This document discusses using DARAMEND and EHC bioremediation amendments to treat soils and groundwater contaminated with organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). It provides details on DARAMEND's successful use in ex situ soil treatment and in situ soil and groundwater treatment. Case studies show DARAMEND reduced OCP concentrations in soils by 65-83% within 3 weeks for soils and 2-10 months for in situ and groundwater applications. EHC similarly reduced OCPs in groundwater within 4 days to 10 months.
Biorestoration deals with restoring or bringing back to an original or near original state using living micro-organisms. Nature has a built in check and balance system in everything it does. If there is too much or too little of something nature will use various life forms to try to re-establish a balance
Bioremediation refers to using microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and plants to remove or neutralize pollutants from the environment. There are different types of bioremediation including biostimulation, bioaugmentation and intrinsic bioremediation. Bioremediation can treat a variety of pollutants like organic wastes, hydrocarbons, heavy metals and industrial wastes through metabolic reactions carried out by microbes. It provides a natural, low-cost and environmentally friendly approach to cleanup of contaminated waste sites.
The document discusses the potential for white rot fungi, such as Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 and P. chrysosporium IFO31249, to bioremediate polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs). Experiments showed that both fungi were capable of degrading between 70-75% of various PCDDs and PCDFs within 14 days when supplemented with glucose and oxygen. The degradation occurred through non-specific extracellular enzymes and showed no clear dependence on substrate structure. Care was taken to prevent evaporation and exposure during the experiments.
With the expansion and development of the aquaculture industry, several challenges arise. The intensification of production systems increases the pressure on the environment, which can severely affect water quality and as a consequence fish or shrimp performance and the incidence of diseases.
Biodegradation and Bioremediation, an environmental friendly treatment methods to sustain natural environment unchanged. This is the Reliable, and cost effective application.
The document discusses bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to degrade environmental pollutants. It describes different types of bioremediation including in situ and ex situ methods. In situ bioremediation occurs on-site and can be intrinsic or engineered, while ex situ involves removing contaminated material for treatment using methods like land farming, composting, or biopiles. The document also outlines factors influencing bioremediation and lists some advantages and limitations.
This document discusses bioremediation, which uses living organisms like microbes and plants to reduce environmental pollution. It describes various in-situ and ex-situ bioremediation techniques, including bioventing, biosparging, bioaugmentation, biostimulation, phytoremediation, landfarming, composting and mycoremediation. Examples are provided of bioremediation being used successfully to treat sites contaminated with hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and other pollutants. Both intrinsic and engineered systems are outlined.
Bioremediation and Biodegradation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils: A Reviewiosrjce
This document reviews research on bioremediation and biodegradation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils. It discusses the roles of natural attenuation, biostimulation, and bioaugmentation in bioremediation. Specifically, it finds that biostimulation using organic substances like poultry manure and food waste are effective for optimizing bioremediation. Aerobic degradation processes are also found to be the most viable technique for field application of bioremediation. The document also examines the roles of oxygen supply and other factors on bioremediation effectiveness and efficiency.
Biorestoration deals with restoring or bringing back to an original or near original state using living micro-organisms. Nature has a built in check and balance system in everything it does. If there is too much or too little of something nature will use various life forms to try to re-establish a balance
Bioremediation refers to using microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and plants to remove or neutralize pollutants from the environment. There are different types of bioremediation including biostimulation, bioaugmentation and intrinsic bioremediation. Bioremediation can treat a variety of pollutants like organic wastes, hydrocarbons, heavy metals and industrial wastes through metabolic reactions carried out by microbes. It provides a natural, low-cost and environmentally friendly approach to cleanup of contaminated waste sites.
The document discusses the potential for white rot fungi, such as Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 and P. chrysosporium IFO31249, to bioremediate polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs). Experiments showed that both fungi were capable of degrading between 70-75% of various PCDDs and PCDFs within 14 days when supplemented with glucose and oxygen. The degradation occurred through non-specific extracellular enzymes and showed no clear dependence on substrate structure. Care was taken to prevent evaporation and exposure during the experiments.
With the expansion and development of the aquaculture industry, several challenges arise. The intensification of production systems increases the pressure on the environment, which can severely affect water quality and as a consequence fish or shrimp performance and the incidence of diseases.
Biodegradation and Bioremediation, an environmental friendly treatment methods to sustain natural environment unchanged. This is the Reliable, and cost effective application.
The document discusses bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to degrade environmental pollutants. It describes different types of bioremediation including in situ and ex situ methods. In situ bioremediation occurs on-site and can be intrinsic or engineered, while ex situ involves removing contaminated material for treatment using methods like land farming, composting, or biopiles. The document also outlines factors influencing bioremediation and lists some advantages and limitations.
This document discusses bioremediation, which uses living organisms like microbes and plants to reduce environmental pollution. It describes various in-situ and ex-situ bioremediation techniques, including bioventing, biosparging, bioaugmentation, biostimulation, phytoremediation, landfarming, composting and mycoremediation. Examples are provided of bioremediation being used successfully to treat sites contaminated with hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and other pollutants. Both intrinsic and engineered systems are outlined.
Bioremediation and Biodegradation of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils: A Reviewiosrjce
This document reviews research on bioremediation and biodegradation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils. It discusses the roles of natural attenuation, biostimulation, and bioaugmentation in bioremediation. Specifically, it finds that biostimulation using organic substances like poultry manure and food waste are effective for optimizing bioremediation. Aerobic degradation processes are also found to be the most viable technique for field application of bioremediation. The document also examines the roles of oxygen supply and other factors on bioremediation effectiveness and efficiency.
A pesticide can be defined as any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest.
Pesticides like insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and various other substances are used to control or inhibit plant diseases and insect pests.
The positive aspect of application of pesticides renders enhanced crop/food productivity and drastic reduction of vector-borne diseases.
However excessive use of these chemicals leads to the microbial imbalance, environmental pollution and health hazards.
Due to these problems, development of technologies that guarantee their elimination in a safe, efficient and economical way is important.
This document provides an overview of bioremediation. Some key points:
- Bioremediation uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to remove or break down pollutants in the environment. It can be used to treat contamination in soil, water, and solid waste.
- There are different types of bioremediation including biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and intrinsic bioremediation. Genetically engineered microbes are also used.
- The microbes degrade pollutants through redox reactions and metabolic pathways. Bioremediation can be done on-site (in situ) or by removing contaminated material to another location (ex situ).
The document discusses bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to clean up polluted environments. It defines bioremediation as using microbes or their enzymes to return polluted environments to their original condition. Common pollutants that can be treated with bioremediation include petroleum hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, explosives, and some inorganic compounds. Bioremediation has advantages like being cost effective and using a natural process, though it also has disadvantages like not being instantaneous and compounds sometimes needing to be in a biodegradable form first. In conclusion, bioremediation is an attractive alternative to traditional remediation methods for cleaning contaminated sites.
This document discusses bioremediation and biodegradation strategies for cleaning the environment. It defines bioremediation as using microorganisms like Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Azotobacter to remove toxic pollutants. Biodegradation is the breakdown of substances by microbes through biochemical reactions. Examples of microbes that aid biodegradation in different environments are provided. Recent approaches discussed include using earthworms, deep sea bacteria, and genetically modified organisms to remediate contamination.
This document discusses bioremediation techniques used to clean up contaminated sites. It provides an overview of Solutions-IES, a company that specializes in bioremediation, and describes how bioremediation works by stimulating microbes already present or adding microbes to degrade contaminants. The document also highlights example projects where bioremediation was used successfully to remediate chlorinated solvents like TCE below regulatory limits. Emerging technologies are discussed for addressing new contaminants of concern.
Bioremediation uses living organisms like microbes and plants to degrade environmental pollutants into less toxic or non-toxic substances. Key bioremediation strategies include adding genetically engineered microbes, using indigenous microbes, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation using plants. Bioremediation aims to break down pollutants so they are undetectable or at safe concentrations set by regulatory agencies. New techniques include using chelates to help plants extract heavy metals from soil or microbes that can transform toxic chromium VI into less toxic chromium III.
Bioremediation uses microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi to remove or neutralize pollutants from the environment. There are different types of bioremediation including biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and intrinsic bioremediation. Bioremediation can occur in situ at the pollution site or ex situ by removing contaminated materials to another location. Various microbes and plants are effective at bioremediating sites contaminated with hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and other organic and inorganic pollutants.
