The document discusses using black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) to treat organic waste in Kathmandu Valley. It outlines the BSFL life cycle and rearing process, as well as the potential BSFL treatment process involving waste segregation, shredding, feeding larvae, and product harvesting. The larvae and its byproducts could be used as fish feed, chicken feed, or organic manure. While BSFL treatment has benefits like multiple byproducts and low startup costs, challenges include maintaining quality and scaling operations requires further study. Small municipalities may be suitable for initial implementations to contribute to circular economies and sustainability goals.

1. BSFL Treatment
Prabesh Gyawali, Nelson Kandel
SWM Group
Swachha Kathmandu Valley
PRASTAV-IDEATHON
https://www.nepalitimes.com/banner/a-load-of-rubbish/

2. Bio-degradable
- 75%
Reusable &
Recylable - 15%
Unrecyclable -
10%
Waste Composition of
Kathmandu Valley
Source:
The Kathmandu Post
16th April, 2021
Problem Scenario
1

3. Waste Management Practice in
Kathmandu Valley
Source:
The Record
2nd April, 2021
Problem Scenario
Landfill Site -
75%
Dumped in empty
places, river or burned
- 25%
2

4. BSFL (Black Soldier Fly Larvae)
Larvae Stage is of utmost
importance
Adult stage involves only in
reproduction Larval stage
13-18 days
Prepupal stage
~7 days
Eggs
4 days
Adult
5-8 days
Pupal stage
10 Days - months
3

5. BSFL Rearing Process
Larva Feeding
Love Cage
Dark Cage
Larva Separation
4

6. BSFL Treatment Process
Waste Segregation Waste Shredding Product Harvesting
Feeding Larvae
5

7. Possible Market
Fish Feed
Chicken Feed
Organic Manure
6

8. Technical & Economic Details
Processed larvae offers 43% protein and 33% fat of its total mass.
[Chia et. al, 2018]
1 kg BSFL eggs takes about 15 days to decompose 4.5 – 7.5 tons.
[kimmyfarm.com]
Optimum temperature for larvae is 24 to 30 degree Celsius. [Salam
et. al, 2022]
A farm in Chitwan offers 3000 flies and training for BSFL farming at
a cost of Rs. 15,000. [setopati.com]
7

9. Benefits
Multiple byproducts
Low initial investment cost
Easy to use technology
Limitation
Segregation of waste is
compulsory
Quality maintenance is
challenging
Scaling up requires detailed
study
8

10. Conclusion
Suitable for small to large scale implementation.
Small municipalities are suitable for initial implementations.
Contributing in circular economy.
Complying with SDG Goals:
SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities)
SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production).
9

11. References
1. Amrul, N.F.; Kabir Ahmad, I.; Ahmad Basri, N.E.; Suja, F.; Abdul Jalil, N.A.; Azman, N.A. A Review of Organic
Waste Treatment Using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). Sustainability 2022, 14, 4565.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084565
2. Pang, Wancheng & Hou, Dejia & Nowar, Elhosseny & Chen, Huanchun & Zhang, Jibin & Zhang, Guoping & Li,
Qing & Wang, Shucai. (2020). The influence on carbon, nitrogen recycling, and greenhouse gas emissions under
different C/N ratios by black soldier fly. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 24. 10.1007/s11356-020-
09909-4.
3. Gligorescu, Anton, et al. "Production and optimization of Hermetia illucens (L.) larvae reared on food waste and
utilized as feed ingredient." Sustainability 12.23 (2020): 9864.
4. Salam, Muhammad, et al. "Effect of different environmental conditions on the growth and development of Black
Soldier Fly Larvae and its utilization in solid waste management and pollution mitigation." Environmental
Technology & Innovation 28 (2022): 102649.
5. Chia, Shaphan Yong, et al. "Threshold temperatures and thermal requirements of black soldier fly Hermetia
illucens: Implications for mass production." PloS one 13.11 (2018): e0206097.
6. https://www.setopati.com/kinmel/business/221918
7. https://kimmyfarm.com/en/nutritional-value-of-black-soldier-fly-larvae
8. https://kimmyfarm.com/en/5-ideal-conditions-for-black-soldier-fly-larvae-farming