1. Basic life support for infants and children involves prompt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), including chest compressions and breaths, which can significantly increase survival rates if provided before full cardiac arrest develops. 2. For infants, high-quality CPR involves two-finger chest compressions at a rate of 100 compressions per minute, with a compression depth of at least 1.5 inches, as well as breaths through a properly fitted face mask. 3. For older children, chest compressions are performed with one or two hands, depending on the number of rescuers, at a rate of 100 compressions per minute and a depth of at least 2 inches, along with breaths delivered through

1. Basic Life Support/ Cardio
Pulmonary Resuscitation

2. • Many infants and children are thought to
develop respiratory arrest and bradycardia
before they develop cardiac arrest.
• If such children receive prompt CPR before
development of cardiac arrest, they will have
high survival rate.

3. For Infants

4. 1 rescuer infant BLS sequence
Check the infant for
response and breathing.
Shout for help if no
response, no breathing or
only gasping.
If someone responds ask to
activate emergency
response and get AED
Check the infant's brachial
pulse. (take 5 but not more
than 10s)
If there is no pulse or if
despite adequate
oxygenation and ventilation
HR <60/min with poor signs
of perfusion
Perform cycles of
compression and breaths
(30:2), starting with
compressions.
After 5 cycles, if not done,
activate the emergency
response system and get the
AED.

5. 2 finger chest compression technique
Place the infant on a firm, flat surface.
Place 2 fingers in the infant’s chest just below the nipple
line.(do not press the bottom of the breastbone)
Push hard push fast: to give chest compressions, press the
infants breastbone down at least one third of the depth of
chest i.e. approx. 11/2 inches(4cm). Deliver compressions in
a smooth fashion at a rate of about 100/min.
Allow complete chest recoil after each compression. Chest
recoil allows blood to flow into the heart and is necessary
to create blood flow during chest compressions. Incomplete
chest recoil will reduce the blood flow created by chest
compressions.
Approximately chest compression and chest
recoil/relaxation time should be equal and minimize
interruptions in compressions.

6. Infant ventilation with barrier devices
• Select a bag and a mask of appropriate size.
• Mask must be able to cover victim’s mouth and
nose without covering the eyes or overlapping
the chin.
• Perform a head tilt – chin lift to open victim’s
airway.
• Press the mask to infant's face as you lift the
infant's jaw making a seal between infant’s face
and mask.
• Connect supplementary oxygen to the mask
when available.

7. Why breaths are important for infants
and children in cardiac arrest
• Cardiac arrest in an adult- oxygen content of
blood is typically normal, thus compressions
alone may maintain the oxygen delivery to the
heart and brain for first few seconds after arrest
• Cardiac arrest in infants and children- causes
respiratory failure or shock that reduces the
oxygen content in the blood even before the
onset of arrest. Thus chest compressions alone
are not effective as the combination of
compression plus breaths during CPR.

8. 2 rescuer infant CPR
Place both thumbs side by side in the
center of infant’s chest on the lower half
of the breast bone. Thumbs may overlap
in very small infants.
Encircle the infants chest and
support the infants chest with fingers
of both hands.
With your hands encircling the chest, use
both hands to depress the breastbone at
least one third of the depth of chest i.e.
approx. 11/2 inches(4cm).
Deliver compressions in a smooth
fashion at a rate of about 100/min.
Allow complete chest recoil after each
compression by completely releasing the
pressure on the breast bone.
After every 15 compressions, pause
briefly for the 2nd rescuer to open the
airway with a head tilt chin lift and
give 2 breaths. The chest should rise
with each breath.
Continue compression and breaths in
a ratio of 15:2 switching roles every 2
min. to avoid rescuer fatigue.

9. 2 rescuer infant BLS sequence
Check the child for a response and check breathing.
if there is no response and no breathing or only gasping, 2nd rescuer
activates the emergency response system and get AED.
Check the infant's brachial pulse (take at least 5sec but not more than
10sec.)
If there is no pulse or if despite adequate oxygenation and ventilation
HR <60/min with poor signs of perfusion perform cycles of chest
compression and breaths (30:2). When the 2nd rescuer comes, use a
compression to breath ratio of 15:2.
Use the AED or defibrillator as soon as it is available.

10. Video

11. For children from 1year of age to
Puberty

12. 1 rescuer child BLS sequence
Check child for response
and breathing. Shout for
help if no response
If someone responds ask to
activate emergency
response and get AED
Check the child's pulse. Try
to feel child’s carotid or
femoral pulse.
If within 10sec you don't feel
a pulse or if despite
adequate oxygenation and
ventilation HR <60/min with
poor signs of perfusion
Perform cycles of chest
compression and breaths
(30:2), starting with
compressions.
After 5 cycles, if not done,
activate the emergency
response system and get
the AED.

13. 2 rescuer child BLS sequence
Check the child for a response and check breathing; if there is no
breathing or only gasping, 2nd rescuer activates the emergency
response system.
Check the child's pulse (take at least 5sec but not more than 10sec.you
may try to feel the child's carotid or femoral pulse.
If within 10sec you don't feel a pulse or if despite adequate
oxygenation and ventilation HR <60/min with poor signs of perfusion
perform cycles of chest compression and breaths (30:2). When the 2nd
rescuer comes, use a compression to breath ratio of 15:2.

14. Child ventilation with barrier devices
• Select a bag and a mask of appropriate size
• Mask must be able to cover victim’s mouth and
nose without covering the eyes or overlapping
the chin
• Perform a head tilt – chin lift to open victim’s
airway
• Press the mask to child's face as you lift the
child's jaw making a seal between child’s face and
mask
• Connect supplementary oxygen to the mask
when available

15. High quality CPR improves chances of victim’s
survival-
Start compression within 10 sec of recognition of
cardiac arrest
Push hard push fast: Compress at a rate of at least
100/min with depth of approx. 2inches for children
and 11/2 inches for infants
Allow complete chest recoil after each compression
Minimize interruptions in compressions
Give effective breaths that make chest rise. [avoid
excessive ventilation]

16. Video