This document provides an overview of clinical chemistry and biochemical tests. It introduces important enzymes and categories of tests including full blood counts, liver function tests, and renal function tests. Biochemical tests are divided into three groups based on specificity: full blood counts and organ function tests, vitamins and hormones, and autoantibodies and tumor markers. Full blood counts analyze components of blood like white and red blood cells, hemoglobin, and platelets. Liver function tests measure proteins, enzymes, and bilirubin to determine liver status.

1. INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL
CHEMISTRY

2. Overview
• Introduction
• Clinically important enzymes
• Overview of tests
• Full blood count
• Liver function test

3. Introduction
• Clinical Biochemistry is based on the biochemical events and
parameters in the body.
• The aim of the biochemical analysis is to determine the state of the
body of human by comparing the obtained values with standard
parameters.

4. Clinically important enzymes
• Alanine aminotransferase
• Alkaline phosphatase
• Amylase
• Aspartate aminotransferase
• Cholinesterase
• Creatine kinase
• Gamma-glutamyl transferase
• Lactate dehydrogenase
• 5’ – nucleotidase
• Trypsine

5. Overview of tests
• Typical biochemical tests divided into 3 categories based on
specificity:
1. Full blood count, Liver function test, Urea and electrolytes, Bone
profile
2. Folate, Hormones, Vitamins, Trace elements
3. Auto-antibodies, Tumor markers

6. Full blood count
•Analysis of several components of blood:
• White blood cells
• Red blood cells
• Hemoglobin
• Hematocrit
• Platelets

7. Liver function test
• Based on measuring the levels of proteins, liver enzymes or bilirubin
in blood in order to determine the state of the liver.
• alanine transaminase (ALT),
• aspartate aminotransferase (AST),
• alkaline phosphatase (ALP),
• albumin,
• bilirubin tests

8. Rennal function test
• Kidney function tests
• Creatinine clearance test
• Urea clearance test
• Urine osmolality test
• Urine protein test
• Blood urea nitrogen test
• Creatinine test

9. Collection of samples (Blood)

10. Collection of samples (urine)