth technology and its use of the IEEE 802.15.1 standard for personal area networks (PANs). It describes the Bluetooth protocol stack including the physical, transport, baseband, and middleware layers. The physical layer uses 79 channels each 1 MHz wide in the 2.4 GHz spectrum. Devices are divided into classes based on output power. The baseband layer establishes piconets between one master and up to seven slaves and supports various power saving modes. The middleware layer provides services like L2CAP, RFCOMM, and OBEX. Bluetooth security relies on pairing devices and generating a shared encryption key, though 4-digit PINs are weak. Applications include use in mobile phones and support in the
Network adpater,cabel,cards ,types, network devices
Network adapter, cable, cards, types, network devices, Router, Switch, Firewall, Types of creaming, MAC, TCP, OpticFiber Cable
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that was created in 1998 to provide wireless connectivity between devices over short distances. It uses short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to 2.485 GHz and employs frequency hopping spread spectrum technology to enable communication between multiple devices. Bluetooth devices can operate in piconets with one master device and up to seven active slave devices, and multiple piconets can be joined together to form scatternets. Bluetooth supports both synchronous voice links and asynchronous data links between devices.
Bluetooth.ppt
Bluetooth is a wireless technology named after the 10th-century Danish king Harald Bluetooth. It allows for short-range wireless connections between devices like headsets, computers, and cell phones. Bluetooth devices operate on a shared frequency hopping spread spectrum that allows multiple devices to operate within range without interference. Devices can operate in a piconet, where one device acts as the master that controls communication, or scatternets, where devices participate in multiple overlapping piconets. Bluetooth provides security features like authentication and encryption to securely transmit data between connected devices.
Bluetooth.ppt
King Harald Bluetooth unified warring Viking tribes in the 10th century. In the 21st century, a wireless Bluetooth network is named after him. Bluetooth allows for personal ad-hoc networks, cable replacement, and landline data/voice access through access points. It operates in the unlicensed 2.4GHz band using frequency hopping and supports data rates up to 1Mbps.
Optical networks
Optical fiber communications networks use various topologies and protocols. A local area network interconnects users within a building, while metro and access networks connect between buildings and to homes. The physical layer refers to the transmission medium, while higher layers establish links and route data packets. Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) standards define optical carrier (OC) rates and frame formats to interconnect transmission equipment. Networks can be configured in ring or mesh topologies with self-healing capabilities. Passive optical networks (PON) use passive splitters and no electronic regeneration between transmitters and receivers.
Bluetooth technology
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (around 10 m) using short-wavelength radio transmissions in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band between 2.4-2.485 GHz. It was originally developed in 1994 to eliminate cable connections between devices but later expanded to enable wireless connectivity through a common standard. Bluetooth devices operate using adaptive frequency hopping to minimize interference and can connect in piconets of up to 8 devices or scatternets of multiple interconnected piconets.
Bluetooth technology
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances. It was developed in 1994 by Ericsson to eliminate cable connections between devices. Bluetooth operates in the unlicensed 2.4 GHz spectrum and uses frequency hopping to reduce interference. It allows up to 8 devices to connect in a piconet topology and multiple piconets to connect via scatternet. Bluetooth devices use inquiry and paging procedures to establish connections. Security features include authentication, encryption, and requiring user acceptance to pair devices.
Bluetooth Details.ppt
Bluetooth Details
I run a knowledge sharing YouTube channel called (SILICON CHIPS TAMILAN). Please like, share, subscribe, and support me.