The document discusses soil pollution and remediation related to pharmaceuticals and biological agents. It covers topics such as the soil microbiome, antibiotics and lateral gene transfer, problems caused by antibiotic resistance in soil, and potential solutions. Papers are reviewed that examine the role of antibiotic use in agriculture as a major driver of antibiotic resistance worldwide and the risks posed by pathogens and resistant bacteria in animal waste that can spread to surrounding environments, foods, and communities.
Micro-organisms are well known for their ability to break down a huge range of organic compounds and absorb inorganic substances. Currently, microbes are used to clean up pollution treatment in processes known as ‘bioremediation’.
The document discusses the removal of heavy metals from polluted sites using microorganisms through the process of bioremediation. It outlines how certain bacteria, algae, and fungi are able to uptake and accumulate heavy metals through various binding mechanisms. Bioremediation holds promise as a more eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Ongoing research is focused on determining the most suitable bioremediation strategies for different contaminated sites and optimizing environmental conditions to enhance microbial activity.
The document discusses bioremediation as a method for treating hazardous wastes using biological organisms. It describes how microorganisms can break down and degrade many types of environmental contaminants through metabolic processes. Bioremediation is beneficial as it uses naturally occurring microbes to detoxify pollutants in an inexpensive and environmentally friendly manner. The document outlines different bioremediation techniques including in situ and ex situ methods and notes the optimal conditions required to maximize the effectiveness of bioremediation in remediating sites contaminated with chemicals, oils, and other organic wastes.
1. Biodegradation is the process by which microorganisms like bacteria and fungi break down pesticides into non-toxic substances.
2. Common pesticides that are biodegraded include the soil fumigant methyl bromide, the herbicide dalapon, and the fungicide chloroneb.
3. For effective biodegradation, organisms must be able to degrade the pesticide, the pesticide must be bioavailable, and soil conditions must support microbial growth. Strategies to enhance biodegradation include biostimulation, bioventing, and bioaugmentation.
This document discusses surfactants and their applications in agriculture. It begins by defining surfactants and their structure, then describes the main types - anionic, cationic, amphoteric, and nonionic. It discusses factors to consider when choosing surfactants for crop production. The document outlines the major applications of surfactants in herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. It details the effects of surfactants on plants and soils, as well as their use in agrochemical formulations. Finally, it explores the potential applications of biosurfactants in agriculture as more sustainable alternatives to synthetic surfactants.
Bioremediation uses microorganisms, fungi, or plants to break down pollutants and return the environment to its natural state. Some techniques include using naturally occurring organisms, adding nutrients to stimulate growth, or genetically modifying organisms. Studies have shown that certain species of halophilic archaea in hypersaline coastal environments can degrade hydrocarbons from crude oil, with degradation increasing at higher salt concentrations, demonstrating the potential for natural bioremediation of oil spills in those environments.
The USEPA defines biodegradation as a process by which microbial organisms transform or alter (through metabolic or enzymatic action) the structure of chemicals introduced into the environment.
According to the definition by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the term biodegradation is “Breakdown of a substance catalyzed by enzymes in vitro or in vivo.
The term is often used in relation to ecology, waste management, biomedicine, and the natural environment (bioremediation) and is now commonly associated with environmentally friendly products that are capable of decomposing back into natural elements.
Biodegradable matter is generally organic material such as plant and animal matter and other substances originating from living organisms, or artificial materials that are similar enough to plant and animal matter to be put to use by microorganisms.
This document provides an overview of bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollution. It discusses various techniques used for hydrocarbon pollution removal and their disadvantages. It then describes bioremediation as a natural process that uses microorganisms to degrade hydrocarbons into less toxic forms. The document outlines different bioremediation strategies like bioaugmentation and biostimulation and notes advantages such as low cost and generating non-toxic byproducts. It also discusses using genetically engineered microorganisms and phytoremediation using plants. In conclusion, the document emphasizes the need for understanding biodegradation mechanisms to transform pollutants in less toxic forms using microorganisms and plants.
This document discusses various engineering strategies for bioremediation. It begins by outlining the importance of site characterization, pollutant characterization, and geohydrochemical characterization. It then discusses approaches like biotreatability tests, bioaugmentation, biopiling, biosparging, and different ex-situ techniques like land farming and composting. The key factors that affect bioremediation like nutrient requirements, oxygen supply, and mass transfer are also summarized.
An Oregon nonprofit group called Ocean Blue Project is using mushrooms to clean up pollutants like pesticides from waterways through a process called bioremediation. Bioremediation uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to break down hazardous chemicals into harmless byproducts. The group is harnessing fungi like oyster mushrooms, which can break down pollutants either on site or by extracting contaminated soil. Specific microorganisms like Pseudomonas putida, Deinococcus radiodurans, and Alcanivorax borkumensis are able to degrade various toxic chemicals and hydrocarbon pollutants through bioremediation.
This document discusses bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to break down contaminants in soil and water. It can be used to treat sites contaminated with organic compounds by stimulating bacteria and fungi that are naturally present or introduced. The microbes use the contaminants for food and break them down into simpler, less toxic substances. Two types of bioremediation are discussed - in situ, which treats contaminants on-site without removing soil, and ex situ, which treats removed soil. Specific in situ techniques include bioventing, biosparging, and biostimulation. The document also summarizes a study that used a fungal consortium to treat wastewater from a pulp and paper mill, significantly
El documento resume la entrevista a María José Mayor, CEO de eShow, sobre el éxito de esta feria dedicada al e-commerce, marketing online y nuevas tecnologías. eShow ha crecido edición tras edición incorporando nuevos sectores y está presente en varias ciudades internacionales. Su éxito se debe a seguir innovando con contenidos nuevos para el sector. También incluye una entrevista a Carlos Barrau, presidente de ONAHOTELS, grupo hotelero familiar que se ha consolidado a través de la absorción de establecimientos y tiene planes de expans
Change your story - "We have a unique opportunity to build on the shoulders of the giants we stand on and create a better place for the next generation.'
A pesticide can be defined as any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest.
Pesticides like insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and various other substances are used to control or inhibit plant diseases and insect pests.
The positive aspect of application of pesticides renders enhanced crop/food productivity and drastic reduction of vector-borne diseases.
However excessive use of these chemicals leads to the microbial imbalance, environmental pollution and health hazards.
Due to these problems, development of technologies that guarantee their elimination in a safe, efficient and economical way is important.
This document provides an overview of bioremediation. Some key points:
- Bioremediation uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to remove or break down pollutants in the environment. It can be used to treat contamination in soil, water, and solid waste.
- There are different types of bioremediation including biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and intrinsic bioremediation. Genetically engineered microbes are also used.
- The microbes degrade pollutants through redox reactions and metabolic pathways. Bioremediation can be done on-site (in situ) or by removing contaminated material to another location (ex situ).
The document discusses bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to clean up polluted environments. It defines bioremediation as using microbes or their enzymes to return polluted environments to their original condition. Common pollutants that can be treated with bioremediation include petroleum hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, explosives, and some inorganic compounds. Bioremediation has advantages like being cost effective and using a natural process, though it also has disadvantages like not being instantaneous and compounds sometimes needing to be in a biodegradable form first. In conclusion, bioremediation is an attractive alternative to traditional remediation methods for cleaning contaminated sites.
This document discusses bioremediation and biodegradation strategies for cleaning the environment. It defines bioremediation as using microorganisms like Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Azotobacter to remove toxic pollutants. Biodegradation is the breakdown of substances by microbes through biochemical reactions. Examples of microbes that aid biodegradation in different environments are provided. Recent approaches discussed include using earthworms, deep sea bacteria, and genetically modified organisms to remediate contamination.
This document discusses bioremediation techniques used to clean up contaminated sites. It provides an overview of Solutions-IES, a company that specializes in bioremediation, and describes how bioremediation works by stimulating microbes already present or adding microbes to degrade contaminants. The document also highlights example projects where bioremediation was used successfully to remediate chlorinated solvents like TCE below regulatory limits. Emerging technologies are discussed for addressing new contaminants of concern.
Bioremediation uses living organisms like microbes and plants to degrade environmental pollutants into less toxic or non-toxic substances. Key bioremediation strategies include adding genetically engineered microbes, using indigenous microbes, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation using plants. Bioremediation aims to break down pollutants so they are undetectable or at safe concentrations set by regulatory agencies. New techniques include using chelates to help plants extract heavy metals from soil or microbes that can transform toxic chromium VI into less toxic chromium III.
Bioremediation uses microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi to remove or neutralize pollutants from the environment. There are different types of bioremediation including biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and intrinsic bioremediation. Bioremediation can occur in situ at the pollution site or ex situ by removing contaminated materials to another location. Various microbes and plants are effective at bioremediating sites contaminated with hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and other organic and inorganic pollutants.
