This document discusses food webs and trophic dynamics in marine ecosystems. It explains that photosynthesis by primary producers like phytoplankton converts sunlight into organic compounds, which are then consumed by herbivores. Higher trophic levels like carnivores consume herbivores or other carnivores. Decomposers like bacteria break down organic matter and release nutrients to be recycled. Energy is lost at each trophic level, so biomass decreases with increasing trophic level despite larger organism size. Food chains transfer energy between trophic levels in the grazing and detritus food chains.
A presentation about aquatic ecosystem restoration in Massachusetts. Presented by Tim Purinton, director of the Massachusetts Division of Ecological Restoration, during the Buzzards Bay Coalition's 2012 Decision Makers Workshop series. Learn more at www.savebuzzardsbay.org/DecisionMakers
A presentation about aquatic ecosystem restoration in Massachusetts. Presented by Tim Purinton, director of the Massachusetts Division of Ecological Restoration, during the Buzzards Bay Coalition's 2012 Decision Makers Workshop series. Learn more at www.savebuzzardsbay.org/DecisionMakers
in this power point i have given the overview of freshwater ecosystem and covered mainly three type of ecosystem i.e lentic ecosystem, lotic ecosystem and wetlands.
The Aquatic Ecosystem is a game-changer in the field of aquariums. Aquatic ecosystems manage water quality and deliver a healthy, clean environment for fish to thrive. This product is at an early stage of its development and has a unique value proposition.
Scientific talk on effects of climate variation and young fish
- general ideas about climate effects on marine ecosystems
- variations in temperature-zooplankton-North Sea cod
- spatial population structure and detecting climate effects
SEASONAL VARIATION IN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SURFACE WATER AND GROUND...Ijrdt Journal
The present study is carried out to assess the water quality parameters of both surface water and ground water of Singanallur lake region a rivulet from river Noyyal. Parameters like pH, FC, DO, BOD, Turbidity, Total phosphates, Nitrates and Total dissolved solids are measured and compared for both summer and rainy season. Results revealed parameters varied to greater extent for surface water compared to ground water. So the surface water of Singanallur region is highly polluted due to runoff from industries, domestic waste and agricultural
in this power point i have given the overview of freshwater ecosystem and covered mainly three type of ecosystem i.e lentic ecosystem, lotic ecosystem and wetlands.
The Aquatic Ecosystem is a game-changer in the field of aquariums. Aquatic ecosystems manage water quality and deliver a healthy, clean environment for fish to thrive. This product is at an early stage of its development and has a unique value proposition.
Scientific talk on effects of climate variation and young fish
- general ideas about climate effects on marine ecosystems
- variations in temperature-zooplankton-North Sea cod
- spatial population structure and detecting climate effects
SEASONAL VARIATION IN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SURFACE WATER AND GROUND...Ijrdt Journal
The present study is carried out to assess the water quality parameters of both surface water and ground water of Singanallur lake region a rivulet from river Noyyal. Parameters like pH, FC, DO, BOD, Turbidity, Total phosphates, Nitrates and Total dissolved solids are measured and compared for both summer and rainy season. Results revealed parameters varied to greater extent for surface water compared to ground water. So the surface water of Singanallur region is highly polluted due to runoff from industries, domestic waste and agricultural
Understanding, Planning and Achieving
Data Quality in Your Organization
by Joe Caserta, President of Caserta Concepts
For more information, visit www.casertaconcepts.com or contact us at info@casertaconcepts.com
QuickStart your Sumo Logic service with this exclusive webinar. At these monthly live events you will learn how to capitalize on critical capabilities that can amplify your log analytics and monitoring experience while providing you with meaningful business and IT insights.
Video: https://www.sumologic.com/online-training/#start
서비스가 안정적으로 운영되기 위해서는 유연한 인프라의 구성이 필수입니다. AWS 를 비롯한 Public Cloud 를 통한 인프라 구성이 일반화 되면서 많은 고민을 덜어주고 있지만, 실사용자의 관점에서라기 보다는 서비스를 운영하는 입장인 경우가 많습니다. 실사용자들의 성능과 경험을 높여주면서 운영하는 사람들의 노고를 덜어주어 보다 서비스에 집중할 수 있게 해주는 방법이 없을까요?
Low-Latency Analytics with NoSQL – Introduction to Storm and CassandraCaserta
Businesses are generating and ingesting an unprecedented volume of structured and unstructured data to be analyzed. Needed is a scalable Big Data infrastructure that processes and parses extremely high volume in real-time and calculates aggregations and statistics. Banking trade data where volumes can exceed billions of messages a day is a perfect example.
Firms are fast approaching 'the wall' in terms of scalability with relational databases, and must stop imposing relational structure on analytics data and map raw trade data to a data model in low latency, preserve the mapped data to disk, and handle ad-hoc data requests for data analytics.
