This document provides an overview of an industrial training report submitted by Ronak Bhambri at Laborate Pharmaceuticals Ltd. regarding the production of tablets. It includes a declaration by Ronak, a training certificate, and acknowledgements. The report then covers various aspects of the tablet production process at the facility including sizing, powder blending, granulation, drying, tablet compression, coating, packaging and evaluation. It provides details on the machinery and processes used at each stage of tablet manufacturing. The trainee expresses gratitude for the learning experience and opportunity to gain practical experience in the pharmaceutical industry.
Industrial training report pharmaceutical companiesMunish Kumar
Munish Kumar completed an industrial training at Eurolife Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. as part of his Bachelor of Pharmacy degree requirements. Eurolife Healthcare manufactures and distributes tablets, intravenous infusions, and other healthcare products. During his 4-week training, Munish observed and gained experience in various production processes including raw material handling, tablet formulation, compression, coating, packaging, and quality control testing. He expressed gratitude to the staff at Eurolife Healthcare and his college for enabling this valuable practical learning experience.
This document discusses the process of manufacturing tablets. It begins by providing an introduction and definition of tablets. It then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of tablets. The document outlines the different types of tablets and describes the main manufacturing processes of wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression. It provides details on each process and discusses their advantages and limitations. The document is a guide on the production of tablets from start to finish.
The document discusses the process of granulation used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It defines granulation as a process of gathering small particles into larger masses where the original particles can still be identified. Granulation is done to improve properties like flowability, uniformity and compressibility for tablet manufacturing. The two main types of granulation methods discussed are wet granulation, which uses a liquid binder, and dry granulation, which does not use liquid. Wet granulation is more commonly used. The document provides details of the wet granulation process and equipment used like paste kettle, rapid mixer granulator etc. It explains that granulation helps in achieving uniform dosage forms needed for high-speed tableting and capsule filling lines in pharmaceutical production.
This document is a project report submitted by Abhishek Saurabh for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy at Birla Institute of Technology in Ranchi, India in 2015. The report provides an overview of the historical development of pharmaceutical regulatory affairs in the United States, Europe, and India from the early 19th century to the present. It discusses key events that shaped drug regulation, such as the vaccine tragedy of 1901 in the US that led to the Biologics Control Act of 1902, and various tragedies in the 1950s that increased legislation around drug quality, safety and efficacy.
The document is an industrial training report submitted by Ashwani Kumar for partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree. It provides details of Ashwani's 6-week industrial training at Dhanuka Laboratories Limited in Gurgaon, including an overview of the company and its products, descriptions of key manufacturing sections like granulation, blending, compression and coating, and summaries of quality control and packaging operations. The report contains certificates, acknowledgements and declarations as required.
Industrial training report pharmaceutical companiesMunish Kumar
Munish Kumar completed an industrial training at Eurolife Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. as part of his Bachelor of Pharmacy degree requirements. Eurolife Healthcare manufactures and distributes tablets, intravenous infusions, and other healthcare products. During his 4-week training, Munish observed and gained experience in various production processes including raw material handling, tablet formulation, compression, coating, packaging, and quality control testing. He expressed gratitude to the staff at Eurolife Healthcare and his college for enabling this valuable practical learning experience.
This document discusses the process of manufacturing tablets. It begins by providing an introduction and definition of tablets. It then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of tablets. The document outlines the different types of tablets and describes the main manufacturing processes of wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression. It provides details on each process and discusses their advantages and limitations. The document is a guide on the production of tablets from start to finish.
The document discusses the process of granulation used in pharmaceutical manufacturing. It defines granulation as a process of gathering small particles into larger masses where the original particles can still be identified. Granulation is done to improve properties like flowability, uniformity and compressibility for tablet manufacturing. The two main types of granulation methods discussed are wet granulation, which uses a liquid binder, and dry granulation, which does not use liquid. Wet granulation is more commonly used. The document provides details of the wet granulation process and equipment used like paste kettle, rapid mixer granulator etc. It explains that granulation helps in achieving uniform dosage forms needed for high-speed tableting and capsule filling lines in pharmaceutical production.