The document discusses soil pollution and remediation related to pharmaceuticals and biological agents. It covers topics such as the soil microbiome, antibiotics and lateral gene transfer, problems caused by antibiotic resistance in soil, and potential solutions. Papers are reviewed that examine the role of antibiotic use in agriculture as a major driver of antibiotic resistance worldwide and the risks posed by pathogens and resistant bacteria in animal waste that can spread to surrounding environments, foods, and communities.
Micro-organisms are well known for their ability to break down a huge range of organic compounds and absorb inorganic substances. Currently, microbes are used to clean up pollution treatment in processes known as ‘bioremediation’.
The document discusses the removal of heavy metals from polluted sites using microorganisms through the process of bioremediation. It outlines how certain bacteria, algae, and fungi are able to uptake and accumulate heavy metals through various binding mechanisms. Bioremediation holds promise as a more eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional wastewater treatment technologies. Ongoing research is focused on determining the most suitable bioremediation strategies for different contaminated sites and optimizing environmental conditions to enhance microbial activity.
The document discusses bioremediation as a method for treating hazardous wastes using biological organisms. It describes how microorganisms can break down and degrade many types of environmental contaminants through metabolic processes. Bioremediation is beneficial as it uses naturally occurring microbes to detoxify pollutants in an inexpensive and environmentally friendly manner. The document outlines different bioremediation techniques including in situ and ex situ methods and notes the optimal conditions required to maximize the effectiveness of bioremediation in remediating sites contaminated with chemicals, oils, and other organic wastes.
1. Biodegradation is the process by which microorganisms like bacteria and fungi break down pesticides into non-toxic substances.
2. Common pesticides that are biodegraded include the soil fumigant methyl bromide, the herbicide dalapon, and the fungicide chloroneb.
3. For effective biodegradation, organisms must be able to degrade the pesticide, the pesticide must be bioavailable, and soil conditions must support microbial growth. Strategies to enhance biodegradation include biostimulation, bioventing, and bioaugmentation.
This document discusses surfactants and their applications in agriculture. It begins by defining surfactants and their structure, then describes the main types - anionic, cationic, amphoteric, and nonionic. It discusses factors to consider when choosing surfactants for crop production. The document outlines the major applications of surfactants in herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. It details the effects of surfactants on plants and soils, as well as their use in agrochemical formulations. Finally, it explores the potential applications of biosurfactants in agriculture as more sustainable alternatives to synthetic surfactants.
Bioremediation uses microorganisms, fungi, or plants to break down pollutants and return the environment to its natural state. Some techniques include using naturally occurring organisms, adding nutrients to stimulate growth, or genetically modifying organisms. Studies have shown that certain species of halophilic archaea in hypersaline coastal environments can degrade hydrocarbons from crude oil, with degradation increasing at higher salt concentrations, demonstrating the potential for natural bioremediation of oil spills in those environments.
The USEPA defines biodegradation as a process by which microbial organisms transform or alter (through metabolic or enzymatic action) the structure of chemicals introduced into the environment.
According to the definition by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the term biodegradation is “Breakdown of a substance catalyzed by enzymes in vitro or in vivo.
The term is often used in relation to ecology, waste management, biomedicine, and the natural environment (bioremediation) and is now commonly associated with environmentally friendly products that are capable of decomposing back into natural elements.
Biodegradable matter is generally organic material such as plant and animal matter and other substances originating from living organisms, or artificial materials that are similar enough to plant and animal matter to be put to use by microorganisms.
This document provides an overview of bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollution. It discusses various techniques used for hydrocarbon pollution removal and their disadvantages. It then describes bioremediation as a natural process that uses microorganisms to degrade hydrocarbons into less toxic forms. The document outlines different bioremediation strategies like bioaugmentation and biostimulation and notes advantages such as low cost and generating non-toxic byproducts. It also discusses using genetically engineered microorganisms and phytoremediation using plants. In conclusion, the document emphasizes the need for understanding biodegradation mechanisms to transform pollutants in less toxic forms using microorganisms and plants.
This document discusses various engineering strategies for bioremediation. It begins by outlining the importance of site characterization, pollutant characterization, and geohydrochemical characterization. It then discusses approaches like biotreatability tests, bioaugmentation, biopiling, biosparging, and different ex-situ techniques like land farming and composting. The key factors that affect bioremediation like nutrient requirements, oxygen supply, and mass transfer are also summarized.
An Oregon nonprofit group called Ocean Blue Project is using mushrooms to clean up pollutants like pesticides from waterways through a process called bioremediation. Bioremediation uses microorganisms like bacteria and fungi to break down hazardous chemicals into harmless byproducts. The group is harnessing fungi like oyster mushrooms, which can break down pollutants either on site or by extracting contaminated soil. Specific microorganisms like Pseudomonas putida, Deinococcus radiodurans, and Alcanivorax borkumensis are able to degrade various toxic chemicals and hydrocarbon pollutants through bioremediation.
This document discusses bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to break down contaminants in soil and water. It can be used to treat sites contaminated with organic compounds by stimulating bacteria and fungi that are naturally present or introduced. The microbes use the contaminants for food and break them down into simpler, less toxic substances. Two types of bioremediation are discussed - in situ, which treats contaminants on-site without removing soil, and ex situ, which treats removed soil. Specific in situ techniques include bioventing, biosparging, and biostimulation. The document also summarizes a study that used a fungal consortium to treat wastewater from a pulp and paper mill, significantly
El documento resume la entrevista a María José Mayor, CEO de eShow, sobre el éxito de esta feria dedicada al e-commerce, marketing online y nuevas tecnologías. eShow ha crecido edición tras edición incorporando nuevos sectores y está presente en varias ciudades internacionales. Su éxito se debe a seguir innovando con contenidos nuevos para el sector. También incluye una entrevista a Carlos Barrau, presidente de ONAHOTELS, grupo hotelero familiar que se ha consolidado a través de la absorción de establecimientos y tiene planes de expans
Change your story - "We have a unique opportunity to build on the shoulders of the giants we stand on and create a better place for the next generation.'
Este documento resume la información sobre el VIH y el SIDA. Explica que el SIDA es el conjunto de enfermedades que resultan de la infección por el VIH. Señala que en los primeros años no hay síntomas y que es posible transmitir el VIH aún sin verse enfermo. También destaca la importancia del tratamiento para el VIH y las formas de prevenir la transmisión a través del sexo sin protección o el compartir agujas.
El documento ofrece consejos sobre una alimentación saludable, incluyendo la importancia de seguir una dieta equilibrada y variada similar a la dieta mediterránea tradicional. Se explican los principales nutrientes necesarios y sus cantidades recomendadas, y se proporcionan pautas como comer más frutas, verduras y cereales integrales y menos alimentos procesados y azúcares añadidos. La OCU también ofrece asesoría jurídica y fiscal a sus socios.
The fabulous vintage collection of Louis de poortere features some really stunning rugs in patchwork pattern called Multi Rugs. You will get every possible colour combination in this range from orange, red, purple, green, yellow, blue, black and white. Using the finest yarn of wool and cotton, this spectacular range is woven on Jacquard Wilton loom to create the intricate detailing. Its backing is treated with an anti-slip back to prevent movement on the floor. The usage of modern and contemporary colour tones gives life to its intricate designs. Rugs from this range features flat weave pile that makes it thinner than other tufted rugs. They are highly durable and easy to maintain. You will get rugs from this range in eight standard sizes that are 60x90, 80X150, 140X200, 170x240, 200X280, 230x230x 280X360 and a runner size.
http://www.therugshopuk.co.uk/rug-supplier/louis-de-poortere-rugs/multi.html
El documento describe los pasos para construir un instrumento musical simple llamado "Brik Monocordio" utilizando un envase Tetra Brik vacío. Los pasos incluyen dibujar y cortar un círculo en el envase para hacer la boca de resonancia, hacer agujeros en el tapón para pasar una cuerda, clavar chinchetas en los extremos del envase para sujetar la cuerda, y agregar un gancho en la parte inferior para colgar y tocar el instrumento.
Power Up Your Visibility - Use Keywords!Be Visible
Here are the slides from my virtual workshop: Power Up Your Visibility with Keywords.
One of the biggest problems for small businesses is getting more qualified clients and customers to find you. You know they’re out there, but attracting them is a whole other story.
In the race to use social media many businesses have ignored one of the most powerful marketing tools at our disposal: Google!
The fact is, you don’t have to run expensive Google ads to attract the people you want to do business with. You need to use the words and phrases that your ideal customers are using so you can be right there when they need you most.
