Bismuth ferrite is a multiferroic material with rhombohedral crystal structure and Curie and Neel temperatures of 825°C and 360°C respectively. It exhibits ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism simultaneously. Bismuth ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized using a sol-gel method, which is a bottom-up approach involving hydrolysis and condensation of bismuth nitrate, iron nitrate, and citric acid precursors. The nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the hexagonal crystal structure and an average crystalline size of 33.87 nm. Nanoparticle-based technologies are important for developing advanced applications in areas such as memory devices, telecommunications, and

2. Bismuth Ferrite
Rhombohedral Structure.
Multi-ferroic.
Curie temperature(tc=825 c)
Neel tempreature (tN=360 c)

3. MULTIFERROICS (Definition)
 Materials that simultaneous
exhibit two or more ferroic
properties in the same
phase.
Ferroelectric(anti)
Ferromagnetic(anti)
Ferroelastic(anti)

4. Advantages of
BFO Nano Particles
Used in
•Memory Devices
• Telecommunication
• Sensors

6. Synthesis of BFO
 Synthesis refers to a combination of two
or more entities that together form
something new.
 Two approaches…
Top-down Bottom-up

7. TOP - DOWN BOTTOM - UP
 Breaking Down Matter into
more basic building blocks.
 Fabrication is often more
easily
 A lot of material is wasted
 Used in Fibres.
 Useful in making large scale
nanostructure.
 Building up complex systems
by combining Simple atomic
level components.
 Limitations in how big
structures can be made
 This approach leads to less
wastage.
 Approach Used currently.
 Nature use this approach.

9. Method in which solid particles are dispersed in
Liquid(sol) and together they form a 3-D network
extending throughout the liquid(gel).
•Involves hydrolysis.
•Low temperature process.
•By this, we get amorphous nano crystals.
•Being a Bottom-Up approach, this method is cost
effective.

10. Steps Involved in typical Sol Gel Method
Hydrolysis
Condensation
Gelation
Ageing
Drying

11. Distilled Water 90 ml
Bismuth Nitrate 4.04g
Iron nitrate 4.8507g
Nitric acid 20 ml
Citric acid 3.8424 g

12. Synthesis Flow Chart
Distilled Water
Mixed SolutionBismuth nitrate Citric Acid+
Iron Nitrate Solution
Heating Under Vigorous Stirring
Auto Combustion
Brownish Viscous Resin
Brown Powder is formed
Calcinated
3BiFeO
Nitric acid

13. Observations
1. SOL
2. GEL
3. AUTO
COMBUSTI
ON
4. GRINDED

14. Advantages of SOL - GEL Method
1. Cheap Method
2. Homogeneous Compound can be achieved.
3. Very small particle size can be obtained.
4. Low operating temperature .

16. Characterization
Characterization refers to the study of material’s features
such as its composition, structure,& various properties like
physical, electrical, magnetic etc.
In our experiment , we use X-Ray Diffraction
method to study the crystal structure of BFO
nano particles obtained.

17. X-rays
• Consists of high Energy Photons (em waves).
• EM radiation with wavelength from 0.01 nm to 10 nm falls into
category of X- ray.
• K.E. of a moving electron is converted into a photon.
• Inverse Photoelectric effect.
• Unaffected by Electric and Magnetic fields.
• Faster the electron, more penetrating resulting X-rays.
• Greater the number of electrons, greater intensity of X-ray beam.

18. X-ray Diffraction
XRD can be used to look at various characteristics of the single crystal or
polycrystalline materials using Bragg’s Law ,
nλ = 2d sinθ

19. Powder Method
is fixed, radiation
is variable.
Specimen consist of million of
powder particles, each oriented
randomly in space.
K


20. X-Ray Characterstic Radiation
Target Wavelength (A)
Mo 0.71
Cu 1.54
Co 1.79
Fe 1.94
Cr 2.29

21. For Hexagonal Lattice
Where and

23. Observation

24. Observations Continued……..

25. a = 5.880 nm
c = 139.040 nm
v = 376 (A)^3
These values are given by JCPDS cards.
Number of atoms in a unit cell can be calculated
and found to be 6.

26. From Debye Scherrer Formula
D = Crystalline size
= wavelength of X-ray used
= peak width
= angle at maximum intensity peak





27. Result and Discussion
We have prepared Bismuth Ferrite Nano particles using
electro spinning method.
Nano particles were heated at 400 c temperature in order to
get pure phase.
Crystalline size is found using Debye Scherrer formula=
33.87 nm.
Prepared nano particles were characterized by XRD.
The results are in concurrence with existing literature.
0
0

28. Nanoparticle-based technologies
cover different fields of science.
Nanoparticles, are key components
in the development of new
advanced technologies.
Nanoparticle characterization is
necessary to establish
understanding and control of
nanoparticle synthesis and
applications.

29. Acknowledgements
Special Thanks to :::
Prof. Binay Kumar sir
Abhishek sir
Harsh sir (P.hD. Scholar)
Abid sir (P.hD. Scholar)
Sanjay sir (P.hD. Scholar)

30. Any
Comments
or Queries