Bioplastic presentation

1. BIOMATERIA
LS
Iqna Qisthiya, ST., M.Eng.

2. AGENDA
 Bioplastic
 Biometal
 QUIZ
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3. BIOPLASTIC
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4. DEFINITION OF BIOPLASTIC
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• Plastic that can be used like conventional plastic but will be
destroyed by the activity of microorganisms into the final
product of water and carbon dioxide gas after it is used up
and thrown into the environment.
Pranamuda (2001)
• A material under certain conditions, at a certain time
experiences changes in its chemical structure, which
affects its properties due to the influence of
microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae).
Griffin (1994)
• A polymer material that converts to low molecular weight
compounds where at least one step in the degradation
process occurs through natural organism metabolism.
Seals (1994)
• Environmentally friendly plastic, can be decomposed by the
activity of microorganisms, some or almost all of its
components come from renewable raw materials.
Agustin and
Padmawijaya (2016)

5. BIOPLASTIC
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Bioplastics are plastic
that made wholly or in
part from renewable
biomass sources.
Some bioplastics are
biodegradable or even
compostable.
Widely used :
• Food packaging,
• agriculture and horticulture,
• composting bags and
hygiene
• biomedical,
• structural,
• electrical
• other products

6. BIOPLASTIC BASED ON THEIR
RESOURCES
POLYSACHARRID
ES
Biodegradable
plastic from cassava
starch
 Biodegradable
plastic from potato
Biodegradable
plastic from corn
PROTEIN
Biodegradable plastic
from what gluten
BIOTECHNOLOGIC
AL INVENTIONS
Polylactic acid (PLA)
Polyhydroxyalkanoate
(PHA)
Polyhydroxybutirate
(PHB)
PETROCHEMICAL
Polycaprolactone
Polyvinyl Alcohol
(PVOH)
Polycaprolactone
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7. BIOPLASTIC BASED ON THEIR
RESOURCES
• Have higher biodegradability, renewability and good oxygen barrier
• Based on starch
• Higher amylose content can strengthen film
• Amylopectin cause low mechanical properties
• Can be improved by using plasticizers (sorbitol and glycerol)
POLYSACHARRIDES
• Functional properties depends on structural heterogeneity, thermal sensitivity and
hydrophilic behaviour of proteins
• Can used proteins from vegetable and animal sources
PROTEIN
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8. BIOPLASTIC BASED ON THEIR
RESOURCES
• Converting plants sugar into plastic
• Producing plastic inside microorganism
• Growing plastic in corn and other crops
• Producing by using fermentation process of microorganism
BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS
• Made from synthetic source (petroleum)
PETROCHEMICAL
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9. BIOPLASTIC COMPONENTS
Hydrocolloid Proteins (casein, soy protein, wheat gluten) and carbohydrates (starch, gum )
very good for use as an inhibitor of the transfer of oxygen, carbon dioxide &
fat
Very good at improving the structure of the film so that it is not easily
destroyed
Lipids wax, fatty acids, monoglycerides and resin
as a water vapor barrier, or a coating agent to increase the shine of candy
products
limited because it produces poor film structural strength
Composite lipid and hydrocolloid components
increasing resistance to water evaporation and hydrocolloids themselves can
provide durability
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10. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Elongation (Percent
Elongation)
• the length of the film when it is pulled until it breaks
• related to the elasticity of the film
• The greater the elongation value of the film, the more
elastic it is and the better the plastic
Tensile Strength
• the maximum pull that can be achieved until the film
remains in place before breaking/tearing
• determine the amount of force required to achieve
maximum tension in each area of the film
• Depends on the concentration and type of material
making up the film, especially the structural cohesion
properties.
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11. BIOMETAL

12. • The periodic table showing the metals (blue), non-metals (green) and intermediate (orange)
elements.
• Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity, opaque to visible light, and have a familiar
metallic lustre.
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13. BIOMETAL
 Metallic materials are normally combinations of
metallic elements.
 Have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons
not bound to particular atoms  properties of
metals
 Metal can be formed and machined easily 
usually are long-lasting materials.
 Metal do not react easily with other elements.
 Metals such as iron and aluminum can form compounds
readily (such as ores) so they must be processed to
extract base metals.
 Can react with chemicals in the environment such
as iron and oxygen that form iron-oxide.
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14. • One model of a metal, positive ions are surrounded by a sea or cloud of electrons.
• ‘free electrons’ are not bound to any particular metal ion but are free to move around within the
structure.
• It is these ‘free electrons’ that result in some of the typical properties of a metal including the good
conductance of heat and electricity, and the metallic lustre of a polished surface.
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15. PROPERTIES OF METALS
 Atoms arranged in a regular repeating structure
 Relatively good strength
 Dense
 Malleable or ductile (high plasticity)
 Resistant to fracture (tough)
 Excellent conductors of electricity and heat
 Opaque to visible light
 Shiny appearance
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16. PROPERTIES OF SOME METALS AND
ALLOYS
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17. BIOMATERIAL BIOMETAL
• Metal and metal alloys are used for medical requirements include :
• stainless steel (316L),
• titanium and alloys (Cp-'Ti, 'TiGAI4V),
• cobalt chromium alloys (CoCr),
• aluminium alloys,
• zirconium,
• niobium,
• tungsten heavy alloys.
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18. BIOMETAL APPLICATIONS
• dental implants,
• craniofacial plates and screws;
• parts of artificial hearts, pacemakers,
• clips, valves, balloon catheters,
• medical devices and equipment;
• bone fixation devices,
• dental materials,
• medical radiation shielding products,
• prosthetic and orthodontic devices
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19. THE MAIN CRITERIA IN SELECTION OF
METAL-BASED MATERIALS
• The main criteria in selection of metal-based materials for biomedical applications
• their excellent biocompatibility,
• convenient mechanical properties,
• good corrosion resistance, and
• low cost.
• In comparison to polymers,
• metals have higher ultimate tensile strength and elastic modulus
• lower strains at failure
• In comparison to ceramics
• metals have lower strengths and elastic modulus
• higher strains to failure
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20. QUIZ
BIOMATERIAL
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21. 01
Explain definition of biocompatibility in
biomaterial!
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22. 02
Write & explain the conditions for a
material to be said to be biocompatible!
(minimum 2)
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23. 03
What do you know about cytotoxicity
testing?
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24. 04
Mention 2 mechanical properties (tests)
found in bioplastics!
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25. 05
Mention the applications that can be
applied in the medical field using
biometals! (minimum 3)
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26. THANK YOU
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