You can regsiter for the live workshop by linking here: http://bit.ly/1GPxfMM
And you can find out about Blog School where I teach these concepts here: http://bit.ly/blogschool
Autocares Ruiz Muñoz es una empresa de transporte de viajeros por carretera fundada en 1981 que ofrece servicios de transporte escolar, para empresas, discrecional y publicitario. Cuenta con una flota diversa de autobuses de diferentes capacidades y un equipo profesional con amplia experiencia. La empresa se centra en ofrecer un servicio de calidad a sus clientes.
Una conversación sobre la necesidad de preguntarnos cómo podemos transitar hacia nuevos modelos de participación ciudadana en la Era de la Colaboración, cómo serán los nuevos modelos de creación de valor social en la nueva era y cual será su impacto en nuestros modelos de gobierno y organizaciones políticas
Presentación realizada en la semana de Ciencia y Tecnología, organizada por el Concyt, Guatemala 2012. presenta las características que deben de tener los hospitales informatizados, denominados Líquidos, para poder acercar más al paciente y enviar y recibir información de manera más directa
Este documento ofrece consejos para elegir una meta profesional y un plan de acción para alcanzarla. Recomienda determinar tus intereses, habilidades y valores para definir una meta. Luego sugiere investigar carreras potenciales, entrevistarse con profesionales, y crear un plan escrito con los pasos para alcanzar la meta. Enfatiza la importancia de creer en ti mismo para lograr tus sueños a través de tu confianza, esfuerzo y constancia.
MBANY-Mitigation Risks in Construction LendingBrooks S. Clark
This document announces an educational breakfast panel event hosted by the Mortgage Bankers Association of New York to discuss construction lending. The panel will consist of an attorney, developer, and lenders, moderated by an executive from AEI Consultants. They will discuss how risk retention rules have affected construction lending flows, what lenders remain active, and where in the US construction lending is still occurring. The panel aims to provide insight into obtaining construction financing for development projects today.
Para comprar un libro en la Librería de sexología Primera Vocal, se debe ingresar a su página web, buscar el libro deseado en el catálogo o novedades y agregarlo al carrito de compras, luego proveer los datos personales y de envío, seleccionar la forma de pago y finalizar la compra para recibir la confirmación y el libro en unos días.
Democracia en América. La sombra de la desigualdad.stalinjap
Este documento resume los puntos principales de varios artículos sobre democracia en América Latina. Se discute la relación entre desarrollo económico, desigualdad y populismo, y cómo la desigualdad socioeconómica afecta el apoyo a la democracia. También analiza las demandas que las sociedades latinoamericanas hacen a las democracias y la tensión entre liberalismo político y económico en países altamente desiguales. Los autores exploran cómo estos factores influyen en las actitudes hacia la
The Data Opportunity - Make data your best assetSemetis
This document discusses 5 case studies of implementing data solutions: (1) linking CRM and web data to optimize marketing, (2) creating personalized dynamic remarketing banners, (3) integrating web sales into an existing database, (4) matching online leads to offline sales, and (5) infusing external weather API data into analytics. Each case study outlines the business need, solution, challenges, and multi-step architecture to understand, build, run, analyze, and optimize the data implementation through various platforms and tools. The document emphasizes starting small, leveraging existing infrastructure, and building solutions in phases to close loops between online and offline data sources and channels.
A presentation for BCNLAB meeting about the role of crowdsourcing in understanding the urban metabolism and so, helping to improve environmental quality
Acuerdo de Trabajo y Estrategia de Acción del LLECE. Carta compromiso ministe...eraser Juan José Calderón
Los viceministros de educación de América Latina y el Caribe acuerdan continuar el trabajo del Laboratorio Latinoamericano de Evaluación de la Calidad de la Educación (LLECE) para monitorear el progreso hacia los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible relacionados con la educación. Esto incluye desarrollar el cuarto estudio regional comparativo y explicativo para 2016-2020 y fortalecer las capacidades nacionales en medición y evaluación educativa a través de seminarios y asistencia técnica. El LLECE proporciona una val
LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE BIOREMEDIATION OF SOIL CONTAMINATED BY DIESEL IAEME Publication
The most widely used energy and fuel resources are hydrocarbons such as crude oil and petroleum distillates. The accidental discharge of these petroleum products contribute in making hydrocarbons the most common environmental pollutants. Bioremediation helps to destroy or render harmless various contaminants using natural biological activity. The present study utilizes the potential of bioremediation to remediate soil contaminated with diesel. Eight bioreactors were used for the study, out of which four bioreactors were maintained at optimum environmental conditions and the remaining four were kept without any maintenance to serve as control bioreactors. Contaminated soil was prepared by mixing fresh soil and diesel so as to attain 10% TPH concentrations by weight of soil. Each bioreactor was filled with 3 kg of contaminated soil.
BIOREMEDIATION FOR GREEN EARTH IN KURDSTIAN.pptxWaelElEssawy2
Bioremediation is the use of living organisms, such as microbes and bacteria, to remove contaminants, pollutants, and toxins from soil and water. It’s a fascinating branch of biotechnology that aims to clean up environmental problems caused by factors like oil spills or contaminated groundwater. Here is an example of the process used in Kurdistan.
Wael El Essawy
This document summarizes a study on the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels on sugarcane crops. Sugarcane plants were grown in open-top chambers with CO2 concentrations of 350 ppm (ambient) and 700 ppm (elevated). Exposure to elevated CO2 increased sugarcane fresh weight and fresh juice yield by 24% in both years of the study. The yield increase was due to the plants growing larger with respect to diameter. The study concludes that elevated CO2 benefits C4 plants like sugarcane and increasing atmospheric CO2 levels could support sugarcane as a major cash crop.
Development of an experimental rig for bioremediation studiesAlexander Decker
The document describes the development of an experimental rig for bioremediation studies using indigenous technology. Key details include:
- The rig consists of various units like air pretreatment, fixed bed bioreactors, volatile organic compound traps, air flow meter, and carbon dioxide traps.
- Components were sized, designed, and fabricated locally at low cost. Testing showed the rig effectively degraded 75% of oil and grease from contaminated soil over 10 weeks.
- The rig was used to study bioremediation of soil contaminated with spent motor oil in 6 treatments with various additives over room temperature.
Bioremediation uses microorganisms or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. There are two main types - in situ treats pollutants on site, while ex situ removes pollutants to off-site facilities. Examples of in situ techniques include bioventing, biosparging, and in situ biodegradation which supply oxygen and nutrients to stimulate bacteria. Ex situ methods include slurry and aqueous reactors which process contaminated materials in a contained system. Bioremediation can degrade pollutants like copper but has limitations such as environmental constraints and long treatment time.
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Removal of anionic surfactant from grey water and its comparison with chemica...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that compares the removal of anionic surfactants from greywater using natural and chemical adsorbents. The study determined optimum adsorption conditions like dose, equilibrium time, and pH for various adsorbents including alum, lime, karanj seed powder, and tulsi leaf powder. Batch experiments showed natural adsorbents had higher maximum adsorption capacities than chemical adsorbents. The natural adsorbents also showed very good correlation to Freundlich isotherm models, indicating they were effective at removing anionic surfactants from greywater.
Removal of anionic surfactant from grey water and its comparison with chemica...Alexander Decker
This document compares the removal of anionic surfactant from greywater using natural and chemical adsorbents. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted using alum and lime as chemical adsorbents, and powdered karanj seed and tulsi leaves as natural adsorbents. The effects of adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, and adsorption isotherms were examined. Results showed that the natural adsorbents were more effective at removing anionic surfactant than the chemical adsorbents. Maximum adsorption capacities were higher for the natural adsorbents based on fitting isotherm data to Langmuir and Freundlich models. Overall, the study demonstrated that
Presentation at the ESPP stakeholder meeting concerning the use on farmland of sewage biosolids (04/12/2018) organised by the European Sustainable Phosphorus Platform (ESPP, www.phosphorusplatform.eu)
All outcomes of the meeting can be found here https://www.phosphorusplatform.eu/activities/conference/meeting-archive/1788-espp-meeting-sludge-2018
This study evaluated the biodegradability of the antioxidant diaryl-p-phenylene diamine (DAPD) using a modified inherent biodegradation test. DAPD is used in tires and rubber products. Previous studies found it was not readily biodegradable using standard tests. This study used radiolabeled DAPD (R-898) at low concentrations of 10-100 μg/L added to silica gel to enhance solubility, along with a surfactant. After 28 days, no parent compound remained. After 63 days, 37% had mineralized and 29% was incorporated into biomass, demonstrating biodegradation. The modifications enhanced the sensitivity of the test to show DAPD
This document discusses phytoremediation, which uses plants to remove contaminants from soil, water, or sediment. It describes various phytoremediation processes like phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, and phytotransformation. Case studies examine using water hyacinth and duckweed to remove heavy metals like cadmium and zinc from wastewater. While low-cost and environmentally friendly, phytoremediation has disadvantages like slow cleanup times and potential for contaminants to enter the food chain. Overall, phytoremediation can play a role in remediating contaminated sites in an ecological and sustainable manner.