This document is a project report submitted by Abhishek Saurabh for the degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy at Birla Institute of Technology in Ranchi, India in 2015. The report provides an overview of the historical development of pharmaceutical regulatory affairs in the United States, Europe, and India from the early 19th century to the present. It discusses key events that shaped drug regulation, such as the vaccine tragedy of 1901 in the US that led to the Biologics Control Act of 1902, and various tragedies in the 1950s that increased legislation around drug quality, safety and efficacy.
The document is an industrial training report submitted by Ashwani Kumar for partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree. It provides details of Ashwani's 6-week industrial training at Dhanuka Laboratories Limited in Gurgaon, including an overview of the company and its products, descriptions of key manufacturing sections like granulation, blending, compression and coating, and summaries of quality control and packaging operations. The report contains certificates, acknowledgements and declarations as required.
The document is a training report submitted by Bipul Deka detailing his four week industrial training at Ozone Pharmaceuticals Ltd in Guwahati, India. It includes an introduction to Ozone Pharmaceuticals describing its founding, mission, and various divisions. It then describes the key production sections at Ozone including tablet manufacturing processes, equipment used, and coating methods. The report provides an overview of Bipul Deka's training and observations at Ozone Pharmaceuticals' production facilities.
The document summarizes the constitution and functions of key organizations under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and Rules of 1945 in India. The Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB) advises the central and state governments and consists of 18 ex-officio and nominated members. The Drugs Consultative Committee (DCC) advises on securing uniformity and consists of central and state government representatives. The Central Drugs Laboratory (CDL) in Kolkata analyzes drug and cosmetic samples sent by courts and customs and maintains reference standards.
The document discusses preformulation, which involves determining the physicochemical properties of a new drug substance to aid in developing a stable dosage form. Key goals are to formulate a safe, effective dosage form with good bioavailability. The document outlines areas studied in preformulation including solubility, polymorphism, hygroscopicity, and particle characterization. Understanding these properties helps ensure the drug will perform as intended.
Abhishek Ghara completed an industrial training at Gluconate Health Limited, a pharmaceutical manufacturing company in West Bengal.
[1] The company was formed through the merger of two companies in 1990 and is wholly owned by the government of West Bengal.
[2] Ghara thanks the managers and staff at the company for their cooperation and guidance during his training.
[3] He provides details of the company's production, quality control, packaging, and other departments as well as the instruments used and manufacturing processes for tablets, capsules, and liquids.
Bonded laboratories are suitable for large-scale manufacture of goods and require supervision from excise staff. They must have four distinct compartments and pay excise duty when goods are removed. Non-bonded laboratories are suitable for small-scale manufacture without excise staff oversight. They require three compartments and pay excise duty upon purchase of raw spirits. Advance security money is needed for bonded laboratories but not for non-bonded ones, though state governments can relax infrastructure requirements for low alcohol production.
Technology transfer (tt) agencies in Indiakavita bahmani
The document discusses various agencies involved in technology transfer in India. It provides details on 6 key agencies:
1) APCTD - A UN agency that promotes technology transfer between countries in Asia and the Pacific.
2) NRDC - India's premier organization for commercializing technologies from universities and research institutions. It has licensed over 4,500 technologies.
3) TIFAC - Set up under the Department of Science and Technology to identify and implement technology projects to further goals of developing India.
4) BCIL - A public company set up to support biotechnology transfer, consulting, funding and training. It assists with commercializing academic technologies.
5) TBSE - Provides funding and consulting for small businesses
Copp - CERTIFICATE OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTSuraj Pamadi
The document discusses the Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product (CoPP), which is issued by regulatory authorities to help importing countries assess the quality of pharmaceutical products. It outlines the importance of the CoPP for product registration in other countries. The summary also describes the application process for obtaining a CoPP in India, including requirements for documentation, inspections, and the format of the certificate.
This document discusses the formulation and evaluation of calcium alginate beads loaded with diclofenac sodium. The objective is to develop an extended release dosage form of diclofenac sodium to reduce dosing frequency and improve patient compliance by maintaining therapeutic drug levels. Calcium alginate beads are prepared using an ionotropic gelation method by dropping sodium alginate solution containing diclofenac sodium into calcium chloride solution, resulting in crosslinking and formation of beads. The beads are evaluated for drug release using dissolution studies.