YouTube Link : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCenZp9ho_PP0K5iYrdocvrw
Notes Link Below attached
https://siliconchipstamilan.blogspot.com/2022/12/what-is-outlook-mail.html
My YouTube chancel Link
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCenZp9ho_PP0K5iYrdocvrw
My Facebook page Link
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100063722750309
&
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100063637014376
My Instagram ID
vignesh301992
Bluetooth
,bluetooth ,bluetooth technology ,bluetooth profiles ,bluetooth protocol stack ,bluetooth connections ,bluetooth history ,bluetooth applications ,bluetooth frequency hopping spread spectrum
chapter four circuit switching communication
chapter four circuit switching network End-to-end dedicated circuits between clients
Client can be a person or equipment (router or switch)
Circuit can take different forms
Dedicated path for the transfer of electrical current
Dedicated time slots for transfer of voice samples
Dedicated frames for transfer of Nx51.84 Mbps signals
Dedicated wavelengths for transfer of optical signals
Circuit switching networks require:
Multiplexing & switching of circuits
Signaling & control for establishing circuits
These are the subjects covered in this chapter
Optical fiber link carries several wavelengths
From few (4-8) to many (64-160) wavelengths per fiber
Imagine prism combining different colors into single beam
Each wavelength carries a high-speed stream
Each wavelength can carry different format signal
e.g., 1 Gbps, 2.5 Gbps, or 10 Gbps
Synchronous Optical NETwork
North American TDM physical layer standard for optical fiber communications
8000 frames/sec. (Tframe = 125 sec)
compatible with North American digital hierarchy
SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) elsewhere
Needs to carry E1 and E3 signals
Compatible with SONET at higher speeds
Greatly simplifies multiplexing in network backbone
OA&M support to facilitate network management
Protection & restoration
Defines electrical & optical signal interfaces
Electrical
Multiplexing, Regeneration performed in electrical domain
STS – Synchronous Transport Signals defined
Very short range (e.g., within a switch)
Optical
Transmission carried out in optical domain
Optical transmitter & receiver
OC – Optical Carrier
chapter four circuit switching network End-to-end dedicated circuits between clients
Client can be a person or equipment (router or switch)
Circuit can take different forms
Dedicated path for the transfer of electrical current
Dedicated time slots for transfer of voice samples
Dedicated frames for transfer of Nx51.84 Mbps signals
Dedicated wavelengths for transfer of optical signals
Circuit switching networks require:
Multiplexing & switching of circuits
Signaling & control for establishing circuits
These are the subjects covered in this chapter
Optical fiber link carries several wavelengths
From few (4-8) to many (64-160) wavelengths per fiber
Imagine prism combining different colors into single beam
Each wavelength carries a high-speed stream
Each wavelength can carry different format signal
e.g., 1 Gbps, 2.5 Gbps, or 10 Gbps
Synchronous Optical NETwork
North American TDM physical layer standard for optical fiber communications
8000 frames/sec. (Tframe = 125 sec)
compatible with North American digital hierarchy
SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) elsewhere
Needs to carry E1 and E3 signals
Compatible with SONET at higher speeds
Greatly simplifies multiplexing in network backbone
OA&M support to facilitate network management
Protection & restoration
Defines electrical & optical signal interfaces
Electrical
Multiplexing, Regeneration performed in electrical domain
STS – Synchronous Transport Sign
CAT-1 Answer Key.doc
This document contains the answer key for a continuous assessment test on mobile communication and IoT for Kongu Engineering College. It includes 14 multiple choice and descriptive questions covering topics like radio frequency ranges, signal representation tools, antenna types, cellular network technologies and standards, Bluetooth networking, and the IEEE 802.11 protocol architecture.
Similar to Bluetooth mobileip (20)
Network adpater,cabel,cards ,types, network devices
Network adpater,cabel,cards ,types, network devices
More from CliffSugermen
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1929. As a young boy growing up in the segregated South, he witnessed racial inequality and injustice. He attended Morehouse College and Crozer Theological Seminary, where he was influenced by the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi on nonviolent civil disobedience. In 1955, Rosa Parks' arrest for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger on a bus sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott, thrusting King into a leadership role in the growing civil rights movement.
Java
It is a global network of computers
that communicate with each other
using a variety of protocols and
overcoming various communication
barriers.
Probability
What is the probability of winning the lottery 6/49, that is, picking the correct set of six numbers out of 49?
Get your answer here.......
Probability
What is the probability of winning the lottery 6/49, that is, picking the correct set of six numbers out of 49?
Get your answer here.......
Knowledge management
To explore the concepts & theory of Knowledge Management (KM)
To learn about some KM programs
To discuss the idea of KM in Postsecondary Education and in IR
To identify some of the controversies around KM
Forests
This document provides information for teachers on forests and the forest industry in the United States. It begins by outlining learning objectives for students to define forests and describe the six forest regions in the US. It then gives a brief history of the first forestry industry, which began with Leif Ericson in the 10th century. The document defines forests and explains that they cover about a third of the US land area today. It also outlines that private landowners, the government, and forest product industries are the main owners of the 250 million acres of commercial forests in the US. It concludes by describing the two main types of trees used in forestry - softwoods and hardwoods - and noting that the six forest regions vary
Air pollution
Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulates, biological materials, or other harmful materials into the Earth's atmosphere, possibly causing disease, death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment.
