Bleeding neonate / child
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This document discusses causes and clinical features of bleeding in neonates and children. It covers etiologies such as coagulation disorders like hemophilia, platelet dysfunction including inherited conditions, thrombocytopenia due to various causes, and vascular disorders. Clinical features are described separately for neonates, which can include oozing from umbilical stump or bleeding from procedures, and for others, such as mucosal or joint bleeding, petechiae, or menorrhagia. Distinguishing features between platelet and coagulation disorders are also provided.
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Approach to a bleeding child
This document discusses the approach to managing bleeding in children. It covers various causes of bleeding including platelet disorders like thrombocytopenia from conditions like ITP, coagulation disorders, and dysfunctional fibrinolysis. It provides details on evaluating the clinical history and performing examinations and lab tests to identify the underlying cause. Specific conditions discussed in more depth include ITP, hemophilia, vitamin K deficiency, and DIC. Treatment approaches are described for replacing coagulation factors, corticosteroids, IVIG, platelet transfusions, and managing thrombotic disorders.
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This document summarizes findings from a seminar on platelet and coagulation disorders. It includes:
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This document provides an overview of hemostasis and approaches to diagnosing and managing common bleeding disorders in children. It discusses the components of hemostasis, clinical evaluation of bleeding symptoms, initial laboratory tests including CBC, PT, aPTT, and approaches to identifying causes such as platelet number/function, coagulation factor deficiencies, or liver disease. Common bleeding disorders like ITP, hemophilia A/B, and von Willebrand disease are reviewed in terms of presentation, diagnostic testing, and treatment options. Blood products for replacing clotting factors or platelets in treatment of bleeding are also summarized.
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This document summarizes findings from a seminar on platelet and coagulation disorders. It includes:
1. A table listing common clinical manifestations associated with specific hemostatic disorders, such as mucocutaneous bleeding seen in thrombocytopenias and platelet dysfunction disorders.
2. A list of laboratory tests useful in evaluating patients for platelet and coagulation disorders, including platelet count, bleeding time, and assays to measure coagulation factor levels.
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This document summarizes a seminar presentation on approaches to bleeding disorders in pediatric patients. It provides an overview of homeostasis and the blood clotting process, as well as some common bleeding disorders seen in pediatrics. The diagnosis of bleeding disorders involves taking a medical history, performing a physical exam, and conducting laboratory investigations such as platelet count, bleeding time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time to evaluate the platelet count and function, as well as factors in the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways.
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1. The document discusses various bleeding disorders including their causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment options. It covers disorders of platelets like ITP and coagulation factors deficiencies like hemophilia A.
2. Evaluation of bleeding disorders involves taking a thorough history and physical exam followed by screening tests like CBC, PT, aPTT. Specific disorders are then diagnosed and treated.
3. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include platelet transfusions, coagulation factor replacement, steroids, IVIG, splenectomy, antifibrinolytics, desmopressin, and managing precipitating conditions like infections.
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Coagulation factor disorders like hemophilia A and B cause prolonged PT or PTT and bleeding. They are treated with replacement factors or adjuvant drugs.
Platelet disorders can be quantitative or qualitative and cause petechiae or mucocutaneous bleeding. Treatment involves platelet transfusion.
Adjuvant drugs like aminocaproic acid, DDAVP, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and recombinant factor VIIa can help treat bleeding from various coagulation disorders.Approach To A Bleeding Child
This document discusses the approach to evaluating and treating bleeding in children. It covers the physiology of hemostasis, clinical evaluation, hereditary and acquired bleeding disorders like hemophilia A/B and von Willebrand disease, and platelet disorders. Specific case scenarios are presented to demonstrate how different bleeding patterns and test results can help diagnose conditions like hemophilia or platelet function defects. The role of factor replacement therapies, desmopressin, and other treatments are also summarized.
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This document discusses bleeding and thrombotic disorders. It provides information on hemostasis, mechanisms of bleeding, key aspects of diagnosis such as history and clinical characteristics. It covers laboratory testing including platelet count, bleeding time, platelet function assay, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and tests for fibrinolysis. It also discusses hereditary and acquired causes of bleeding disorders and provides details on specific conditions like hemophilia, von Willebrand disease and treatments.
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This document summarizes information about Glanzmann thrombasthenia, a rare genetic platelet disorder. It is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a defect in the 11bß3 integrin complex, which prevents normal platelet aggregation and clot formation. This leads to excessive bleeding and bruising. Diagnosis involves tests like platelet function analyzer, flow cytometry, and platelet aggregation studies. Treatment focuses on medications to reduce bleeding risk, vaccines to prevent infection from frequent transfusions, and recombinant activated factor VII for patients with antibodies preventing normal platelet function.
