Biology 4 2
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An ecosystem is shaped by biotic factors like organisms and abiotic factors like climate. Habitats provide the area where organisms live and are defined by biotic and abiotic conditions. Niches describe how organisms use available resources and conditions. Ecological interactions like competition, predation, and symbiosis also influence ecosystems. Ecological succession is the process of communities changing over time after a disturbance.
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An ecological community consists of interacting species living in a given area. Organisms in a community can be divided into trophic levels based on how they obtain energy, such as primary producers obtaining energy from sunlight and heterotrophs obtaining energy from consuming primary producers. Ecological interactions between species within a community include predation, competition, mutualism, and others. Disturbances can alter community composition through succession as new species colonize or dominant species are removed.
Ecology
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology. It defines ecology as the study of interactions between living organisms and their environment. The environment contains abiotic factors like climate and biotic factors like other living things. Organisms are organized into a hierarchy of levels including species, populations, communities, and ecosystems. Producers, consumers, and decomposers have different roles in ecosystems. Energy flows through trophic levels from producers to consumers to decomposers, with only about 10% transferred between levels. Food chains and webs show feeding relationships. Relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis influence organisms.
Lecture 5 interactions
This chapter discusses ecological concepts such as habitat, niche, limiting factors, and levels of ecological organization. It then covers natural selection and evolution, including genes, populations, speciation, extinction, and coevolution. Finally, it discusses various organism interactions like competition, predation, and symbiosis. It also addresses community and ecosystem interactions, energy flow through ecosystems, and nutrient cycling.
Species associations in Communities
In ecology species associate in various ways, thereby occurring benefits, like the production of allelochemicals. populations of different species live in the same ecological niche.
Biological communities
A community is a complex group of individuals interacting and sharing an environment.
Communities can be characterized by their structure (the types and numbers of species present) and dynamics (how communities change over time).
Levels of Ecological Organization-1.pdf
Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environments. An ecosystem is composed of all the living and nonliving things in an area and how they interact. Ecosystems exist within larger biomes defined by climate and soil conditions. Within an ecosystem, populations of organisms interact as communities and compete for limited resources, which controls their sizes. The ecosystem and its abiotic and biotic factors together form the basic functional unit of ecology.
"Connected Planet"
The document provides science objectives for 4th grade students related to ecology and interdependence between plants and animals. The objectives include: [1] Describing the interdependence of plants and animals through behaviors, body structures, and life cycles; [2] Tracing the flow of energy through food chains; and [3] Identifying characteristics of organisms. The objectives aim to teach students how plants and animals rely on each other to survive through relationships like predation, competition, and symbiosis.
Ecology
Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. It can be studied at different levels from organisms to ecosystems to the biosphere. Abiotic factors like climate and biotic factors like predator-prey relationships influence the distribution of organisms. Nutritional interactions involve the transfer of nutrients between autotrophs like plants and heterotrophs like animals. Food chains show the linear transfer of energy between producers, consumers, and decomposers in a food web. Population growth is influenced by limiting factors and carrying capacity, while succession over time changes community composition and structure. Biogeochemical cycles like carbon and nitrogen cycles recycle essential elements.
Important ecosystem terminology
The document defines key terminology used in ecosystems, including food chains, food webs, adaptations, abiotic and biotic factors, habitats, and types of symbiosis. It explains that food chains describe a feeding relationship between organisms, while food webs illustrate more complex feeding networks. Adaptations help organisms survive in their environments. Abiotic factors are non-living like climate, while biotic factors are living like plants and animals. Habitats include where organisms live including surrounding factors. Symbiosis describes close relationships between species that can be mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic.
Ecological Relationship.pptx
This document defines ecological relationships and describes the major types of relationships between organisms within an ecosystem. It explains that ecological relationships ensure the survival of organisms as they depend on each other for food and resources. The major relationships discussed are competition, predation, herbivory, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. The document emphasizes that ecological relationships are important for maintaining a stable environment where species can thrive.
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Introduction to Ecology(Biotic and Abiotic Factors).ppt
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Biology 4 2
- 1. What shapes an Ecosystem? 4.2
- 2. Biotic Factor Biological influence on organisms within an ecosystem.
- 3. Abiotic Factor Physical, or nonliving, factor that shapes an ecosystem.
- 4. Habitat The area where an organism lives, including the biotic and abiotic factors that affect it.
- 5. Niche Full range of physical and biological conditions in which an organism lives and the way in which the organism uses those conditions.
- 6. Resource Any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or shape.
- 7. Competitive exclusion principle Ecological rule that states that no two species can occupy the same exact niche in the same habitat at the same time.
- 8. Predation Interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism.
- 9. Symbiosis Relationship in which two species live closely together.
- 10. Mutualism Symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship.
- 11. Commensalism Symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
- 12. Parasitism Symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism and consequently harms it.
- 13. Ecological Succession Gradual change in living communities that follows a disturbance.
- 14. Primary Succession Successionthat occurs on surfaces where no soil exists.
- 15. Pioneer Species First species to populate an area during primary succession.
- 16. Secondary Succession Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil.
- 17. Key Concept How do biotic and abiotic factors influence an ecosystem? Together, biotic and abiotic factors determine the survival and growth of an organism and the productivity of the ecosystem in which the organism lives.
- 18. Key Concept What interactions occur within communities? Community interactions, such as competition, predation, and various forms of symbiosis, can powerfully affect an ecosystem.
- 19. Key Concept What is ecological succession? Gradual change in living communities that follows a disturbance.