Training Skills
Communication is an exchange, not just a give,
as all parties must participate to complete the
information exchange.”
Robotics
“A robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks.”
Introduction to data communications
Any process that permits the passage from a sender to one or more receivers of information of any nature, delivered in any easy to use form by any electromagnetic system.
The Greenhouse Effect on Earth
The document summarizes key aspects of the greenhouse effect on Earth. It notes that Earth's atmosphere is slightly warmer than expected due to greenhouse gases like water vapor and carbon dioxide trapping infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface. These greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit the infrared light, increasing the atmosphere's temperature. This mild greenhouse effect creates just the right conditions for liquid water to exist on the Earth's surface.
HEALTHY HABITS FOR LIFE
Base your lifelong plan on guidelines from MyPyramid
Maintain a healthy relationship with food
Avoid the “good food/bad food” mentality
Remember moderation and variety in all your food choices
Google Glass
The purpose of the patent for the optical system is to display information, icons, picture directly on the lens with a transparent background, in other words through the same lens you can see the reality around you and the digital information received from external source in overlay mode.
Cloud computing
Technology context: multi-core, virtualization, 64-bit processors, parallel computing models, big-data storages…
Cloud models: IaaS (Amazon AWS), PaaS (Microsoft Azure), SaaS (Google App Engine)
Demonstration of cloud capabilities
Cloud models
Data and Computing models: MapReduce
Graph processing using amazon elastic mapreduce
The Game Badminton
Badminton is a racket sport played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net. Players score points by striking a shuttlecock with their racket so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents' half of the court. A rally ends once the shuttlecock has struck the ground, and each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net.
More from CliffSugermen (15)
Recently uploaded
Christian Louboutin: Innovating with Red Soles
Christian Louboutin is celebrated for his innovative approach to footwear design, marked by his trademark red soles. This in-depth look at his life and career explores the origins of his creativity, the milestones in his journey, and the impact of his work on the fashion industry. Learn how Louboutin's bold vision and dedication to excellence have made his brand synonymous with luxury and style.
The Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting Saga
Introduction
The notion of Dwayne Johnson kidnapping seems straight out of a Hollywood thriller. Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, known for his larger-than-life persona, immense popularity. and action-packed filmography, is the last person anyone would envision being a victim of kidnapping. Yet, the bizarre and riveting tale of such an incident, filled with twists and turns. has captured the imagination of many. In this article, we delve into the intricate details of this astonishing event. exploring every aspect, from the dramatic rescue operation to the aftermath and the lessons learned.
Follow us on: Pinterest
The Origins of the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping Saga
Dwayne Johnson: A Brief Background
Before discussing the specifics of the kidnapping. it is crucial to understand who Dwayne Johnson is and why his kidnapping would be so significant. Born May 2, 1972, Dwayne Douglas Johnson is an American actor, producer, businessman. and former professional wrestler. Known by his ring name, "The Rock," he gained fame in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) before transitioning to a successful career in Hollywood.
Johnson's filmography includes blockbuster hits such as "The Fast and the Furious" series, "Jumanji," "Moana," and "San Andreas." His charismatic personality, impressive physique. and action-star status have made him a beloved figure worldwide. Thus, the news of his kidnapping would send shockwaves across the globe.
Setting the Scene: The Day of the Kidnapping
The incident of Dwayne Johnson's kidnapping began on an ordinary day. Johnson was filming his latest high-octane action film set to break box office records. The location was a remote yet scenic area. chosen for its rugged terrain and breathtaking vistas. perfect for the film's climactic scenes.
But, beneath the veneer of normalcy, a sinister plot was unfolding. Unbeknownst to Johnson and his team, a group of criminals had planned his abduction. hoping to leverage his celebrity status for a hefty ransom. The stage was set for an event that would soon dominate worldwide headlines and social media feeds.
The Abduction: Unfolding the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping
The Moment of Capture
On the day of the kidnapping, everything seemed to be proceeding as usual on set. Johnson and his co-stars and crew were engrossed in shooting a particularly demanding scene. As the day wore on, the production team took a short break. providing the kidnappers with the perfect opportunity to strike.
The abduction was executed with military precision. A group of masked men, armed and organized, infiltrated the set. They created chaos, taking advantage of the confusion to isolate Johnson. Johnson was outnumbered and caught off guard despite his formidable strength and fighting skills. The kidnappers overpowered him, bundled him into a waiting vehicle. and sped away, leaving everyone on set in a state of shock and disbelief.
