This document discusses various types of biofertilizers and their applications. It describes biofertilizers as living microorganisms that help make nutrients available to plants and improve soil health. Some key biofertilizers mentioned are mycorrhizae, which form symbiotic relationships with plant roots; azospirillum, an nitrogen-fixing bacteria applied to seeds and roots; azotobacter, a free-living nitrogen fixer; azolla, a water fern containing nitrogen-fixing algae; and rhizobium, which fixes nitrogen for legumes. The document provides details on how each biofertilizer is applied and its benefits for plant growth and soil nutrition.

1. BIOFERTILIZER APPLICATIONS

2. BIOFERTILIZER
• Biofertilizers are ready to use live formulates of
such beneficial microorganisms which on
application to seed, root or soil mobilize the
availability of nutrients by their biological
activity in particular, and help build up the micro-
flora and in turn the soil health in general.
• Biofertilizers are not fertilizers

3. MYCORRHIZAE AS BIOFERTILIZER
• Symbiosis between plant roots and fungi.
• Types of Mycorrhizae
• Ectomycorrhiza
• Endomycorrhiza
• Ectendomycorrhiza
• Applications:
• hand placement below the seed material
Inoculam placement 5-8cm below the surface-earthen pots

4. • Uses:
• Transfer of metabolites from to fungal symbiont and
the other plants
• Growth hormone-IAA
• Plant protection/biocontrol of pathogens-passive
mechanical behavior soil temperature, soil toxins, high
acidity, heavy metal toxicity.

5. AZOSPIRILLUM AS BIOFERILIZER
• Anaerobic bacterium
• Fixes atmospheric nitrogen
• Root system of grasses like Maize, Sorghum,
• Association with root system – Associate symbiosis

6. APPLICATION OF AZOSPIRILLUM
• Roots of plants are dipped before transplantation
• 12g of carboxy methylcellulose added to 1l. Acts as pelleting
agent
• Inoculum is spread over the seeds placed in polythene paper
• Inoculum mixed with FYM (1:1) – used in seed treatment
• USES:
• fixes 20-40 kg N/hectare.

7. AZOTOBACTER AS BIOFERTILIZER
• Free living, non symbiotic, n fixing bacterium
• Diameter – 2-4 um
• Gram negative, neutral to alkaline, aerobic bacterium
• USES:
• Biologically active substance- nicotinic acid, gibberellic acid, biotin
• 75% of its use

8. APPLICATION OF AZOTOBACTER
• 2kg of inoculum+ 20-25 kg of well decomposed
cattle dung+ 20-25kg of soil for 1 ha of paddy
• Seedling treatment
• Seed treatment – dip in inoculum in one night
and sown in early morning
• Polythene paper

9. AZOLLA AS BIOFERTILIZER
• Water fern
• Symbiotic association with blue green algae
• Seen in the surface of rice fields
• N fixation

10. APPLICATION
• 15 – 20 t biomass to cover a ha
• DM of Azolla give 3-6% of N
• Microsporocarp and megasporocarp
• Poultry and cattle feed
• Weed control like E.crusgalli

11. RHIZOBIUM AS BIOFERTILIZER
• Fixes atm pressure
• Rhizobium is used for pulse legum.
• Well nodulated leguminous plants
• It fixes 50-100 kg N/hectare with legumes.

12. CYANOBACTERIUM AS BIOFERTILIZER
• Cyanobacterium (blue green algae)
• Unicellular, colonial, filamentous forms.
• It is an algae, fixes 20-30 kg N/hectare.
• Its application to rice increases yield by 15-20%.
• APPLICATION:
• After 1 week of transplant –apply

13. PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISM AS
BIOFERTILIZER
• P is macronutrient
• AM will help in transfer of P from to host plant
• Application:
• inoculation of soil with rock phosphate result in increase in DM
Than triple super phosphate
• Mycorrizhae will increase both yield and P-uptake by wheat and bean but not
phosphate solubilization.
• Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) have the potential to enhance phosphate-
induced immobilization of metals to remediate contaminated soil.