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Glanzmann Thrombasthenia is a rare, inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa platelet receptor. This defect impairs platelet aggregation and leads to prolonged bleeding. The disease severity can range from mild to severe depending on the level of the glycoprotein deficiency. Treatment focuses on lifestyle modifications and medications to reduce bleeding risks.
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A summarized review article containing the following items:
Causes of Mild Bleeding Disorders , Inherited causes, Acquired causes, Clinical Manifestations of Mild Bleeding Disorders, Items of value in bleeding histories, Prevalence of mild bleeding symptoms, A staged approach to diagnostic testing for mild bleeding problems, Commonly Faced Problems in Management of Mild Bleeding Disorders.
Treatment Options: Factor concentrates, Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) , Fresh Frozen Plasma, Indications of Plasma transfusion, Cryoprecipitate,Desmopressin, Thrombin, Antifibrinolytic drugs Tranexamic Acid and Aminocaproic Acid, Platelet transfusion, Fibrin glue, Vitamin K, Hormonal therapy, and intrauterine devices
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This document discusses various bleeding disorders including:
- Definition as a disorder characterized by spontaneous or excessive bleeding following trauma.
- Etiologies including vessel wall abnormalities (congenital or acquired like vasculitis) and platelet functional disorders.
- Specific disorders discussed in more detail include von Willebrand disease, hemophilia, Bernard-Soulier syndrome, and Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.
- Clinical features, laboratory findings, and treatment approaches are provided for many of the disorders.
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Approach to bleeding child
This document discusses hemostasis and various bleeding disorders. It defines hemostasis and describes the primary and secondary stages. The primary stage involves platelet plug formation from platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation. The secondary stage activates the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. The document outlines various signs and symptoms of bleeding disorders and provides examples. It discusses screening tests like complete blood count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and bleeding time. Finally, it analyzes several case scenarios involving abnormal coagulation test results.
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This document discusses bleeding in newborns, which can occur due to immature coagulation factors or maternal diseases/drugs. Bleeding may present as oozing from the umbilical stump or bruising. Evaluation includes a bleeding time, coagulation tests, and factor assays. Causes include coagulation disorders like vitamin K deficiency or hemophilia, platelet disorders like thrombocytopenia, and infections. Treatment depends on the underlying etiology but may include vitamin K, coagulation factor replacement, platelet transfusions, or IVIG. Proper history and screening tests are important to identify the specific bleeding disorder.
Bleeding neonate
1) A bleeding neonate can have deficiencies in clotting factors or platelets due to various causes such as lack of vitamin K, maternal medication exposure, or inherited conditions.
2) Evaluation involves examining the infant's history and health status to determine if signs point to a systemic problem or isolated clotting issue, and performing lab tests like PT, PTT, and factor assays.
3) Treatment depends on the underlying etiology but may include vitamin K, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, or specific clotting factor concentrates. Ongoing care and monitoring is important for managing inherited bleeding disorders or diseases.
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Medicine.Bleeding disorders.(dr.sabir)
1. The document discusses various bleeding disorders including their causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment options. It covers disorders of platelets like ITP and coagulation factors deficiencies like hemophilia A.
2. Evaluation of bleeding disorders involves taking a thorough history and physical exam followed by screening tests like CBC, PT, aPTT. Specific disorders are then diagnosed and treated.
3. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include platelet transfusions, coagulation factor replacement, steroids, IVIG, splenectomy, antifibrinolytics, desmopressin, and managing precipitating conditions like infections.
Congenital bleeding disorders
gives an overview of congenital bleeding disorders especially the more common ones - hemophilia and von willebrand disease
How to approach a child with bleeding disorder
This document provides guidance on evaluating and treating children with bleeding disorders. It outlines the key steps in the clinical approach: obtaining a medical history, conducting a physical exam, and ordering laboratory tests. Common inherited disorders include hemophilia A/B and von Willebrand disease, while acquired disorders include DIC and vitamin K deficiency. Based on the history and exam findings, specific laboratory tests are interpreted to identify coagulation factor deficiencies or other causes of bleeding. Common treatments target the underlying disorder, such as intravenous immunoglobulins for ITP or DDAVP for von Willebrand disease.