The Immediate Aftermath
The immediate aftermath of the Dwayne Johnson kidnappin
Top IPTV UK Providers of A Comprehensive Review.pdf
The television landscape in the UK has evolved significantly with the rise of Internet Protocol Television (IPTV). IPTV offers a modern alternative to traditional cable and satellite TV, allowing viewers to stream live TV, on-demand videos, and other multimedia content directly to their devices over the internet. This review provides an in-depth look at the top IPTV UK providers, their features, pricing, and what sets them apart.
Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and Inspiration
Introduction
In the realm of entertainment, few names resonate as Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson. Both figures have carved unique paths in the industry. achieving unparalleled success and becoming iconic symbols of perseverance, resilience, and inspiration. This article delves into the lives, careers. and enduring legacies of Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson. exploring how their journeys intersect and what we can learn from their remarkable stories.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Early Life and Backgrounds
Orpah Winfrey: From Humble Beginnings to Media Mogul
Orpah Winfrey, often known as Oprah due to a misspelling on her birth certificate. was born on January 29, 1954, in Kosciusko, Mississippi. Raised in poverty by her grandmother, Winfrey's early life was marked by hardship and adversity. Despite these challenges. she demonstrated a keen intellect and an early talent for public speaking.
Winfrey's journey to success began with a scholarship to Tennessee State University. where she studied communication. Her first job in media was as a co-anchor for the local evening news in Nashville. This role paved the way for her eventual transition to talk show hosting. where she found her true calling.
Dwayne Johnson: From Wrestling Royalty to Hollywood Superstar
Dwayne Johnson, also known by his ring name "The Rock," was born on May 2, 1972, in Hayward, California. He comes from a family of professional wrestlers, with both his father, Rocky Johnson. and his grandfather, Peter Maivia, being notable figures in the wrestling world. Johnson's early life was spent moving between New Zealand and the United States. experiencing a variety of cultural influences.
Before entering the world of professional wrestling. Johnson had aspirations of becoming a professional football player. He played college football at the University of Miami. where he was part of a national championship team. But, injuries curtailed his football career, leading him to follow in his family's footsteps and enter the wrestling ring.
Career Milestones
Orpah Winfrey: The Queen of All Media
Winfrey's career breakthrough came in 1986 when she launched "The Oprah Winfrey Show." The show became a cultural phenomenon. drawing millions of viewers daily and earning many awards. Winfrey's empathetic and candid interviewing style resonated with audiences. helping her tackle diverse and often challenging topics.
Beyond her talk show, Winfrey expanded her empire to include the creation of Harpo Productions. a multimedia production company. She also launched "O, The Oprah Magazine" and OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network, further solidifying her status as a media mogul.
Dwayne Johnson: From The Ring to The Big Screen
Dwayne Johnson's wrestling career took off in the late 1990s. when he became one of the most charismatic and popular figures in WWE. His larger-than-life persona and catchphrases endeared him to fans. making him a household name. But, Johnson had ambitions beyond the wrestling ring.
In the early 20
定制(uow毕业证书)卧龙岗大学毕业证文凭学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uow毕业证书)卧龙岗大学毕业证文凭学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
原版制作(Mercer毕业证书)摩斯大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Mercer毕业证书)摩斯大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Leonardo DiCaprio House: A Journey Through His Extravagant Real Estate Portfolio
Introduction
Leonardo DiCaprio, A name synonymous with Hollywood excellence. is not only known for his stellar acting career but also for his impressive real estate investments. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" is a topic that piques the interest of many. as the Oscar-winning actor has amassed a diverse portfolio of luxurious properties. DiCaprio's homes reflect his varied tastes and commitment to sustainability. from retreats to historic mansions. This article will delve into the fascinating world of Leonardo DiCaprio's real estate. Exploring the details of his most notable residences. and the unique aspects that make them stand out.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Leonardo DiCaprio House: Malibu Beachfront Retreat
A Prime Location
His Malibu beachfront house is one of the most famous properties in Leonardo DiCaprio's real estate portfolio. Situated in the exclusive Carbon Beach. also known as "Billionaire's Beach," this property boasts stunning ocean views and private beach access. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" in Malibu is a testament to the actor's love for the sea and his penchant for luxurious living.
Architectural Highlights
The Malibu house features a modern design with clean lines, large windows. and open spaces blending indoor and outdoor living. The expansive deck and patio areas provide ample space for entertaining guests or enjoying a quiet sunset. The house has state-of-the-art amenities. including a gourmet kitchen, a home theatre, and many guest suites.
