Biotransformation is the process whereby a substance is changed from one chemical to another (transformed) by a chemical reaction within the body”.

2.  Khushbkht Khan
 Sehrish Khan
 Huma Iqbal
 Maryum Batool
 Muryum Farooq

4. "Biotransformation is the process whereby a
substance is changed from one chemical to another
(transformed) by a chemical reaction within the
body”.

5.  Chemical reaction:
 Hydroxylation.
 Oxidation (of hydroxyl group),
 Reduction (of carbonyl group),
 Hydrogenation,
 Glycosyl conjugation,
 Hydrolysis.

6. By hydroxylases.

7. By oxidases

8. By Reductase

9.  Transferases
 Isomerases
 Reductases

11. By transferases

13. Plants
cellulose,
wood, and
rubber.
terpenoids,
cardenolides,
coumarins,
anthraquinones
flavonoids,
glucosinolates,
alkaloids
drugs,
flavors,
pigments (food
ingredients),
agrochemicals

14.  the formation and the accumulation of some
secondary metabolites does not normally
occur in the cultured cells of higher plants.

15.  The biotransformation of exogenous
substrates by the plant cultured cells.

16. Lavandula angustifolia

17.  a shrub with a well-developed woody base,
 growing to a height of about 2 ft,
 A native of theWest Mediterranean region

18.  Oil Of Lavender
 Anti-inflammatory,
 anxiolytic,
 mutagenic activities
 analgesic property
 natural repellant,
 pharmaceutical and industrial auxiliaries

19.  Cell suspension culturing
 MS media
 MT media
 SH media
 Main Growth Regulators:
 2,4-D
 IAA
 Kinetin
 Sucrose
 Coconut water
 Vitamin complexes

20.  Exogenous Compounds:
 octanal,
 citronellal,
 linalyl acetate,
 bornyl acetate,
 geranyl acetate,
 linalool,
 borneol,
 citronellol
 menthol.

21. ester hydrolysis and oxidation were the main
reactions which occurred in biotransformation
process.

23. The data in this work indicates that the natural
metabolite monoterpenoids such as linalool
were not converted but linalool with added
functional groups (linalyl acetate) was
efficiently transformed using cells.

24. A Case Study

25.  Greatly found on unsterilized dental material.
 Hazards:
I. Contact dermatitis in dentists.
II. Inhalation has potential effects on lung cells.

26.  The main CYP-metabolizing capacity of the
lungs is found in the bronchiolar Clara cells
and alveolar type 2 cells.
 Lung diseases such as lung cancer caused by
chemical pollutants are often suggested to
originate from these cells.

27.  Beneficial as toxic compounds are inactivated
and removed from the body.
 However, biotransformation of xenobiotics
sometimes results in the formation of
reactive metabolites that may cause severe
damage to cellular molecules.

28.  Biotransformation enzymes which results in
HEMA toxicity in lungs is tested.

29.  Alveolar type 2 cells are cultured onWilliams
E medium
 epidermal growth factor
 Insulin
 Hydrocortisone

30.  Immunofluorescence
 RT-PCR
 microscopy

31.  HEMA induces apoptotic like morphology in
primary cultures of rat alveolar type 2 cells by
a different mechanism.
 the increased toxicity could be expressed via
metabolic activation by the CYP2E1 enzyme.