Approach to bleeding neonate
The document discusses the approach to evaluating and diagnosing bleeding in neonates. It notes that while the neonatal coagulation system is immature compared to adults, healthy term infants do not typically have bleeding issues. A bleeding neonate should first be assessed for general health and vitamin K administration history. Screening tests include a complete blood count, coagulation tests, and peripheral smear. Abnormal results can indicate disorders like disseminated intravascular coagulation, infection, liver disease, immune thrombocytopenia, or inherited coagulation factor deficiencies. The causes, patterns, and management of various bleeding disorders seen in neonates are described.
Bernard soulier syndrome
Bernard-Soulier syndrome is a rare inherited bleeding disorder characterized by large platelets and prolonged bleeding times. It results from mutations that cause a dysfunctional platelet glycoprotein receptor complex, leading to defective platelet adhesion. Patients present with mucocutaneous bleeding from an early age. Diagnosis involves identifying thrombocytopenia, large platelets on smear, and abnormal platelet aggregation tests. Treatment focuses on transfusions and minimizing trauma; stem cell transplantation may be considered for severe cases.
Approch to child With bleeding
This document discusses the approach to evaluating and managing a child presenting with a bleeding tendency. Key points include obtaining a thorough history including details of the bleeding, family history of bleeding disorders, and reviewing systems. A full examination focusing on sites of bleeding and developmental milestones is important. Initial investigations would include a CBC, coagulation studies, and bone marrow examination if ITP is suspected. Common causes discussed are immune thrombocytopenia, hemophilia A/B, and von Willebrand disease. Treatment is aimed at the underlying cause and ranges from observation to IVIG, steroids, platelet transfusions, or specialized coagulation factor replacement.
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This document discusses bleeding disorders in children. It covers the main types which are platelet disorders, coagulation disorders, and vascular abnormalities. Coagulation disorders can be congenital like hemophilia A and B which are caused by clotting factor deficiencies, or acquired like those caused by vitamin K deficiency or liver disease. Hemophilia A is caused by a factor VIII deficiency while hemophilia B is a factor IX deficiency. Clinical manifestations of hemophilia include easy bruising, joint bleeding, and bleeding from minor injuries that persists. Treatment involves replacing the missing clotting factor through infusions to achieve hemostatic levels.
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The document summarizes various bleeding disorders including their clinical features and classifications. Platelet disorders can cause petechiae and purpurae due to decreased platelet production, increased destruction, or sequestration. Clotting factor deficiencies like hemophilia A and B are inherited and cause hemarthroses, hematomas, and bleeding after trauma. Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder caused by a defect in von Willebrand factor.
hematology.wustl.edu/conferences/presentations/bli... hematology.wustl.edu/...
hematology.wustl.edu/conferences/presentations/bli... hematology.wustl.edu/...MedicineAndHealthCancer
Coagulation factor disorders like hemophilia A and B cause prolonged PT or PTT and bleeding. They are treated with replacement factors or adjuvant drugs.
Platelet disorders can be quantitative or qualitative and cause petechiae or mucocutaneous bleeding. Treatment involves platelet transfusion.
Adjuvant drugs like aminocaproic acid, DDAVP, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and recombinant factor VIIa can help treat bleeding from various coagulation disorders.Approach To A Bleeding Child
This document discusses the approach to evaluating and treating bleeding in children. It covers the physiology of hemostasis, clinical evaluation, hereditary and acquired bleeding disorders like hemophilia A/B and von Willebrand disease, and platelet disorders. Specific case scenarios are presented to demonstrate how different bleeding patterns and test results can help diagnose conditions like hemophilia or platelet function defects. The role of factor replacement therapies, desmopressin, and other treatments are also summarized.
Bleeding and Thrombotic Disorders
This document discusses bleeding and thrombotic disorders. It provides information on hemostasis, mechanisms of bleeding, key aspects of diagnosis such as history and clinical characteristics. It covers laboratory testing including platelet count, bleeding time, platelet function assay, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and tests for fibrinolysis. It also discusses hereditary and acquired causes of bleeding disorders and provides details on specific conditions like hemophilia, von Willebrand disease and treatments.
Glannzmann Thromboasthenia
This document summarizes information about Glanzmann thrombasthenia, a rare genetic platelet disorder. It is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a defect in the 11bß3 integrin complex, which prevents normal platelet aggregation and clot formation. This leads to excessive bleeding and bruising. Diagnosis involves tests like platelet function analyzer, flow cytometry, and platelet aggregation studies. Treatment focuses on medications to reduce bleeding risk, vaccines to prevent infection from frequent transfusions, and recombinant activated factor VII for patients with antibodies preventing normal platelet function.
Blood disorder
The hemophilia are disorders of hemostasis resulting from a deficiency of a procoagulant. Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder affecting approximately 1 in 7500 males.
Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Glanzmann Thrombasthenia is a rare, inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa platelet receptor. This defect impairs platelet aggregation and leads to prolonged bleeding. The disease severity can range from mild to severe depending on the level of the glycoprotein deficiency. Treatment focuses on lifestyle modifications and medications to reduce bleeding risks.
Bleeding disorders
A summarized review article containing the following items:
Causes of Mild Bleeding Disorders , Inherited causes, Acquired causes, Clinical Manifestations of Mild Bleeding Disorders, Items of value in bleeding histories, Prevalence of mild bleeding symptoms, A staged approach to diagnostic testing for mild bleeding problems, Commonly Faced Problems in Management of Mild Bleeding Disorders.
Treatment Options: Factor concentrates, Prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) , Fresh Frozen Plasma, Indications of Plasma transfusion, Cryoprecipitate,Desmopressin, Thrombin, Antifibrinolytic drugs Tranexamic Acid and Aminocaproic Acid, Platelet transfusion, Fibrin glue, Vitamin K, Hormonal therapy, and intrauterine devices
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This document discusses various bleeding disorders including:
- Definition as a disorder characterized by spontaneous or excessive bleeding following trauma.
- Etiologies including vessel wall abnormalities (congenital or acquired like vasculitis) and platelet functional disorders.
- Specific disorders discussed in more detail include von Willebrand disease, hemophilia, Bernard-Soulier syndrome, and Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.
- Clinical features, laboratory findings, and treatment approaches are provided for many of the disorders.
Dic
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a hemorrhagic disorder where uncontrolled clotting occurs in small blood vessels throughout the body. It arises secondary to an underlying condition and involves the inappropriate activation of coagulation factors and consumption of platelets and clotting inhibitors. DIC can be acute and life-threatening, causing rapid depletion of clotting factors and platelets, or chronic with milder manifestations. It is triggered by the release of tissue factors into the bloodstream from conditions like sepsis, trauma, pregnancy complications, and cancer. Treatment focuses on resolving the underlying cause, replacing clotting factors and platelets, and inhibiting further clotting with heparin.
Approach to bleeding child
This document discusses hemostasis and various bleeding disorders. It defines hemostasis and describes the primary and secondary stages. The primary stage involves platelet plug formation from platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation. The secondary stage activates the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. The document outlines various signs and symptoms of bleeding disorders and provides examples. It discusses screening tests like complete blood count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and bleeding time. Finally, it analyzes several case scenarios involving abnormal coagulation test results.
Clotting disorder 2/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Clotting disorder 2/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academyIndian dental academy
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hematology.wustl.edu/conferences/presentations/bli... hematology.wustl.edu/...
hematology.wustl.edu/conferences/presentations/bli... hematology.wustl.edu/...
Clotting disorder 2/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
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Bleeding in newborns
This document discusses bleeding in newborns, which can occur due to immature coagulation factors or maternal diseases/drugs. Bleeding may present as oozing from the umbilical stump or bruising. Evaluation includes a bleeding time, coagulation tests, and factor assays. Causes include coagulation disorders like vitamin K deficiency or hemophilia, platelet disorders like thrombocytopenia, and infections. Treatment depends on the underlying etiology but may include vitamin K, coagulation factor replacement, platelet transfusions, or IVIG. Proper history and screening tests are important to identify the specific bleeding disorder.
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1) A bleeding neonate can have deficiencies in clotting factors or platelets due to various causes such as lack of vitamin K, maternal medication exposure, or inherited conditions.
2) Evaluation involves examining the infant's history and health status to determine if signs point to a systemic problem or isolated clotting issue, and performing lab tests like PT, PTT, and factor assays.
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This document provides a review and recommendations on the diagnosis and management of dengue in children. It discusses that dengue is endemic in many parts of Asia and the Americas. The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Dengue classification has changed from dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever to simply dengue, dengue with warning signs, and severe dengue. Diagnosis involves tests for the NS1 antigen, IgG and IgM antibodies. Treatment depends on severity and can involve outpatient, inpatient or emergency care, monitoring for shock and hemorrhage.SPM
Steroids are potent drugs used in perinatal medicine to promote lung maturation in preterm infants and treat conditions like chronic lung disease. Antenatal steroids given between 24-34 weeks of gestation reduce the risks of respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and death in preterm infants. Postnatal steroids are used to treat chronic lung disease but have been associated with adverse short and long term effects like gastrointestinal bleeding and cerebral palsy. Steroids are also used to treat conditions like hypotension, hypoglycemia, and surgical conditions such as congenital diaphragmatic hernia in newborns. Further research is still needed to determine the optimal dosage and duration of steroid treatment in
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8 Anti Malarial Measures
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National Vector Born Disease Control Programme:- Newer Concepts.