Pollution and contamination are similar, referring to unwanted substances introduced into the environment that can adversely affect it. Land can become contaminated via pollution from various sources like surface water, chemicals, and waste water, rendering it unusable. Remediating contaminated land requires assessing the site history and contamination extent before choosing techniques like excavating soil, washing contaminants in situ or ex situ, using air flow or thermal methods like incineration to treat the issues. While remediation is expensive, it is necessary for environmental health and safety.
THIS SLIDE CAN GIVE THE INFORMATION ABOUT THAT HOW TO REMOVE THE POLLUTION FROM SOIL AND WATER AND HOW COULD WE SAVE THE WATER SOIL AND ALSO OUR ENVIRONMENT.
Study and prediction of persistent organochlorine and organophosphorous pesti...iosrjce
The indiscriminate use of toxic pesticides had created an environment that without this poison the
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long it will continue or weather a paradigm change in the agricultural field is required? With this objective a
field study was conducted in the cardamom plantations of Idukki district in South India to estimate and predict
the persistence of pesticide residue in the soil environment. It is observed that residues of endosulfan, DDT and
organophosphorous pesticides were present in soil samples at 31.6 %, 29 % and 21 % respectively. The present
study gives a prediction of the concentration of persistent pesticide residues in the soil if the present dose and
frequency of application is continued. The study also highlighted the adsorption capacity of soil in the study
area and low water solubility of pesticides used in cardamom plantations which is referred as partition
coefficient. The soil properties such as pH, organic content and microbial concentration which determine the
fate of degradation of pesticides and formation of its metabolites are also been discussed in this context. Based
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decrease at higher concentration of pesticide applications but the concentration of persistent pesticides
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The predicted values on multiple applications where the concentrations in soil may build up and reach a
plateau, are 2.559,0.2559, 1.7324 and 0.659 mgKg-1
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Biosystem treatment approach for seaweed processing wastewater Premier Publishers
Wastewater obtained from the seaweed washing process often contains residual chemicals, as the seaweed is typically washed using chemicals. Here, we used a biosystem to treat wastewater obtained after seaweed processing. The research goals were to determine the effectivity and capacity of this biosystem for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and nitrites in the wastewater. We planted and prepared the biosystem bin, adapted the plants in the biosystem bin until they were ready for use, and we performed wastewater treatment using the biosystem either with or without the addition of an active bacterial suspension. The results show that addition of the active suspension significantly improved effectivity with respect to COD and nitrites (p<0.05). With respect to COD, BOD, and nitrites, the effectivity of the biosystem with an added active suspension was 83.9, 87.2, and 55.5%, respectively; the effectivity of the biosystem without the active suspension was 79.2, 83.3, and 38.7%, respectively. The capacity of the biosystem with an added active suspension was 13.226, 6.805, and 0.014mg/L/m3hour with respect to reducing COD, BOD, and nitrites, respectively; the capacity of the biosystem without an active suspension was 12.485, 6.496, and 0.009 mg/L/m3hour, respectively.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document discusses bioremediation techniques for treating fish processing waste. It provides background on the large quantities of solid waste and wastewater generated by fish processing plants. Both aerobic and anaerobic bioremediation techniques can be used, including intrinsic and accelerated bioremediation which use indigenous or added microorganisms. Specific in situ techniques mentioned are bioventing, biostimulation, and bioaugmentation. Essential factors for effective microbial bioremediation include suitable microbial populations, oxygen, water, nutrients, temperature, and pH. Bioremediation is seen as a cost effective and environmentally friendly way to treat fish processing waste and other pollutants.
Soil solution changes affected by biosolids and aluminumAlexander Decker
The document summarizes the results of an incubation experiment investigating the effects of biosolids and water treatment residuals (WTRs) on soil solution chemistry when applied to Troy soils. Key findings include:
1) Soil solution pH and electrical conductivity increased significantly with higher WTR and biosolid application rates and longer incubation times, reflecting their liming effect and supply of elements.
2) Concentrations of nutrients and elements like calcium, potassium, sodium, and phosphorus in the soil solution changed significantly over incubation time and with WTR/biosolid additions.
3) Trace elements like copper, nickel, manganese, and zinc also showed changes in soil solution concentration during incubation and with amendments.
Soil lixiviation and slow release pattern of starch-nano sliver particles-enc...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by the International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The journal provides a common forum where all aspects of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences are presented. The journal invites original papers, review articles, technical reports and short communications containing new insight into any aspect Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences that are not published or not being considered for publication elsewhere.
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1. Bioremediation of
Pesticides
Introduction
This document summarizes Adventus experience treating organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soil and groundwater
using DARAMEND® and EHC™ bioremediation amendments. Adventus has offered DARAMEND for ex situ
treatment of recalcitrant compounds in soil for more than 10 years. DARAMEND has also shown to be effective for
in situ applications. As OCPs bind strongly to the soil, the impacts are often limited to the upper couple of feet and
regular agricultural equipment could be used for in situ application of the DARAMEND amendments. Variations of
these materials have also been found effective for in situ treatment of OCPs in groundwater. EHC and
DARAMEND are also effective for treatment of a number of other inorganic and organic compounds and could
hence be used for mixed impacts. In addition, formulations of these compounds are available for simultaneous
immobilization of heavy metals such as arsenic, chromium and lead.
DARAMEND for OCPs in Soil
DARAMEND is an advanced biological treatment technology for soil, sediment and solid wastes contaminated
with recalcitrant organic compounds. DARAMEND has been successfully applied to more than 2,000,000 tons of
soil, sediment, and other materials contaminated with persistent compounds including polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), PCP, phthalates, chlorinated herbicides and pesticides, organic explosive compounds and
wood preservatives at a variety of industrial and Department of Defense (DOD) sites in the United States, Canada,
and Europe. Given our excellent record of performance, Adventus is willing to guarantee the remedial
performance of our technology.
The key components of DARAMEND bioremediation technology are (i) amendment of the material to be
remediated with DARAMEND organic amendments, and (ii) regulation of oxygen availability and moisture content
by mechanical tillage and irrigation, respectively. The treatment schedule and the exact formula of the
DARAMEND amendments vary depending on the compound to be treated. For OCPs, an approach with cycled
anaerobic and aerobic conditions have been found to be the most effective and the DARAMEND amendments are
comprised of organic material, and reduced iron and/or reduced zinc. The organic fraction is derived from natural
plant fibers rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, and therefore serves as a carbon source for microbiological
consumption. DARAMEND also provides major, minor and micro nutrients required for rapid microbial growth.
DARAMEND bioremediation enhances and promotes natural bioremediation rates by adjusting conditions in a soil
matrix to stimulate biodegradation of target compounds. No microbial inoculation is conducted. The amendments
will be manufactured regionally (Illinois or Iowa) using a proprietary process.
Ex Situ Applications
Traditionally, DARAMEND has been applied to excavated
soil in on-site biotreatment cells. Adventus recently
completed the full-scale remediation of a pesticide impacted
superfund site in Montgomery, Alabama. At this site
Toxaphene, DDT, DDD, and DDE were remediated in a
land treatment cell over an average of 8 treatment cycles.
The results from this project as well as a few other pesticide
projects recently completed using DARAMEND
bioremediation are highlighted in Table 1 and Appendix A.
Figure 1: Placement of soil into treatment cell.
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
2. Bioremediation of Pesticides
2
Table 1: Influence of DARAMEND bioremediation on OCPs in soils at sites in the USA and Canada.
Site Compound Concentration (mg/kg) Initial Final Treatment Period
Uniroyal Chemical,
Ontario, Canada
2,4-D 97 3.8
2,4,5-T 8.1 1.3 9 months
DDT 53.5 4.7
CIBA-Giegy,
Ontario, Canada
Metolachlor 72 1 10 months Atrazine 15 1.5
W.R. Grace,
South Carolina, USA
Toxaphene 239 5.1 4 months DDT 89 16.5
THAN Superfund Site,
Alabama, USA
Toxaphene 189 11
DDT 84 9 10 months
DDD 180 52
DDE 25 6
ATOFINA Chemicals
Kentucky, USA
a-HCH 7,647 446
99 days
b-HCH 1,200 373
Lindane 567 14
d-HCH 747 57
HCB 10.9 1.3
In Situ Treatment of OCPs in Soil
DARAMEND bioremediation can also be effectively applied in situ as a land treatment process. Soil and
amendments are blended using a rotary tiller, driven by an agricultural tractor, with an effective penetration of 2 ft.
