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Bioplastics in packaging
Bio-plastics in Packaging; Innovations, Opportunities and Challenges discusses bio-plastics for packaging. It defines sustainability and differentiates between bio-based and biodegradable materials. Global demand for bio-plastics is predicted to triple by 2015. Challenges include lack of communication leading to "green-washing" and limited disposal infrastructure for biodegradable plastics which often end up in landfills. Overcoming these challenges requires collaboration between industry and government.
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Bioplastics in packaging
- 1. Bio-plastics in Packaging;Innovations, Opportunities and Challenges Dr Roya Khalil Australian Institute of Packaging Conference, 14-15 June 2012
- 2. Summary Background Terminology Test standards & certifications Innovations & applications Global capacity & prediction demand Challenges - Communication & Marketing - Disposal
- 3. Definition of Sustainability Sustainabilityis simply stated as: “meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987, Our Common Future Sustainable strategy defined with +R Reduce Reuse Recycle Renewable
- 4. Sustainability and Packaging Packagingindustry, the sustainability focal point and primary benchmark for other industries - Resource intensive sector in an increasingly resource constrained world - Increased volume of packaging waste ending up in landfills Challenge can also be an opportunity to gain competitive advantage through the development of an environmentally sustainable strategy - An option could be the use of bio-plastics
- 5. Terminology and Measurements Bio-based (renewable soured) - Focus is on the origin of the carbon building block - To be classified bio-based, material must be organic and contain some percentage of recently fixed (new) carbon found in biological resources or crops Biodegradable - Focus is on the end of life - To be classified biodegradable, a certain % of the material must convert to carbon dioxide, water and biomass via microbial assimilation within a time period of 180 days and less than 10 % of test material remains on a 2mm sieve - To be classified compostable, material must meet the biodegradation criteria and leave no impact on plants, using OECD Guide 208 and meet the regulation (heavy metals less than 50 % of EPA prescribed threshold) The two classes however are not mutually exclusive.
- 6. How to identifyand distinguish bio-based or biodegradable? - Accredited testing laboratories - Certified by industry approved corporation Standards & Certifications
- 7. Raw Material Extraction Material Processing Part Manufacturing Product Use Endof life Life Cycle Assessment ‘’Cradle to Grave‘’ How “Green” is Green? Transport Quantitative and qualitative impact measure LCA - ISO 14040 Eco Profiling PIQET
- 8.
- 9. bio-plastics – PackagingInnovations- flexiblesPackaging Innovations (Flexibles)
- 10. Legislative Initiatives Japan Governmenthas set a goal that 20% of all plastics consumed in Japan will be renewably sourced by 2020 Germany Germany banned on land filling solid waste with over 5% organic content Biodegradable plastics exempt from the recycling directive until 2012 attributes to savings of 1.3 €/kg in favour of compostable bio-plastics Netherlands Netherlands is Implementing a 40 € cents/kg tax on PET vs. tax on PLA of 8 € cents/kg USA USA Federal Farm Bill - Energy Title 9, each federal agency must design a plan to purchase as many bio- based plastics as practically possible, procurement plan will be based on bio-based content, price and performance
- 11. Global Capacity &Market Demand Global demand to triple to over 1m tonnes by 2015 Demand for bio-based plastics will be the primary driver due to increased commercial volume of bio- based PE Consumer preferences for environmentally sustainable materials Improved performance of bio-plastics when compared with traditional plastics
- 12. Leading Manufacturers Braskem- Green PE (www.braskem.com.br) Natureworks – Ingeo® (www.natureworksllc.com) Purac – PURALACT® (www.purac.com) BASF – Ecovio® and Ecoflex® (http://www.bioplastics.basf.com) Novamont – Mater-bi® (www.novamont.com) Innovia films – Cellophanes™ & Natureflex™ (www.innoviafilms.com) Cereplast – Cereplast Compostables® & Cereplast Sustainable® (www.cereplast.com) Plantic – HP1 ® and R® & Plantic eco Plastic™ (www.plantic.com.au) Becasewecare – becausewecare™ (www.becausewecare.com.au) Alesco - Bioshrink® (www.alesco.net) Dow & Mitsui Chemicals – Green Plastics, PET & PP (www.dow.com)
- 13. Gap between consumers'ethical attitude and purchasing decisions concerning environmentally friendly products is important to the packaging industry, driven by: Lack of communication and understanding of sustainability Vague & misleading marketing and the abundance of "green-washed" products Misconception of increased cost and inferior performance “Recycling” remains widely accepted Rightful Marketing and Consumer Communication
- 14. Packaging Waste Management %Recycled % Land filled/ Disposed % Incineration % Energy Recovered USA 12 54 - - EUROPE 40 50 5 5 AUS 38 40 1 - Up to 40% of plastics used is recycled Recycling infrastructure mainly to collect beverage and milk bottles Minimal infrastructure available for biodegradable plastics Majority of packaging waste continue to be disposed in landfill
- 15. Lack of Bio-plasticsDisposal Infrastructure EU (2008)
- 16. Bio-plastics & CurrentDisposal Routes Recycling – Contamination - Bio-based PET, PE & PP Landfill - Solid Waste and GHG - Methanisation plan excluded Incineration - lower calorific value Composting – home & Industrial - Logistics - collection for industrial compost • Green DOT collection tax exemmption for EN13432 to end by late 2012 as a result - Feasible volume - Consumer awareness for home compost
- 17. Sustainability: Shared Responsibility Incorporation/ Collaboration of bio-plastics in sustainability strategies of local packaging councils and government - e.g. packaging council Australia Inc (PCA), Australian packaging covenant (APC), environmental protection agency (EPA) Leverage international counterpart technology & policy - e.g. waste reduction awards program (WRAP - UK) £5m fund designed to support the development of new mixed plastics Collection of rigid plastics guidelines Compostable bio-plastics to be disposed off in food waste anaerobic digestion Standardised labelling schemes
- 18.