This document summarizes information on malaria prevention and treatment strategies in India, including:
1) The National Drug Policy for malaria was updated in 2013 to reflect new effective drugs and resistance, with ACT now used to treat P. falciparum and chloroquine + primaquine for P. vivax.
2) India's National Framework for malaria elimination aims to eliminate malaria nationally by 2030, categorizing states by transmission levels and setting objectives to achieve elimination in different states by 2022, 2024, and 2027.
3) Key interventions include scaling up prevention, diagnosis and treatment, strengthening surveillance, and ensuring zero indigenous transmission nationally by 2030.
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Pulmonary Abscess in Children .. Dr Padmesh
This document discusses pulmonary abscesses in children. It defines a lung abscess as a localized collection of thick-walled purulent material within the lung parenchyma caused by infection and tissue destruction. Lung abscesses can be primary, occurring in previously healthy patients, or secondary, occurring in patients with underlying conditions. Common predisposing factors include aspiration, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, and immunosuppression. Symptoms include cough, fever, dyspnea, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves chest X-ray and CT scan identifying a cavity containing air-fluid levels. Treatment consists of antibiotics for 2-3 weeks, with surgical drainage for severe or unimproving cases. Prognosis is generally excellent.
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Presantation on bleeding disorder in pediatric patients
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APPROACH TO BLEEDING DISORDERS/PLATELET DISORDERS.pptx
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Bleeding neonate / child
- 1. Bleeding neonate / child CAUSES AND CLINICAL FEATURES
- 3. Hemostasis INJURY Collagen Exposure Platelet Adhesion and release reaction Platelet aggregation VASOCONSTRICTION Serotonin Platelet Phospolipid Thromboxane A2 ADP Primary haemostatic plug Stable haemostatic plug Tissue Factor Coagulation Thrombin Fibrin Fibrinolysis
- 4. ETIOLOGY
- 5. Coagulation Disorders Platelet Dysfunction Vascular Fibrinolytic disorders
- 6. Coagulation Disorders Inherited Acquired • Hemophilia A and B • von Willebrand Disease • Factor VII, X, XIII deficiency • Afibrinogenemia • Liver disease • Vitamin K deficiency • Warfarin overdose • DIC
- 7. Platelet Dysfunction Quantitative Qualitative • Decreased production • Increased destruction • Inherited ▫ Glanzmann thrombasthenia ▫ Bernard Soulier syndrome ▫ Gray platelet syndrome ▫ Wiskott Aldrich syndrome • Acquired ▫ Medications ▫ CRF ▫ Cardiopulmonary bypass
- 8. Thrombocytopenia • ITP • TORCH • Infections ▫ Kala azar, DHF, malaria, hepatitis B and C, HIV • Medications ▫ Valproate, penicillins, heparin, quinine, digoxin • Malignancies ▫ Leukemia, lymphoma, neuroblastoma • Collagen vascular disorders
- 9. • Bone marrow failure syndromes ▫ Thrombocytopenia with absent radii ▫ Fanconi anemia • Immunodeficiency syndromes ▫ Wiskott Aldrich syndrome • Others ▫ Hypersplenism, HUS, NAIT
- 11. Vascular causes • Henoch Schonlein purpura • Connective tissue disorder • Scurvy • Prolonged steroid use • Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
- 15. NEONATES • Oozing from umbilical stump • Cephalhematoma • Bruising, petechiae • Bleeding from site for venipuncture or procedure site • Bleeding from scalp • Intracranial hemorrhage • Bleeding from mucous membranes
- 16. OTHERS • Mucosal bleeds • Joint or muscle bleed • Bleeding after minor trauma • Petechiae and purpurae • Ecchymoses • Fever with rash • Hepatosplenomegaly • Significant lymphadenopathy • Menorrhagia
- 17. HISTORY • Age of onset • Sex • Frequency • Location / type of bleeding • Duration • Medications • Family history • Associated symptoms
- 18. Examination • Pallor • Petechiae, ecchymoses, rashes • Hepatosplenomegaly • Local examination of mouth and nose • Lymphadenopathy • Features of bone marrow failure • Any associated features
- 19. Platelet vs coagulation disorders Platelet Disorder Coagulation Disorder Site Skin, mucous membranes Deep in soft tissues, joint, muscles Petechiae Yes No Ecchymoses Small, superficial Large, deep Bleeding after minor trauma Yes No Bleeding after surgery Immediate, mild Delayed, severe Examples von Willebrand disease, ITP Hemophilia A and B