Sustainable Features
Leonardo DiCaprio is a well-known environmental activist. whose Malibu house reflects his commitment to sustainability. The property incorporates solar panels, energy-efficient appliances, and sustainable building materials. The landscaping around the house is also designed to be water-efficient. featuring drought-resistant plants and intelligent irrigation systems.
Leonardo DiCaprio House: Hollywood Hills Hideaway
Privacy and Seclusion
Another remarkable property in Leonardo DiCaprio's collection is his Hollywood Hills house. This secluded retreat offers privacy and tranquility. making it an ideal escape from the hustle and bustle of Los Angeles. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" in Hollywood Hills nestled among lush greenery. and offers panoramic views of the city and surrounding landscapes.
Design and Amenities
The Hollywood Hills house is a mid-century modern gem characterized by its sleek design and floor-to-ceiling windows. The open-concept living space is perfect for entertaining. while the cozy bedrooms provide a comfortable retreat. The property also features a swimming pool, and outdoor dining area. and a spacious deck that overlooks the cityscape.
Environmental Initiatives
The Hollywood Hills house incorporates several green features that are in line with DiCaprio's environmental values. The home has solar panels, energy-efficient lighting, and a rainwater harvesting system. Additionally, the landscaping designed to support local wildlife and promote
Modern Radio Frequency Access Control Systems: The Key to Efficiency and Safety
Today's fast-paced environment worries companies of all sizes about efficiency and security. Businesses are constantly looking for new and better solutions to solve their problems, whether it's data security or facility access. RFID for access control technologies have revolutionized this.
From Teacher to OnlyFans: Brianna Coppage's Story at 28
At 28, Brianna Coppage left her teaching career to become an OnlyFans content creator. This bold move into digital entrepreneurship allowed her to harness her creativity and build a new identity. Brianna's experience highlights the intersection of technology and personal branding in today's economy.
哪里买(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证双学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(osu毕业证书)美国俄勒冈州立大学毕业证，双学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
University of Western Sydney degree offer diploma Transcript
澳洲UWS毕业证书制作西悉尼大学假文凭定制Q微168899991做UWS留信网教留服认证海牙认证改UWS成绩单GPA做UWS假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证申请西悉尼大学University of Western Sydney degree offer diploma Transcript
From Swing Music to Big Band Fame_ 5 Iconic Artists.pptx
Know about the five famous artists who have transitioned to Big Band Music from Swing Music. Here is a glimpse of their work and contributions.
Unveiling Paul Haggis Shaping Cinema Through Diversity. .pdf
Paul Haggis is undoubtedly a visionary filmmaker whose work has not only shaped cinema but has also pushed boundaries when it comes to diversity and representation within the industry. From his thought-provoking scripts to his engaging directorial style, Haggis has become a prominent figure in the world of film.
The Gallery of Shadows, In the heart of a bustling city
In the heart of a bustling city, hidden away from the modern chaos …
created with AI assistance…
The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...
Leonardo DiCaprio, a name synonymous with Hollywood stardom and acting excellence. has captivated audiences for decades with his talent and charisma. But, the Leonardo DiCaprio haircut is one aspect of his public persona that has garnered attention. From his early days as a teenage heartthrob to his current status as a seasoned actor and environmental activist. DiCaprio's hairstyles have evolved. reflecting both his personal growth and the changing trends in fashion. This article delves into the many phases of the Leonardo DiCaprio haircut. exploring its significance and impact on pop culture.
DIGIDEVTV A New area of OTT Distribution
At Digidev, we are working to be the leader in interactive streaming platforms of choice by smart device users worldwide.
Our goal is to become the ultimate distribution service of entertainment content. The Digidev application will offer the next generation television highway for users to discover and engage in a variety of content. While also providing a fresh and
innovative approach towards advertainment with vast revenue opportunities. Designed and developed by Joe Q. Bretz
Authenticity in Motion Pictures: How Steve Greisen Retains Real Stories
Learn about Steve Greisen's dedication to capture the spirit of his subjects in his documentaries with honesty and integrity.