Internship report for pharmaceutical industryRai Waqas
Envoy Pharmaceutical is an ISO certified pharmaceutical company located in Lahore, Pakistan. The internship report summarizes the company's departments and manufacturing processes. Key departments include warehousing, production, and quality control. The production department manufactures tablets, capsules, oral liquids, and injectables using modern equipment according to cGMP standards. Raw materials are received and tested before use. Finished products are packaged and labeled for distribution. The report provides an overview of Envoy Pharmaceutical's operations during the author's internship.
The document is an industrial training report submitted by Jayesh Mohansing Rajput to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree. It provides an overview of his training at Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd in Nashik, India. The report describes Glenmark's history and facilities, including departments for documentation, production, quality control, and quality assurance. It also lists some of Glenmark's regulatory approvals and top-selling products.
The document discusses key concepts and steps in preformulation testing. Preformulation involves investigating the physical and chemical properties of a drug substance alone and when combined with excipients. This generates useful information for formulating stable and safe dosage forms with good bioavailability. Some important properties discussed include solubility, particle size and shape, melting point, thermal analysis profile, hygroscopicity, and polymorphism potential. Determining these properties of a new drug substance is an important first step before developing drug formulations.
Novel drug delivery system, nanoparticles, resealed erythrocytes, niosomes, microspheres. It also contains information about virus, bacterias and their removal methods and sterility methods.
LINK FOR VIDEO LECTURES
https://youtu.be/-4nzP2vOGdg
DRUG TECHNICAL ADVISORY BOARD IS IN THE PHARMACY SYLLABUS AND THE QUESTIONS ARE ASKED IN THE PHARMACY EXAMS .
SUCH AS GPAT NIPER AND SEMSESTER EXAM/
Bio pharmaceutical classification System [BCS]Sagar Savale
The Biopharmaceutical Classification System was first developed by in 1995, by Amidon et al & his colleagues.
Definition:
“The Biopharmaceutical Classification System is a scientific framework for classifying a drug substance based on its aqueous solubility & intestinal permeability & dissolution rate”.
To saved time fast screening is required so drug substances are classified on basis of solubility and permeability. This classification is called Biopharmaceutical Classification System
This document summarizes an internship report from a student who interned at Amneal Pharmaceuticals in Ahmedabad, India. It provides an overview of the company's vision, manufacturing processes for tablets and capsules, packaging department procedures, and descriptions of some common products. The student concludes they gained valuable practical experience beyond textbooks and appreciate the opportunity provided by their guide and the company's manager.
It consists the details about the pharmaceutical formulations and development as well as new drug development.
It consists the different stages in clinical trials.
It have the details about new drug application process
ANDA
NDA
FDA APPROVAL
IND APPLICATION
CLINICAL TRIALS AND RESEARCH
New drug invention
Based on Industrial Training internship report in B pharmacy 4th year.
At Roseate Medicare Pharmaceutical Industry Solan.
From Shanti Niketan college of Pharmacy (Malther ,Ratti ,Mandi ,HP 175008)
This document reports on a student's industrial visit to the Uttar Pradesh Evertouch Healthcare Pharmacy in Kosi Kotwan, Mathura. It provides details on the company's facilities and production processes. The company produces various pharmaceutical dosage forms including tablets, capsules, syrups, and ayurvedic preparations. The report describes key production steps for these different forms such as granulation, blending, drying, punching, coating, filling capsules and syrups. It also discusses quality control processes to ensure product quality.
The document is a training report submitted by Bipul Deka detailing his four week industrial training at Ozone Pharmaceuticals Ltd in Guwahati, India. It includes an introduction to Ozone Pharmaceuticals describing its founding, mission, and various divisions. It then describes the key production sections at Ozone including tablet manufacturing processes, equipment used, and coating methods. The report provides an overview of Bipul Deka's training and observations at Ozone Pharmaceuticals' production facilities.
The document summarizes the constitution and functions of key organizations under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940 and Rules of 1945 in India. The Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB) advises the central and state governments and consists of 18 ex-officio and nominated members. The Drugs Consultative Committee (DCC) advises on securing uniformity and consists of central and state government representatives. The Central Drugs Laboratory (CDL) in Kolkata analyzes drug and cosmetic samples sent by courts and customs and maintains reference standards.
The document discusses preformulation, which involves determining the physicochemical properties of a new drug substance to aid in developing a stable dosage form. Key goals are to formulate a safe, effective dosage form with good bioavailability. The document outlines areas studied in preformulation including solubility, polymorphism, hygroscopicity, and particle characterization. Understanding these properties helps ensure the drug will perform as intended.