Deeper soil impacts may be treated in situ using deep soil mixing equipment or by applying the treatment in lifts.
Depending on the cost of excavation and the depth of contamination this may be more cost effective than ex-situ
treatment. Water content is one critical process parameter and is adjusted using agricultural irrigation equipment.
The results from a couple of in situ projects are provided in Table 2.
Figure 2: Application of DARAMEND. Figure 3: Irrigation to add moisture.
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
3. Table 2: Influence of DARAMEND bioremediation applied in situ.
Site Compound Concentration (mg/kg) Initial Final Treatment Period
Agricultural Site,
Florida, USA Dieldrin 45.9 15.1 2 weeks
Future Residential
Development Site, CA
(confidential)
DDT 2.0 0.33
DDE 3.1 0.7 3 weeks
DDD 0.07 0.025
EHC for OCPs in Groundwater
EHC is a patented combination of controlled-release carbon and zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles used for
stimulating reductive dechlorination of otherwise persistent organic compounds in groundwater. EHC uses the
same basic chemistry as DARAMEND, but is specifically formulated for easy injection into the subsurface. EHC is
provided in 50-lb bags as a dry powder and mixed with water on site into a slurry. The slurry is injected into the
subsurface using a number of available technologies, including direct injection through GeoProbe rods and
hydraulic/pneumatic fracturing. EHC slurry may also be applied via direct application into trenches or by using
deep soil mixing equipment. Common applications include hot-spot treatment, plume treatment and plume
management using a permeable reactive barrier.
Relevant Treatment Performance
EHC has been evaluated at both bench and field scale for treatment of various OCPs in groundwater (Table 3).
Please note that the results refer to a single application of EHC and the treatment time refers to the elapsed time
post application. More detailed information is provided for a couple of the projects in Appendix B.
Bioremediation of Pesticides
3
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
4. Table 3: Influence of EHC bioremediation on OCPs in groundwater/saturated soils at sites in the USA.
Dibromochloropropane
[ug/L] 1.5 0.26
Ethylene dibromide
[ug/L] 1.5 0.5
[mg/L] 240 20
Endrin [ug/L] 20.5 0.6
pp'-DDD [ug/L] 1.3 ND
pp'-DDT [ug/L] 11.9 ND
Endrin Ketone [ug/L] 1.4 ND
Total BHCs [ug/L] 1.1 0.51 Field data (mean
Dieldrin [ug/L] 0.60 0.19 conc.) - 6 months
Endrin [ug/L] 0.58 0.36
Total BHCs+
Dieldrin+Endrin [ug/L] 2.3 1.1 Field data (mean
conc.) - 10 months
Toxaphene [mg/kg] 127.7 8.7 Mean conc. in
Total OCPs [mg/kg] 169.1 11.8 – 8 months
Bioremediation of Pesticides
Site Compound
Concentration
Final /
Latest
Data
Initial / Treatment Period
Control
Pilot-Scale PRB,
Pesticide Manufacturing
Facility, California, USA
Still ongoing -
5 months
Nitrate-nitrogen
Plume Treatment using 3
Reactive Zones,
Former Pesticide
Manufacturing Facility,
SE USA
Batch study
(detects) – 4 days
Hot-Spot Treatment,
Former Pesticide
Manufacturing Facility,
SE USA
saturated soil
4
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
6. Field Prole
DARAMEND ®
Project
Future Residential Development Site, Canada
Condential Client
Summary
A future residential development was to be built on land that had concentrations of organochlorinated pesticides
such as DDT and DDE that exceeded the governmental residential use guidelines. As a much less expensive and
environmentally friendly solution compared to hauling and disposing of the soil, the developer contracted Adventus
to provide turn-key bioremediation
of the soil. To provide poof-of-concept,
a two-acre pilot project was
initiated. Within a period of three
weeks, Adventus was able to meet
the soil treatment goals using its
patented DARAMEND technology.
The cost of the pilot project was
approximately US $40,400 per acre.
Full-scale remediation of over 30
acres of land is planned for 2007, at a
projected cost of US $29,900 to
$32,100 per acre.
The Challenge
A former agricultural site (Fig. 2 ) was being converted to
residential use; however, the soil contained pesticide
concentrations that exceeded the governmental guidelines for
residential use. Application of pesticides over many decades
to the apple trees and strawberries resulted in this
contamination. A total of approximately 34 acres of land
exceeded the guidelines on this 300-acre site. The impacted
areas were divided into ten elds spread across the site. A
number of ponds are on site, which had been previously used
for irrigation purposes. Digging and disposing of the soil
would have been much more expensive to implement. A more
cost-eective and environmentally-friendly solution was
preferable.
Figure 2: Former apple orchard.
Figure 1: Breaking ground on DARAMEND soil bioreme diation.
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
7. Lab-Scale Validation and Performance Warranty
A bench-scale study was rst performed using a soil sample toe nsure the technology was going to be eective at
the site. The study was successful, and this enabled Adventus to provid ae performance warranty for the pilot work.
With the exception of a mobilization fee, no payment would be requeidr if the soils did not meet the treatment
goals. Adventus is able to oer such a strong warranty because ocfo ndence in the technology from past projects
and experience with the site soil.
Field Work
DARAMEND treatment of organochlorine pesticides such as DDT, DDE, DDD, Dieldrin, Toxaphene, Chlordane,
and many others requires a treatment approach where the soil isc cleyd between reducing conditions and aerobic
conditions. The DARAMEND amendment ( Fig. 3 ), which in this case was a combination of controlled-release
carbon and zero-valent iron, was spread onto the soil and incorporated usinge dpe rotary tillers (Fig. 4 5 ).
Once incorporated into the soil, water is added to achieve the desired moisture content. This step initiates
the reductive phase of the treatment. Native microorganisms in the soil utilize the carbon and nutrients
provided by the DARAMEND to drive the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) down. Corrosion of the
iron, as intended, further reduces the ORP. This
combination of processes creates an environment
where chlorine atoms are removed from the
pesticides. After the reductive phase, the soil is
tilled again to dry out the soil to a lower moisture
content and introduce oxygen into the soil. This
allows further breakdown of the organic
pesticides and prepares the soil for further
treatment cycles if necessary. In this case, only
one treatment cycle was required.
Field Prole
2
Figure 3: DARAMEND 1-ton bag. Figure 4: Deep rotary tiller attached to tractor.
Figure 5: Deep rotary tiller working soil.
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
8. The Result
The results of the treatment are summarized inT able 1 for DDT, DDE, and DDD. The removal eciencies were
83% for DDT, 77% for DDE, and 65% for DDD. The nal soil concentra tions met the treatment goals and the soil
is suitable for residential development. If further reductionsw ere required, additional treatment cycles would
provide additional treatment.
DDT ( μg/g) DDE ( μg/g) DDD ( μg/g)
Composite Initial 2.0 3.1 0.065
Post DARAMEND Treatment 0.34 0.70 0.023
Removal Eciency 83% 77% 65%
Figure 6: Treated soil.
Field Prole
3
Table 1: Inuence of DARAMEND treatment on organoc hlorinated pesticide concentrations.
The Conclusion
The project was completed on budget and in a
period of only three weeks, at a cost of
approximately US $40,400 per acre for this pilot
project. Full-scale remediation of over 30 acres
of land is planned for 2007, at a projected cost of
US $29,900 to $32,100 per acre. These costs are
far less than the costs of excavation, hauling, and
disposal.
In addition, the treatment method is more
environmentally friendly for a number of
reasons. The soil is treated on site (Fig. 6 ) as
opposed to using landll space. The treatment
method uses little energy and very few resources.
Finally, contaminants are being destroyed, not
just transported.
For more information, contact us by phone at 888.295.8661 or by email at info@advent us.us.
DARAMEND is a registered trademark of Adventus Inte llectual Property Inc.
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
9. Field Prole
DARAMEND ®
Project Title
Full-Scale Bioremediation of Pesticide Impacted Soil/Sediment
T.H. Agriculture Nutrition (THAN) Superfund Site
Montgomery, Alabama
Summary
Soil and sediment (~4,500 tons) impacted with Toxaphene,
DDT, DDD and DDE were excavated from impacted areas on
the site, including a surface water drainage way. Impacted silos
were placed in a prepared bed on site and a cycled,
anaerobic/aerobic bioremediation treatment protocol was
administered. Following the application of 3 to 12 treatment
cycles Toxaphene, DDT, DDE, and DDD concentrations were
reduced by 95%, 89%, 71%, and 76%, respectively.
