“Let the waste of the ‘sick’ not contaminate the lives of ‘the Healthy.’’

2. “LET THE WASTE OF THE ‘SICK’ NOT
CONTAMINATE THE LIVES OF ‘THE HEALTHY.’’
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3. WHAT IS BMW
Biomedical waste (BMW) is solid waste
generated during the diagnosis, testing,
treatment, research or production of biological
products for humans or animals (WHO).
WHO estimates
 85% of hospital waste is non-hazardous
 10% is infectious
 5% is non-infectious but consists of hazardous chemicals like
methylchloride and formaldehyde.
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4. BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
( MANAGEMENT & HANDLING )
RULE, 1998.
* Came in to force on 28th July, 1998.
* Prescribed by Ministry of Environment & Forests, under the
Environment Protection Act of India.
* Proper management of biomedical waste is a statutory
requirement.
* This rule applies to those who generate, collect, receive, store,
dispose, treat or handle bio-medical waste in any manner.
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5. TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTES
WASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE
Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste
Category No. 2 Animal Waste
Category No. 3
Microbiology & Biotechnology
Waste
Category No. 4 Waste Sharps
Category No. 5
Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic
drugs
Category No. 6 Soiled Waste
Category No. 7 Solid Waste
Category No. 8 Liquid Waste
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash
Category No.10 Chemical Waste
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6. WHY BMW MANAGEMENT
Hospital waste is a potential reservoir of pathogenic micro-
organisms and requires appropriate, safe and reliable
handling.
Pathogens in infectious waste may enter the human body
through a puncture, abrasion or cut in the skin, through
mucus membrane by inhalation or ingestion.
The main risk associated with infection is sharps
contaminated with blood.
Bio-Medical Waste may have serious public health
consequences and a significant impact on the
environment.
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7. PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH BMW
ORGANISM DISEASES CAUSED RELATED WASTE
ITEM
VIRUSES
HIV, Hepatitis B,
Hepatitis A,C,
Arboviruses,
Enteroviruses
AIDS, Infectious
Hepatitis,
Dengue, Japanese
encephalitis, tick-
borne
fevers, etc.
Infected needles, body
Fluids, Human
excreta, soiled linen,
Blood, body fluids.
BACTERIA
Salmonella typhi,
Vibrio cholerae,
Clostridium Tetani,
Pseudomonas,
Streptococcus
Typhoid, Cholera,
Tetanus
Wound infections,
septicemia, rheumatic
fever, endocarditis,
skin
and soft tissue
infections
Human excreta and
body fluid in landfills
and
hospital wards, Sharps
such as needles,
surgical blades in
hospital waste.
PARASITES
Wucheraria Bancrofti,
Plasmodium
Cutaneous
leishmaniasis,
Kala Azar, Malaria
Human excreta, blood
and
body fluids in poorly
managed sewagewww.nayeshahealthcare.com

8. NEED FOR BMW MANAGMENT
Nosocomial infections in patients from poor
infection control practices and poor waste
management.
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9. DRUGS WHICH HAVE BEEN DISPOSED
OF, BEING REPACKED AND SOLD OFF
TO UNSUSPECTING BUYERS.
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10. RISK OF AIR, WATER AND SOIL POLLUTION
DIRECTLY DUE TO WASTE, OR DUE TO
DEFECTIVE INCINERATION EMISSIONS AND
ASH.
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11. PRINCIPLES OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
The Cradle to grave concept of waste management
• Each institution should develop its own bio waste management policy and
ensure that the health care workers are adequately trained to handle
biological waste.
• Measures such as universal safety precautions, hand washing and proper
segregation of waste material should be encouraged.
• Hospital waste requires management at every step from generation,
segregation, collection, transportation, storage ,treatment to final disposal.
• Segregation of wastes into the prescribed categories must be done at the
source i.e. at the point of generation.
• Colour coded bags as per international norms need to be placed in
appropriate containers with the appropriate label/logo eg. Biohazard symbol
for infectious waste.
• Proper house-keeping is essential and the hospital premises should be kept
clean and well-ventilated.
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12. STEPS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF HOSPITAL WASTE
INCLUDE:
1. Survey of waste generated
2. Segregation of hospital waste.
3. Collection & Categorization of waste.
4. Internal Transportation
5. Storage of waste.( Not beyond 48 hrs.
6. Transportation of waste
7. Treatment of waste
8. Final disposal.
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13. COLOR CODING FOR SEGGREGATION OF
BMW
COLOR WASTE TREATMENT
Yellow Human & Animal anatomical
waste / Micro-biology waste
and soiled
cotton/dressings/linen/bedding
s etc.
Incineration / Deep
burial
Red Tubing, Catheters, IV sets. Autoclaving /
Microwaving /
Chemical treatment
Blue / White Waste sharps
( Needles, Syringes, Scalpels,
blades etc. )
Autoclaving /
Microwaving /
Chemical treatment &
Destruction /
Shredding
Black Discarded medicines/cytotoxic
drugs,
Incineration ash, Chemical
Disposal in secured
landfillwww.nayeshahealthcare.com

14. TYPE OF CONTAINER
Colour Coding Type of Container
Yellow Plastic Bag
Red
Disinfected container/Plastic
bag
Blue/
White Translucent
Plastic Bag / punch proof
containers
Black Plastic Bag
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15. CONCLUSION
• Safe and effective management of waste is not only
a legal necessity but also a social responsibility.
• Proper collection and segregation of biomedical
waste.
• Try to reduce the waste generation.
• Individual awareness and participation.
• Label with agent, concentration and
hazard warnings.
• Communicate about workplace hazards.
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16. ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
 The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 1998
 The Municipal Solid Waste (Management &
Handling) Rules, 2000
 The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 1989
 The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995
 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981
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Email: nayeshahms@gmail.com
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