Abhishek Ghara completed an industrial training at Gluconate Health Limited, a pharmaceutical manufacturing company in West Bengal.
[1] The company was formed through the merger of two companies in 1990 and is wholly owned by the government of West Bengal.
[2] Ghara thanks the managers and staff at the company for their cooperation and guidance during his training.
[3] He provides details of the company's production, quality control, packaging, and other departments as well as the instruments used and manufacturing processes for tablets, capsules, and liquids.
Bonded laboratories are suitable for large-scale manufacture of goods and require supervision from excise staff. They must have four distinct compartments and pay excise duty when goods are removed. Non-bonded laboratories are suitable for small-scale manufacture without excise staff oversight. They require three compartments and pay excise duty upon purchase of raw spirits. Advance security money is needed for bonded laboratories but not for non-bonded ones, though state governments can relax infrastructure requirements for low alcohol production.
Technology transfer (tt) agencies in Indiakavita bahmani
The document discusses various agencies involved in technology transfer in India. It provides details on 6 key agencies:
1) APCTD - A UN agency that promotes technology transfer between countries in Asia and the Pacific.
2) NRDC - India's premier organization for commercializing technologies from universities and research institutions. It has licensed over 4,500 technologies.
3) TIFAC - Set up under the Department of Science and Technology to identify and implement technology projects to further goals of developing India.
4) BCIL - A public company set up to support biotechnology transfer, consulting, funding and training. It assists with commercializing academic technologies.
5) TBSE - Provides funding and consulting for small businesses
Copp - CERTIFICATE OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTSuraj Pamadi
The document discusses the Certificate of Pharmaceutical Product (CoPP), which is issued by regulatory authorities to help importing countries assess the quality of pharmaceutical products. It outlines the importance of the CoPP for product registration in other countries. The summary also describes the application process for obtaining a CoPP in India, including requirements for documentation, inspections, and the format of the certificate.
This document discusses the formulation and evaluation of calcium alginate beads loaded with diclofenac sodium. The objective is to develop an extended release dosage form of diclofenac sodium to reduce dosing frequency and improve patient compliance by maintaining therapeutic drug levels. Calcium alginate beads are prepared using an ionotropic gelation method by dropping sodium alginate solution containing diclofenac sodium into calcium chloride solution, resulting in crosslinking and formation of beads. The beads are evaluated for drug release using dissolution studies.
Internship report for pharmaceutical industryRai Waqas
Envoy Pharmaceutical is an ISO certified pharmaceutical company located in Lahore, Pakistan. The internship report summarizes the company's departments and manufacturing processes. Key departments include warehousing, production, and quality control. The production department manufactures tablets, capsules, oral liquids, and injectables using modern equipment according to cGMP standards. Raw materials are received and tested before use. Finished products are packaged and labeled for distribution. The report provides an overview of Envoy Pharmaceutical's operations during the author's internship.
The document is an industrial training report submitted by Jayesh Mohansing Rajput to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree. It provides an overview of his training at Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd in Nashik, India. The report describes Glenmark's history and facilities, including departments for documentation, production, quality control, and quality assurance. It also lists some of Glenmark's regulatory approvals and top-selling products.
The document discusses key concepts and steps in preformulation testing. Preformulation involves investigating the physical and chemical properties of a drug substance alone and when combined with excipients. This generates useful information for formulating stable and safe dosage forms with good bioavailability. Some important properties discussed include solubility, particle size and shape, melting point, thermal analysis profile, hygroscopicity, and polymorphism potential. Determining these properties of a new drug substance is an important first step before developing drug formulations.
Novel drug delivery system, nanoparticles, resealed erythrocytes, niosomes, microspheres. It also contains information about virus, bacterias and their removal methods and sterility methods.
LINK FOR VIDEO LECTURES
https://youtu.be/-4nzP2vOGdg
DRUG TECHNICAL ADVISORY BOARD IS IN THE PHARMACY SYLLABUS AND THE QUESTIONS ARE ASKED IN THE PHARMACY EXAMS .
SUCH AS GPAT NIPER AND SEMSESTER EXAM/
Bio pharmaceutical classification System [BCS]Sagar Savale
The Biopharmaceutical Classification System was first developed by in 1995, by Amidon et al & his colleagues.