The Challenge
Toxaphene, DDT, and DDD exceeded remedial objectives in most areas of the site initially. Toxaphene and DDD
concentrations, in particular, were highly elevated in some eaar s. We believe that Toxaphene and DDD
concentrations in this range have previously never been succeussllfy remediated using a biological treatment
technology.
The Solution
Application of DARAMEND , a proprietary organic amendment, and powdered iron through repeated and
sequential application generate anoxic and oxic conditions. Amnedments are incorporated to a depth of two feet
using a specialized deep rotary tiller. Water is then applied to bring soil moisture content up to 90% of the soil water
holding capacity (WHC). These steps are repeated for each treatmen ctycle.
The Result
The remedial goals (i.e., Toxaphene 29 mg/kg, DDT 94 mg/kg, DDD 132 mg/kg, and DDE 94 mg/kg), were
reached in all areas of the treatment cell following the application of 3 to 12 treatment cycles. The number of
treatment cycles required to reach the remedial goal w apsrimarily dependent on the initial concentrations.
Analytical results indicate that mean Toxaphene, DDT, DDD, and DDE concentrations were reduced from 189
mg/kg, 81 mg/kg, 180 mg/kg, and 25 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg, 9 mg/kg, 52 mg/kg, and 6 m/kgg, respectively. This
corresponds to removal and destruction eciencies (RDE) of 95%, 89%, 71%, and 76%.
In some sampling zones initial pesticide concentrations were mhu chigher than the mean concentrations and
performance in these zones was correspondingly more eective. o Fr example, Toxaphene, DDT, DDD, and DDE
concentrations were reduced from 720 mg/kg, 227 mg/kg, 590 mg/kg, and 65 mg/kog 1t0.5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg, 87
mg/kg, and 8.6 mg/kg, respectively, in heavily impacted regions ofh te site. This corresponds to RDE’s of 99%,
94%, 85%, and 87%
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
10. The Cost
The treatment cost per ton varied according to the init iacloncentration and ranged between $29/ton and $63/ton.
The average unit cost for the treatment of approximately 4,500 tons of soils w aspproximately $55/ton.
The Timeline
As indicated above, variable contaminant concentrations resulteind variable treatment time requirements. Remedial
goals were reached after three treatment cycles (6 wee)k sin less heavily impacted regions on the Site, while the
most heavily impacted areas required 12 treatment cycles (24 weeks). On aevrage, the remedial goals were achieved
following the application of approximately 8 treatment cycles (16 wee)k.s
Field Prole
2
200
150
100
50
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time (cycles)
Concentration (mg/kg)
Toxophene
DDT
DDE
DDD
Figure 1. Inuence of DARAMEND Bioremediation on Toxaphene , DDT, DDE, and DDD
concentrations in soil during the full-scale treatment of impacted soils at the THAN
superfund site in Montgomery, Alabama.
Adventus Americas Inc.
2871 W. Forest Road - Suite 2
Freeport, IL 61032 USA
Ph. 815/235-3503
Fx: 815/235-3506
Email: info@adventus.us
Adventus Americas (Canada)
21345 Fewster Drive
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
Ph: 905/273-5374
Fx: 905/273-4367
Adventus Group Brasil - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
11. I n it ia l
2 C y c le s
4 C y c le s
6 C y c le s
9 C y c le s
2 , 4 -D 2 ,4 , 5 -T
In i t ia l
6 C y c le s
9 C y c le s
D D X D D T D D D D D E
Field Prole
DARAMEND ®
Project Title
Condential Chemical Facility, Ontario, CA
Summary
Adventus’ DARAMEND technology was selected for use at a pil ot-scale demonstration for the treatment of 350
tons of soil impacted by phenoxy-acid herbicides (2,4-D, and 2,4,5-T), and othe rchlorinated pesticides (DDT,
DDD, and DDE).
The Solution
The treatment process involved the application of DARAMEND to a 60 cm thick layer of soil within a treatment
cell. Due to the volatile and highly toxic nature of the phenoxy-aidc herbicides the treatment cell was covered with
a polyethylene clad greenhouse. Negative pressure was mainntaeid within the greenhouse by continuously drawing
air from the greenhouse and discharging it through a granular avcattied carbon lter. Soil undergoing treatment
was subjected to several treatment cycles and was irrigeadt to 90% of the soil water holding content at the start of
each treatment cycle.
The Result
The application of DARAMEND served to reductively de-chlorinate, and subsequently mineralize the chlorinated
herbicides and pesticides. The concentrations of the target nctoaminants, 2,4-D, 245-T, and DDT, were reduced by
over 96%, 84%, and 91% respectively (Figure 1).
1 0 0
7 5
5 0
2 5
0
Concentration (mg/kg)
7 0
6 0
5 0
4 0
3 0
2 0
1 0
0
Concentration (mg/kg)
Figure 1: Eect of DARAMEND treatment on the concentr ations of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, DDT,
DDD, and DDE during a pilot-scale demonstration at a Chemical facili ty in Ontario.
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
12. The Cost
The estimated treatment cost for the full-scale applicaotni of DARAMEND bioremediation at this site, which
would have involved the treatment of 35,000 tons of similarly contamineadt material, was approximately
US$127.00/ton. The cost associated with this project is slightly eelvated when compared with most similarly sized
projects due to the extremely toxic and semi-volatile nuarte of the contaminants, and consequently, the environ-mental,
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
Field Prole
2
health and safety procedures required.
Adventus Americas Inc.
2871 W. Forest Road - Suite 2
Freeport, IL 61032 USA
Ph. 815/235-3503
Fx: 815/235-3506
Email: info@adventus.us
Adventus Americas (Canada)
21345 Fewster Drive
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
Ph: 905/273-5374
Fx: 905/273-4367
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
13. Field Prole
DARAMEND ®
Project
Former Agricultural Site, Florida, USA
Condential Client
Summary
In November 2004, Adventus conducted a 2,600-ton in situ pilot-scale
technology validation project using Adventus’ patented DARAMEND
technology to remove organochlorine pesticides from impacted lsso ai t a
former agricultural site in Florida. The treatment area consisted of two
treatment plots identied as North and South, each containing 1a- foot
layer of soil with elevated concentrations of dieldrin. Ther emedial goal
was met in a 2-3 week period and subsequent eld monitoring showd ethat
soil dieldrin concentrations decreased by 67% in that period at tao tal
project cost of approximately $12.50/yd3.
The Challenge
Results from the site characterization sampling indicated an aevrage initial soil dieldrin concentration of 45.9 μg/kg
in the treatment plots. The remedial objective was to treat the ddieriln to below 15 μg/kg.
The Solution
Two sequential Daramend treatments consisting of sequential anoc xaind oxic conditions were applied. These
conditions were generated through the application of DARAMEND amendments (0.5 % by weight), which were
applied to the soil surface and incorporated to a depth of f1oot with a tractor-driven deep rotary tiller or disc
(Figure 1). After amendment incorporation, water was applied to bnrgi the soil moisture content up to 90% of the
soil water-holding capacity (Figure 2). These steps were repeated for the second treatment cycle. Each cycle
consisted of an eight day anoxic phase, followed by a two day oxic phase.
Figure 1: In-place application of DARAMEND Figure 2: Irrigation to meet optimal soil moisture
amendment. content for bacterial degradation.
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
14. Concentration of
Dieldrin in Soil
50
40
30
20
10
Field Prole
2
The Result
The soil dieldrin decreased from an average
of 45.9 μg/kg to 15.1 μg/kg in two treatment
cycles, which comprises a removal rate of
67% (Figure 3). A third treatment cycle was
able to reduce the concentration by 85 to
90%.
Figure 3: Rapid, Cost-Ecient and
Eective DARAMEND
Bioremediation of dieldrin-impacted
soil.
The Time Line and Cost
The remedial objective was reached within a 2-3 week period at a total opjrect cost of approximately $12.50/yd3.
Adventus Americas Inc.