Joe discusses and introduces NoSQL databases, describing how they are capable of scaling far beyond relational databases while maintaining performance , and shares a real-world case study that details the architecture and technologies needed to ingest high-volume data for real-time analytics.
For more information, visit www.casertaconcepts.com
Modernizing the Legacy - How Dish is Adapting its SOA Services for a Cloud Fi...VMware Tanzu
SpringOne Platform 2016
Speakers: Rob Bennett; Director, Development, Dish Networks; Chandra Nemalipuri; Principal Software Engineer, Dish Networks; Lax Rastogi; Senior Manager, Dish Networks
Like many companies, Dish has a large number of SOA services that have been built using previous generations of technology. In this session we will discuss the challenges faced in converting legacy services to cloud native applications and the different approaches we considered for resolving the conflicts. We will then dive deeper into the approach that we chose to modernize our services and put us on a track towards a microservices based architecture running on Cloud Foundry.
Four Strategies to Create a DevOps Culture & System that Favors Innovation & ...Amazon Web Services
Invest in Dev Ops Culture and A Software factory is gaining traction as companies are
evolving and deploying software that are agile and fully automated that constantly churns out applications.
Speaker:
Vivek Santhana, Advisor, APJ, DevOps, CA Technologies
Architecting Data For The Modern Enterprise - Data Summit 2017, Closing KeynoteCaserta
The “Big Data era” has ushered in an avalanche of new technologies and approaches for delivering information and insights to business users. What is the role of the cloud in your analytical environment? How can you make your migration as seamless as possible? This closing keynote, delivered by Joe Caserta, a prominent consultant who has helped many global enterprises adopt Big Data, provided the audience with the inside scoop needed to supplement data warehousing environments with data intelligence—the amalgamation of Big Data and business intelligence.
This presentation was given as the closing keynote at DBTA's annual Data Summit in NYC.
Understandings:
Most species occupy different trophic levels in multiple food chains
A food web shows all the possible food chains in a community
The percentage of ingested energy converted to biomass is dependent upon the respiration rate
The type of stable ecosystem that will emerge in an area is predictable based on climate
In closed ecosystems energy but not matter is exchanged with the surroundings
Disturbance influxes the structure and rate of change within ecosystems
Applications:
Conversion ratio in sustainable food production practices
Consideration of one example how humans interfere with nutrient cycling
Skills:
Comparison of pyramids of energy from different ecosystems
Analysis of a climograph showing the relationship between temperature, rainfall and the type of ecosystem
Construction of Gersmehl diagrams to show the inter-relationships between nutrient stores and flows between taiga, desert, and tropical rainforest.
Analysis of data showing a primary succession
An investigation into the effect of an environmental disturbance on an ecosystem
Ecology is the scientific study of the intricate relationships between living organisms and their environment. It seeks to understand how organisms interact with one another and their surroundings, from the smallest microorganisms to the largest ecosystems. One fundamental aspect of ecology is the examination of biogeochemical cycles, which are essential processes that govern the flow of elements and compounds through the Earth's ecosystems. These cycles encompass the movement of essential elements like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water between the living and non-living components of the environment. For example, the carbon cycle involves the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere, plants, and animals, regulating the levels of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and influencing climate. The nitrogen cycle is another vital process, as it controls the availability of nitrogen for plants and, subsequently, for all organisms in a given ecosystem. Biogeochemical cycles are critical to maintaining the delicate balance of nutrients and elements necessary for life on Earth, and any disruptions to these cycles can have profound ecological consequences. Understanding these cycles is crucial for environmental conservation and for addressing global challenges like climate change and nutrient pollution. In sum, ecology and biogeochemical cycles are intimately linked, providing the foundation for understanding how life and the environment are intricately interconnected and interdependent.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. 10-1 Food Webs and Trophic
Dynamics
An ecosystem is the totality of the environment
encompassing all chemical, physical, geological and
biological parts.
• Ecosystems function by the exchange of matter and energy.
• Plants use chlorophyll in photosynthesis to convert inorganic
material into organic compounds and to store energy for growth
and reproduction.
• Plants are autotrophs and the primary producers in most ecosystems.
• All other organisms are heterotrophs, the consumers and
decomposers in ecosystems.
• Herbivores eat plants and release the stored energy.
• Material is constantly recycled in the ecosystem, but energy
gradually dissipates as heat and is lost.
5. 10-1 Food Webs and Trophic
Dynamics
The word “trophic” refers to nutrition.
• Trophic dynamics is the study of the nutritional
interconnections among organisms within an ecosystem.
• Trophic level is the position of an organism within the trophic
dynamics.
– Autotrophs form the first trophic level.
