1. The document discusses the tissues of the internal environment, including blood, lymph, and connective tissues. 2. Blood consists of formed elements and plasma, and functions include transport, defense, and maintaining hemostasis. It contains erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes. 3. Hematopoiesis is the process by which blood cells are formed from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow through determination of multipotent progenitors into oligo- and unipotent progenitors and then mature blood cell types.

1. Tissues of internal environment
Classification:
1. Blood
2. Lymph.
3. Connective tissues

2. General characteristics of blood
Embryonic origin – mesenchyme
Consists of formed elements and
plasma
Functions:
- transport
- defense
- maintain hemostasis
Main properties
1. Reactivity
2. High regeneration

3. Erythrocytes
• Number - 4-5,5*1012/L
• Size – 7-7,5 mkm
• Shape – biconcave disk
• No nucleus
• Cytoplasm – oxyphilic
• Hemoglobin inclusions (HbA)
• Funcntion – gases transport

4. Erythrocyte cytoskeleton

5. Hemoglobin types
Kinds of Hb
1. P
2. F
3. A
4. S

6. Platelets
• Shape – oval (non-active), with
processes (active)
• Number 200-400*109/L
• Size 2-5 mkm
• 2 parts
- granulomere (α, δ, λ - granules)
- hyslomere
• PM: glycocalyx with numerous Rc
CD42
GPIa
GPIIbIIIa
GPVI
Thrombogenesis
P-selectin 1.Adhesion (receptors, cytoskeleton)
Functions: - thrombogenesis (clotting) 2.Agregation (secretion of granules),
• - regulation of inflammation 3.Stabilisation (+fibrinogen)
• - regulation of 4.Retraction
angiogenesis and 5.Thrombolysis (λ-granules)
regeneration

7. Leukocytes
Nph – 65-70% Eo – 1-5% Bph – 0-1%
• Shape – spherical
• Number 4-8*109/L
• Size - 6-20 мкм
• Nucleus
• Granules (+-)
• Cytoskeleton
• Receptors
Lph – 20-30%
Мc – 6-8%

8. Определить виды лейкоцитов

9. Blood as mirror of immunity

10. Innate and Adaptive immunity

13. Activation of leukocytes
Peripheral blood leukocytes are inactive
Chemoattractants - Activation
Adhesion – receptors, contact with vessel`s endothelium
Rоlling
Migration
Secretion of granules
Secondary alteration
Killing of microbes

14. How neutrophiles kill bacteria?

17. Hematopoiesis

18. Embryonic hematopoiesis

19. Aorta-gonad-mesonephros
region

21. Postembryonic hematopoiesis

22. Classes of hematopoietic cells

23. Summary on hematopoiesis
1. Stem cell - self-maintaining
- polypotent
СКК – CD34+/38- - slowly divided
- Не отвечают на запрос организма
2. Multipotent progenitors - form colonies
- myeloid and lymphoid
3. Oligo- and Unipotent progenitors - CFU-GM
- CFU-M, CFU-Nph, CFU-Eo, CFU-Bph, CFU-Mg
- BFU-E – CFU-E
4. Blasts - large
- fast division
5. Differentiating cells Morphologically different
Changes of shape and NCR
Accumulation of specific structures
6. Mature cells In peripheral blood