2871 W. Forest Road - Suite 2
Freeport, IL 61032 USA
Ph. 815/235-3503
Fx: 815/235-3506
Email: info@adventus.us
Adventus Americas (Canada)
21345 Fewster Drive
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
Ph: 905/273-5374
Fx: 905/273-4367
0
0 1 2 3
DARAMEND Treatment Cycle
Concentration
[ug/kg]
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
16. Field Prole
EHC™
Project
EHC TM Treatment of Groundwater Plume Containing Chlorinated Solvents, Condentl iCalient - SE USA
The Challenge
Groundwater at a former manufacturing facility was impacted b ychlorinated solvents, primarily carbon
tetrachloride (CT) and trichloroethylene (TCE), as well as organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs). Adventus
employed its EHC™ in situ integrated biological and chemical reduction (ISCR) technologyy ielding safe, rapid
and eective in situ treatment. After only 3 months of EHC application, the CT concentration decreased from 260
ppb to 7.8 ppb (97% removal) without the accumulation of catabolic intmerediates. Treatment improved further at
the 6-month sampling, showing a removal to 0.8 ppb (99.7% removal). A llsix of six monitoring wells met the
groundwater clean up criteria for volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
The Solution
EHC™ is a patented combination of controlled-release carbon and zero valent iron (ZVI) particles used for
stimulating reductive dechlorination of otherwise persistent goarnic compounds in groundwater. The volume
requiring treatment was 110 ft (34 m) wide by approximately 190t f(58 m) long, from 15 to 40 ft (4.6 to 12 m)
below ground surface (bgs). The approach was to create three, 10 f(t3 m) wide reactive zones: one at the
upgradient edge, and two in the middle of the treatment area. Tthhee ory behind this approach is that the volatile
fatty acids, hydrogen, and ferrous iron released from EHC would migarte downgradient to treat the plume. Further,
contact between contaminants and the ZVI that is incorporated ine t EhHC product would be chemically treated. A
total of 45,000 lbs (20,455 kg) of EHC were applied at the site. Within the reactive zones, the application rate was
0.5% by dry soil mass; however, the overall application rate for the total a rea treated was 0.08%.
The injections were completed in June of 2005 using direct injecotin (Figure 1 ). The rst round of monitoring well
sampling occurred in September of 2005.
Figure 1: Application of EHC slurry using direct injection.
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
17. Field Prole
The Result
Excellent treatment results were attained, as shown iTna ble 1 where the pre-treatment and 3-month post-treatment
results are presented for all wells in the treatment aare. The full range of analyzed chloroethenes and
chloromethanes are shown inF igure 2 for the most highly contaminated well. All constituents at ths iwell were
reduced by signicant amounts, with CT being reduced by 99.7%F. igure 3 shows the contoured eld data for
carbon tetrachloride one year prior to injection, and three ansdix months following the injections. All values were
less than 1 ppb at the six-month sampling, and all VOC treatmento gals were met .Figure 4 shows the degradation
of OCPs over time due to EHC application.
2
Figure 2: Inuence of EHC treatment on chloroethene and chlo romethane
concentrations (MW #2).
Table 1: Inuence of 3 months of EHC treatment on TCE and CT conc entrations in groundwater
from all wells in treatment area. All values in ppb.
MW #1 MW #2 MW #3 MW #4 MW #5 MW #6
TCE Pre-treatment 1.0 2.5 1.5 44 1.0 1.0
TCE Post-treatment 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0
CT Pre-treatment 1.0 260 1.0 3.7 0.34 (est.) 4.2
CT Post-treatment 1.0 7.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
18. Field Prole
3
CT (ug/L)
1 year prior to
injection
3 months after
injection
6 months after
injection
250
200
150
100
50
10
5
0.78
0.5
0.24
1
1
0
Figure 3: Inuence of EHC treatment on contoured carbon tetrachlor ide data.
Figure 4. Inuence of EHC treatment on OCPs in groundwater.
The Timeline and Cost
The EHC injection was completed in twenty days. Three months f ollowing EHC additions the concentration of
chlorinated solvents decreased by as much as 97%, and as muchs a99.7% after 6 months. The concentrations of all
VOCs were below the site clean up criteria for all sample locations. The EHC product cost was US$0.17/ft3
(US$6/m3).
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
19. Field Prole
EHC™
Project
Former Pesticide Manufacturing
Condential Client
Southeast USA
Summary
A pilot study was conducted to determine the applicability odf eep in situ
DARAMEND® bioremediation* for treatment of soil containing volat ile organic
compounds (VOCs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). A total of 43,590 lbs
of DARAMEND® was injected into four injection points. The i njections were
conducted using hydraulic fracturing. Sampling conducted 7 months after the
injections showed a decrease in Toxaphene and total OCP with over 90%.
Bench-Scale Treatability Study
Adventus conducted bench-scale tests to determine the applicability of deep in situ DARAMEND® bioremediation
for treatment of soil containing VOCs and OCPs. A pilot-scale demonstration project is currently proceeding on
site.*
The bench-scale work evaluated several DARAMEND® treatm ent scenarios, using a number of DARAMEND®
products, and compared straight anoxic conditions to a cycled aerobic/anoxic protocol. The testing was performed
in sealed columns to simulate in situ conditions and prevent conctta with the atmosphere. The most eective
treatment consisted of the addition of DARAMEND® product D2002/6390Fe20, which contains slow-release
organic carbon, nutrients, and micro-scale zero-valent iron. Thistr eatment reduced the total OCPs from 46.9 mg/g
to 1.1 mg/g after 117 days of treatment, representing greatehra tn 97% reduction in total OCPs. During this same
period, the VOCs, primarily xylene and ethylbenzene, were reduced by over 99%.
Pilot Study Field Injection
Given the success of this treatment technology at bench-slcea, a pilot-scale demonstration project was initiated in
October of 2003. The goal of the project was to reduce source zone soilo cncentrations of OCPs and VOCs through
the deep in-situ injection of DARAMEND® into the source area . A series of four applications of 1%
DARAMEND® by weight with respect to the mass of soil in the tre atment area was implemented. The applications
were planned for intervals of between 14 and 21 days.
Soil in the treatment zone was a highly weathered limestone date pths of 31’ to 37’. The injection method consisted
of driving rods to these depths using a Geoprobe rig, followed by hydraicu l fracturing and injection of
DARAMEND®. Four locations were chosen for injection, with two to three depths per location. At each location a
total of approximately 2,800 pounds of DARAMEND® was injected (i.e . 1,400 pounds per injection at locations
with 2 depths and 930 pounds per injection at locations with 3 dehps)t. The DARAMEND® product was delivered
to the site in 25 kg bags for ease of handling and the matearl i was handled with negligible dust creation.
DARAMEND® was placed in a hopper, and mixed in-line with a guar s olution for delivery to the subsurface
treatment area. To enhance groundwater movement through the DARAMNED® fractures, sand was introduced, at
ratios of 1:2 and 1:1 sand to DARAMEND® by mass. The product was su ccessfully injected in each of these
scenarios.
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799
20. Sampling of the treatment area to determine the aerial and
vertical extend of the DARAMEND® injections was
performed using Geoprobe sampling equipment. The
DARAMEND® layers were easily visible in the cores,
whether the fracture was a hairline fracture near the tiopf the
fracture, or whether it was a few inches in thickness closer to
the injection location (Figure 1).
Figure 1: DARAMEND® layer injected between
clay and weathered limestone.
Results
Soil concentrations of Toxaphene and total OCPs were measuredin June of 2004. Given the fact that OCPs bind
strongly to the soil, the concentrations vary widely from onleo cation to the next. For samples that were taken from
as close to the same location and depth as possible, and for sameps l that showed a decrease in concentration
between November 2003 and June 2004, the results are tabulated in Table 1o. uFr out of twelve samples showed an
increase between these sampling dates, however the median conceantitorns of those increases were 9 μg/g and 12
μg/g for Toxaphene and total OCPs respectively.
These data show that the soil concentrations of Toxaphene and totOalC Ps decreased signicantly between the
dates shown. The decrease in the average concentration of both Toxaphened a tnotal OCPs was 93%.
Table 1. Inuence of in-situ DARAMEND on average Toxaphene an d total OCP concentrations
between November 2003 and June 2004 for selected samples.
Toxaphene (μg/g) Total OCPs (μg/g)
Average Nov 2003 Value 127.7 169.1
Average June 2004 Value 8.7 11.8
Decrease in Average Concentration 93.2% 93.0%
*Prior to establishment of EHC™, this product was r eferred to as Deep In situ DARAMEND®.
Field Prole
Adventus Americas Inc.
2871 W. Forest Road - Suite 2
Freeport, IL 61032 USA
Ph. 815/235-3503
Fx: 815/235-3506
Email: info@adventus.us
Adventus Americas (Canada)
21345 Fewster Drive
Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
Ph: 905/273-5374
Fx: 905/273-4367
Adventus Group Brasil - www.AdventusGroup.com.br - Av. Paulista, nº 37 - 4º andar
2
CEP 01311-902 Phone: (55 11) 2246 2759 / Fax: (55 11) 2246 2799