– Herbivores are the second trophic level.
– Carnivores occupy the third and higher trophic levels.
– Decomposers form the terminal level.
• A food chain is the succession of organisms within an
ecosystem based upon trophic dynamics. (Who is eaten by
whom.)
8. • An energy pyramid is
the graphic
representation of a food
chain in terms of the
energy contained at
each trophic level.
• The size of each
successive level is
controlled by the size of
the level immediately
below.
Food Webs and Tro1p0h-i1c
Dynamics
9. 10-1 Food Webs and Trophic
Dynamics
As the primary producers, plants require sunlight,
nutrients, water and carbon dioxide for
photosynthesis.
• Sunlight and nutrients are commonly the limiting factor.
• The formula for photosynthesis is:
– Sunlight + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O ® C6H12O6 (sugar) + 6 O2.
• Phytoplankton blooms are the rapid expansion of a
phytoplankton population because light and nutrients are
abundant.
10. Food Webs and Tro1p0h-1ic Dynamics
Animals must consume pre-existing organic material
to survive.
• Animals break down the organic compounds into their inorganic
components to obtain the stored energy.
• The chemical formula for respiration is:
– C6H12O6 (sugar) + 6 O2 ® 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy.
• The recovered energy is used for movement, reproduction and
growth.
• The food consumed by most organisms is proportional to their
body size.
• Generally, smaller animals eat smaller food and larger animals eat larger food,
although exceptions occur.
• The basic feeding style of animals are: Grazers, Predators,
Scavengers, Filter feeders, and Deposit feeders.
• Population size is dependent upon food supply.
11. 10-1
Food Webs and Trophic Dynamics
Bacteria are the decomposers; they break down
organic material and release nutrients for recycling.
• Few bacteria are capable of completely degrading organic
material into its inorganic components. Most operate in
succession with other bacteria to decompose material in a
series of stages.
• Bacteria also serve as food for other organisms either directly
or indirectly.
• Two basic types of bacteria are Aerobic bacteria and Anaerobic
bacteria.
• Most bacteria are heterotrophs, but two types are autotrophs:
Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and Chemosynthetic
bacteria.
12.
13. 10-1 Food Webs and Trophic
Dynamics
Food chains transfer energy from one trophic level to
another.
• Biomass is the quantity of living matter per volume of water.
• With each higher trophic level, the size of organisms generally
increases, but their reproductive rate, number and the total
biomass decrease.
• The two major food chains in the ocean are the Grazing food
chain and the Detritus food chain - non-living wastes form the
base of the food chain.
• Only about 10-20% of energy is transferred between trophic
levels and this produces a rapid decline in biomass at each
successive trophic level.
16. General Marine Pro1d0u-2ctivity
Primary production is the total amount of carbon
(C) in grams converted into organic material per
square meter of sea surface per year (gm C/m2/yr).
• Factors that limit plant growth and reduce primary production
include solar radiation and nutrients as major factors and
upwelling, turbulence, grazing intensity and turbidity as
secondary factors.
• Only .1 to .2% of the solar radiation is employed for
photosynthesis and its energy stored in organic compounds.
• Macronutrients and Micronutrients are chemicals needed for
survival, growth and reproduction.
• Upwelling and turbulence can return nutrients to the surface.
• Over-grazing of autotrophs can deplete the population and lead
to a decline in productivity.
• Turbidity reduces the depth of light penetration and restricts
productivity even if nutrients are abundant.
20. 10-2 General Marine Productivity
Productivity varies greatly in different parts of the
ocean in response to the availability of nutrients and
sunlight.
• In the tropics and subtropics sunlight is abundant, but it
generates a strong thermocline that restricts upwelling of
nutrients and results in lower productivity.
• High productivity locally can occur in areas of coastal upwelling, in the tropical
waters between the gyres and at coral reefs.
• In temperate regions productivity is distinctly seasonal.
• Polar waters are nutrient-rich all year but productivity is only
high in the summer when light is abundant.
21.
22. 10-3
Global Patterns of Productivity
Primary productivity varies from 25 to 1250 gm
C/m2/yr in the marine environment and is highest
in estuaries and lowest in the open ocean.
• In the open ocean productivity distribution resembles a “bull’s
eye “ pattern with lowest productivity in the center and highest
at the edge of the basin.
• Water in the center of the ocean is a clear blue because it is an area of
downwelling, above a strong thermocline and is almost devoid of biological
activity.
• Continental shelves display moderate productivity between 50
and 200 gm C/m2/yr because nutrients wash in from the land
and tide- and wave- generated turbulence recycle nutrients
from the bottom water.
• Polar areas have high productivity because there is no
pycnocline to inhibit mixing.
• Equatorial waters have high productivity because of upwelling.