Bioavailability refers to the rate and extent to which an active drug reaches systemic circulation from its site of administration. It depends on pharmaceutical factors like dosage form, particle size, salt form, and excipients. Pharmacological factors such as gastric emptying, gastrointestinal diseases, food, and drug interactions also influence bioavailability. Bioavailability can vary between individuals due to pharmacogenetic reasons. The bioavailability of orally administered drugs is usually lower than intravenous routes due to first-pass metabolism in the liver.