FOR B.PHARM 3RD YEAR

2.  ‘Micro-propagation has many synonyms-tissue
culture, mass propagation, in-vitro culture,
cloning.
 In vitro clonal propagation.
 Micro-propagation is the practice of rapidly
multiplying stock plant material to produce a
large number of progeny plants, using modern
plant tissue culture methods.
 Widely used for orchids, ferns, many interior
foliage plants, etc.

3. Clone is a plant population derived
from a single individual by asexual
reproduction.
Clonal Propagation is the
multiplication of genetically identical
individuals by asexual reproduction.

4.  Clonal reproduction
 Multiplication stage can be recycled many
times to produce an unlimited number of
clones
 Easy to manipulate production cycles
 Disease-free plants can be produced

5. Rapid clonal in vitro propagation of plants:
• From cells, tissues or organs
• Cultured aseptically on defined media
• Contained in culture vessels
• Maintained under controlled conditions of light
and temperature

6. Commercialization of Micro-propagation
1970s & 1980s
Murashige (1974)
Broad commercial application

7. Tip bud
Leaf
Axillary
bud
Internode
Root
Starting material for
micropropagation

8. ♣ Part of plant
♣ Genotype
♣ Physiological condition
♣ Season
♣ Position on plant
♣ Size of explants

9. ♣ Minerals
♣ Sugar
♣ Organic ‘growth factors’
♣ Growth regulators
♣ Gelling agent
♣ Other additives

10. ♣ Temperature
♣ Moisture
♣ Light

11.  Stage 0-I–Establishment
◦ Selection of the explants plant
◦ Sterilization of the plant tissue
takes place
◦ Establishment to growth medium
 Stage II - Proliferation
◦ Transfer to proliferation media
◦ Shoots can be constantly divided
 Stage III – Rooting & Hardening
◦ explants transferred to root media
◦ explants returned to soil

12.  Organogenesis
◦ Organogenesis via callus formation
◦ Direct adventitious organ formation
 Embryogenesis
◦ Direct embryogenesis
◦ Indirect embryogenesis
 Micro-cutting
◦ Meristem culture (Mericloning)
◦ Bud culture

13. • From one to many propagules rapidly.
• Multiplication in controlled lab
conditions.
• Continuous propagation year round.
• Potential for disease-free propagules.
• Inexpensive per plant once established.

14. • Specialized equipment/facilities required.
• More technical expertise required.
• Protocols not optimized for all species.
• Plants produced may not fit industry
standards.
• Relatively expensive to set up.

15. • Rapid increase of stock of new varieties.
• Elimination of diseases.
• Cloning of plant types not easily propagated
by conventional methods.
• Propagules have enhanced growth features
(multibranched character)