Biodiversity classification, Biological Hotspots,
Importance of Biodiversity,
Threats to Biodiversity,
Endangered & Endemic species of India,
Conservation of Biodiversity.
Biodiversity
valves of biodiversity
threats to biodiversity
conservation of biodiversity
Environment
conservation of biodiversity
types of biodiversity
threats to biodiversity
This is the introductory lesson of the course; 'Foundation of Environmental Management' taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Ecology derived from two Greek word “oikos” means house, habitation or place of living & “logos” means study.
Definition: Ecology is the study of interrelationship between living organism and their physical and biological environment.
Ecology is the scientific study of organisms `at home' which is called as the `environment'. The term `environment' refers to those parts of the world or the total set of circumstances which surround an organism or a group of organisms.
Biodiversity
valves of biodiversity
threats to biodiversity
conservation of biodiversity
Environment
conservation of biodiversity
types of biodiversity
threats to biodiversity
This is the introductory lesson of the course; 'Foundation of Environmental Management' taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Ecology derived from two Greek word “oikos” means house, habitation or place of living & “logos” means study.
Definition: Ecology is the study of interrelationship between living organism and their physical and biological environment.
Ecology is the scientific study of organisms `at home' which is called as the `environment'. The term `environment' refers to those parts of the world or the total set of circumstances which surround an organism or a group of organisms.
Hello. I am Kripa Thapa Magar, Public Health Professional. This slide was prepared when I was in BPH 4th semester, National Open College as an assignment of environmental health subject by compiling information from different sources.
threats to biodiversity, conservation of aquatic biodiversity, conservation of terrestrial biodiversity, what is biodiversity, biodiversity of India, conservation of biodiversity
An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio-productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem. there are three types of pyramid- 1) Pyramid of number.2) Pyramid of biomass 3) Pyramid of energy.
Introduction to Ecology
Concept of Ecology
Branches of Ecology
Scope of Ecology
Laws of Ecology
@ Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, JKKNIU
Presented by: EFFAT, SHUMI, SHUCHE, TAMANNA, TANHA, NAYON.
PPT PDF DOCX.
VCE Environmental Science: Unit 3: Biodiversity. Introduction that explains the definitions and reasons to conserve biodiversity on a genetic, species and ecosystem level.
Hello. I am Kripa Thapa Magar, Public Health Professional. This slide was prepared when I was in BPH 4th semester, National Open College as an assignment of environmental health subject by compiling information from different sources.
threats to biodiversity, conservation of aquatic biodiversity, conservation of terrestrial biodiversity, what is biodiversity, biodiversity of India, conservation of biodiversity
An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio-productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem. there are three types of pyramid- 1) Pyramid of number.2) Pyramid of biomass 3) Pyramid of energy.
Introduction to Ecology
Concept of Ecology
Branches of Ecology
Scope of Ecology
Laws of Ecology
@ Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, JKKNIU
Presented by: EFFAT, SHUMI, SHUCHE, TAMANNA, TANHA, NAYON.
PPT PDF DOCX.
VCE Environmental Science: Unit 3: Biodiversity. Introduction that explains the definitions and reasons to conserve biodiversity on a genetic, species and ecosystem level.
Biodiversity and its Conservation methodsNishat Fatima
Biodiversity describes the richness and variety of life on earth. It is the most complex and important feature of our planet. Without biodiversity, life would not sustain.
Biodiversity holds ecological and economic significance. It provides us with nourishment, housing, fuel, clothing and several other resources. It also extracts monetary benefits through tourism. Therefore, it is very important to have a good knowledge of biodiversity for a sustainable livelihood.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
2. BIODIVERSITY - DEFINITION
• The term biodiversity was coined by E.O. Wilson in 1985.
• The term Biodiversity is contraction of term Biological Diversity.
• Biodiversity: Defined as The variety & variability among living
organisms and the Ecological complexes in which they occur.
OR
It is the measure of relative density among living organisms present in
different ecosystems
• It is said to be biological wealth of a country or region.
3. IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY
• It plays an important role in in the formation & enriching soil.
• Biodiversity influences the water cycle and biochemical cycles in the
ecosystem.
• Important for the proper functioning of many organisms and
ecosystems.
• Human population depends on the varieties of plants & animals for
their food, clothing, shelter, etc.
• Biological wealth of a country or region.
4. TYPES OR LEVELS OF BIODIVERSITY
GENETIC DIVERSITY
SPECIES DIVERSITY
ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
5. GENETIC DIVERSITY
• Genetic diversity is the amount of variation in genetic material (DNA)
within a species or within a population.
• The magnitude of variation in genes of a species increases with increase in
size and environmental parameters of the habitat.
• Genetic diversity has the following importance:
• (i) It helps in speciation or evolution of new species;
• (ii) It is useful in adaptation to changes in environmental conditions;
• (iii) It is important for agricultural productivity and development
6. SPECIES DIVERSITY
• Species Diversity refers to the variety of different types of living
things on earth such as plants, bacteria, mammals, insects, etc. within a
region.
• Species can be defined as a group or population of similar organisms
that reproduce by interbreeding within the group.
• To accurately determine species diversity, both the species richness,
which is the number of different species, and the relative abundance,
which is the number of individuals within each species, must be
considered.
• The species richness depends largely on climatic conditions.
7. ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY
• Ecosystem Diversity describes the assemblage and Interaction of
spices living together and the physical environment of a given area.
• It relates varieties of habitats, biotic communities ecological processes
in biosphere.
• It also tells about the diversity within the ecosystem. For example, the
landscapes like grass lands, deserts, mountains etc. show ecosystem
diversity.
• The ecosystem diversity is due to diversity of niches, trophic levels
and ecological processes like nutrient cycling, food webs, energy flow,
role of dominant species and various related biotic interactions.
• Such type of diversity can generate more productive and stable
ecosystems or communities capable of tolerating various types of
stresses e.g. drought, flood etc.
8. HOT SPOTS OF BIODIVERSITY
• The area which exhibit high species richness as well as high species
endemism & are threatened by human activities are termed as Hot
Spots of Biodiversity.
• There are about 36 biodiversity hotspots world wide. They once
covered 15.7% of the earth’s land surface, 86% of these Hotspot
habitat has already been destroyed. The intact remnants of the
Hotspots now cover only 2.5% of the earth’s land surface.
• Hotspots cover about 50% of terrestrial biodiversity. About 40%
terrestrial plants, 25% vertebrate species (Endemic)
• Broadly Hotspots are in the Western Amazon, Madagascar, North &
East Borneo, North-Eastern Australia, West Africa & Brazilian
Amazon forests
• Out of these Hotspots TWO Hotspots are in INDIA & are present in
Eastern Himalayas & Western Ghats.
9. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
• In the 20th century, the human impact has been so severe that thousands of
species & varieties of plant and animal life become extinct annually.
• Number of animal species have become extinct due to natural forces like:
• Volcanic eruption,
• Earthquakes, glaciations,
• Desertification,
• Global warming,
• Soil erosion,
• Floods, droughts
• Forest fires
• Eutrophication, etc .
10. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
• The main causes of loss of biodiversity are:
1) Loss of Natural Habitats or Destruction of Habitats: Habitat destruction
is responsible for about 80% of the extinction of the species.
• Natural forests and grasslands have been the natural homes of thousands of
species of wild life.
• Habitat loss may be due to:
• Natural causes like forest fire
• Anthropogenic causes like deforestation, killing of animals etc.
• Construction of dams & reservoirs,
• Construction of highways & railway lines
• Building of industries
• Felling of forest trees etc.
11. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
2) Poaching of Wildlife: means illegal hunting of wild animals as a
game or for the sake of animal products to be sold for money.
• Despite ban smuggling of wildlife products like furs, hides, horns, etc.
by mafia continues on a large scale, poaching of endangered species in
the international market
• Poaching of wildlife led to extinction of various species in the
biosphere.
12. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
3) Man-Wildlife Conflicts: The encroachment of the natural habitats of
wildlife by modern man, i.e. forest has shrunk.
• The shrinkage has compelled the wild animals to move outside the
forests and enter villages and towns around the forests and attack the
agricultural fields, domestic animals, and sometimes, even human
beings.
• This has made the people, i.e. the villagers kill the wild animals that
have strayed into their villages . The result is loss of wild animals.
• Anthropogenic activities like developmental pressure, encroachment,
over exploitation, faulty management of forests and wildlife, etc.have
also led to man-wild life conflict.
13. THREATS TO BIODIVERSITY
4) Other Causes for Loss of Biodiversity:
• Introduction of exotic species
• Over-exploitation of natural resources like over-grazing, over-fishing
etc.
• Pollution specifically aquatic pollution
• Disturbance in migratory routes of animals
• Official laxity in the implementation of Wildlife Protection
Environment Protection act.
14. ENDANGERED SPECIES
• Endangered species are those species of organisms that are in danger
of extinction & whose survival is unlikely, if factors continue
operating. These include :
• Vulnerable species; those species that are likely to move into the
endangered category in the near future, if the causal factors continue
operating.
• Rare species; are those species with a small populations that are not,
at present , endangered or vulnerable, but are at risk.
• Threatened species; refer to those species which are in one of the
three categories, viz. endangered, vulnerable or rare.
15. ENDANGERED SPECIES OF INDIA
• India has 154 species of animals regarded as endangered species.
These include:
• 53 species of insects
• 69 species of birds
• 29 species of reptiles and
• 3 species of amphibians
16. ENDANGERED SPECIES OF INDIA
• Some important endangered species of animals of india are;
1. Reptiles: Gharial, Green sea turtle, Tortoise and Python
2. Birds: Great Indian bustard, peacock, Pelican, Siberian White crane
Great Indian hornbill, Pink-headed duck
3. Carnivores: Indian wolf, Red fox, Sloth bear, Red Panda, Tiger,
Leopard, Striped hyena, Indian Loin, Golden cat,
4. Primates: Hoolock Gibbon, Loin-tailed macaque, nilgiri longur
capped monkey, Golden monkey.
17. ENDEMIC SPECIES
• Endemic species are species of organisms which are restricted to a
particular area. These are species which exist only in certain
conditions which are present in a definite area.
• Endemic Species of India: out of total 81000 species of animals large
number is endemic. About 62% amphibians & 50% lizards are
endemic to Western Ghats.
• Reticulated Python, Salamander, Varanus, Brown palm civet, Nilgiri,
Thar, etc are some important endemic species of India.
• Out of about 47000 species of plants , about 7000 species are
endemic , usually restricted (62%) to Himalayas, Khasi Hills, Western
Ghats.
• Some important flora include; Sapria Himalayana, Uvalia lurida,
Nephenthes, Khasiana, Pedicularis perrater, etc.
18. CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY
• In-situ Conservation: The conservation of ecosystem and natural
habitats, and maintenance and recovery of viable population of
species in their natural surroundings and in the case of domesticated
or cultivated species, in the surrounding where they have developed
their distinctive properties. This means it is the conservation of
biodiversity in its natural habitat.
• Merits of In-situ conservation;
1. Cheap method for conservation
2. Convenient way for conservation of biodiversity
3. Factors detrimental to the existence of the species concerned can
be eliminated
19. CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY
• Ex-situ Conservation: It may be defined as the conservation of the
components of biological diversity outside their natural habitats. This
means maintenance and breeding of endangered plant and animals
species under partially or wholly controlled condition. E.g. Zoos
nurseries, laboratories etc.
• Merits of Ex-situ conservation:
1. Conservation of crop varieties for future improvement programmes.
2. Plays important role in transfer desired traits in high yielding
varieties
• Demerits of Ex-situ Conservation: (1) Costly
(2) Impossible to create ideal habitats outside their natural habitats.