Barbie Movie Review - The Astras.pdfffff
Barbie Movie Review has gotten brilliant surveys for its fun and creative story. Coordinated by Greta Gerwig, it stars Margot Robbie as Barbie and Ryan Gosling as Insight. Critics adore its perky humor, dynamic visuals, and intelligent take on the notorious doll's world. It's lauded for being engaging for both kids and grown-ups. The Astras profoundly prescribes observing the Barbie Review for a delightful and colorful cinematic involvement.https://theastras.com/hca-member-gradebooks/hca-gradebook-barbie/
Recently uploaded (20)
The Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting Saga
The Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting Saga
Top IPTV UK Providers of A Comprehensive Review.pdf
Top IPTV UK Providers of A Comprehensive Review.pdf
Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and Inspiration
Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and Inspiration
Leonardo DiCaprio House: A Journey Through His Extravagant Real Estate Portfolio
Leonardo DiCaprio House: A Journey Through His Extravagant Real Estate Portfolio
Modern Radio Frequency Access Control Systems: The Key to Efficiency and Safety
Modern Radio Frequency Access Control Systems: The Key to Efficiency and Safety
From Teacher to OnlyFans: Brianna Coppage's Story at 28
From Teacher to OnlyFans: Brianna Coppage's Story at 28
University of Western Sydney degree offer diploma Transcript
University of Western Sydney degree offer diploma Transcript
From Swing Music to Big Band Fame_ 5 Iconic Artists.pptx
From Swing Music to Big Band Fame_ 5 Iconic Artists.pptx
Unveiling Paul Haggis Shaping Cinema Through Diversity. .pdf
Unveiling Paul Haggis Shaping Cinema Through Diversity. .pdf
The Gallery of Shadows, In the heart of a bustling city
The Gallery of Shadows, In the heart of a bustling city
The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...
The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...
Authenticity in Motion Pictures: How Steve Greisen Retains Real Stories
Authenticity in Motion Pictures: How Steve Greisen Retains Real Stories
Bluetooth mobileip
- 1. Bluetooth and Mobile IP Wireless Networks Spring 2005
- 2. Scatternets Each piconet has one master and up to 7 slaves Master determines hopping sequence, slaves have to synchronize Participation in a piconet = synchronization to hopping sequence Communication between piconets = devices jumping back and forth between the piconets piconets Wireless Networks Spring 2005
- 3. Radio Specification Classes of transmitters o Class 1: Outputs 100 mW for maximum range • Power control mandatory • Provides greatest distance o Class 2: Outputs 2.4 mW at maximum • Power control optional o Class 3: Nominal output is 1 mW • Lowest power Frequency Hopping in Bluetooth o Provides resistance to interference and multipath effects o Provides a form of multiple access among co-located devices in different piconets Wireless Networks Spring 2005
- 4. Frequency Hopping Total bandwidth divided into 1MHz physical channels FH occurs by jumping from one channel to another in pseudorandom sequence Hopping sequence shared with all devices on piconet Piconet access: o Bluetooth devices use time division duplex (TDD) o Access technique is TDMA o FH-TDD-TDMA Wireless Networks Spring 2005
- 5. Frequency Hopping Wireless Networks Spring 2005
- 6. Physical Links Synchronous connection oriented (SCO) o Allocates fixed bandwidth between point-to-point connection of master and slave o Master maintains link using reserved slots o Master can support three simultaneous links Asynchronous connectionless (ACL) o Point-to-multipoint link between master and all slaves o Only single ACL link can exist Wireless Networks Spring 2005
- 7. Bluetooth Packet Fields Access code – used for timing synchronization, offset compensation, paging, and inquiry Header – used to identify packet type and carry protocol control information Payload – contains user voice or data and payload header, if present Wireless Networks Spring 2005
- 8. Bluetooth Piconet MAC Each node has a Bluetooth Device Address (BD_ADDR). The master BD_ADDR determines the sequence of frequency hops Master f(k) f(k+1) f(k+2) f(k+3) f(k+4) f(k+4) f(k+4) f(k+7) Slave 1 Slave 2 Types of connections: Synchronous Connection-Oriented link (SCO) (symmetrical, circuit switched, point-to-point) Asynchronous Connectionless Link (ACL): (packet switched, point-to-multipoint, masterpolls) Packet Format: o o Access code: synchronization, when piconet active derived from master Packet header (for ACL): 1/3-FEC, MAC address (1 master, 7 slaves), link type, alternating bit ARQ/SEQ, checksum 72 54 access code packet header 3 MAC address bits 0-2745 payload 4 1 1 1 8 type flow ARQN SEQN HEC Wireless Networks Spring 2005 bits
Editor's Notes
- Slot duration: 625seconds Why don’t we transmit during all the slot?