Definition:
“The Biopharmaceutical Classification System is a scientific framework for classifying a drug substance based on its aqueous solubility & intestinal permeability & dissolution rate”.
To saved time fast screening is required so drug substances are classified on basis of solubility and permeability. This classification is called Biopharmaceutical Classification System
This document summarizes an internship report from a student who interned at Amneal Pharmaceuticals in Ahmedabad, India. It provides an overview of the company's vision, manufacturing processes for tablets and capsules, packaging department procedures, and descriptions of some common products. The student concludes they gained valuable practical experience beyond textbooks and appreciate the opportunity provided by their guide and the company's manager.
It consists the details about the pharmaceutical formulations and development as well as new drug development.
It consists the different stages in clinical trials.
It have the details about new drug application process
ANDA
NDA
FDA APPROVAL
IND APPLICATION
CLINICAL TRIALS AND RESEARCH
New drug invention
Based on Industrial Training internship report in B pharmacy 4th year.
At Roseate Medicare Pharmaceutical Industry Solan.
From Shanti Niketan college of Pharmacy (Malther ,Ratti ,Mandi ,HP 175008)
This document reports on a student's industrial visit to the Uttar Pradesh Evertouch Healthcare Pharmacy in Kosi Kotwan, Mathura. It provides details on the company's facilities and production processes. The company produces various pharmaceutical dosage forms including tablets, capsules, syrups, and ayurvedic preparations. The report describes key production steps for these different forms such as granulation, blending, drying, punching, coating, filling capsules and syrups. It also discusses quality control processes to ensure product quality.
Industrial training report by sandeep janaSandeep Jana
The tablet production method involves three main steps:
1) Granulation of powder mix - Powders are blended and granulated using a wet or dry process.
2) Compression - Granules are compressed into tablets using a tablet press and dies/punches.
3) Finishing - Tablets may undergo processes like coating, printing, packaging and quality control testing.
This document is an industrial training report submitted by Rohit Yadav to partially fulfill the requirements of a B.Pharma degree. It summarizes Rohit's one month internship at NAVKAR LIFESCIENCE Pvt. Ltd, including an overview of the company and acknowledgements. The report then describes the various sections and processes involved in pharmaceutical manufacturing, with a focus on tablet and capsule production processes, equipment used, and quality control procedures.
The document summarizes Supriya Kumari's one month industrial training report at NAVKAR LIFESCIENCE Pvt. Ltd. It includes an overview of the company and its vision, sections within the pharmaceutical plant including tablet, capsule and oral liquid production, and quality control processes. Key areas covered are tablet manufacturing involving granulation, compression and coating, capsule filling, and quality control equipment used to test raw materials and finished products. The report provides insights into various unit operations and aims to fulfill the requirements for Supriya's B.Pharma degree.
1. The document summarizes a student's visit to the Zirabo plant of Incepta Pharmaceuticals, describing the journey, location of the plant, production areas visited, quality control lab, and key takeaways.
2. The production area was observed, including tablet granulation, blending, compression, coating, and packaging. Solid dosage forms like tablets are prepared through processes like dispensing, milling, blending, granulation, compression, coating and packaging.
3. The quality control lab has sections for raw materials, packaging materials, and finished products and is equipped with sophisticated instruments to ensure quality standards are met according to GMP and ICH guidelines.
This document provides an overview of capsule production in 3 sentences: It discusses the production process at Bengal School of Technology in India for a student named Ankush Biswas. It acknowledges the contributions of his supervisor and others who supported his project on capsule production. It then outlines the contents of the report which will cover topics like capsule types, manufacturing processes, quality control, and conditions maintained for capsule production.
Pharmaceuticals in plant training presentation by DonMehedi Hasan Don
The document provides an overview of an in-plant training presentation at Orion Pharma Ltd. It introduces the company and popular products. It then describes visits to key departments including production (tablets, capsules, liquids, creams/ointments, sterile), PPIC, R&D, quality assurance, and quality control. The production processes, equipment, testing, and roles of each department are summarized. The engineering department maintains production and the working environment.
This presentation includes introduction of validation, types of validation,process validation of dosage forms[ solids(tablets),liquids(emulsions and suspensions),semisolids.
This industrial training report describes Tapasya Pal's one month training at Navkar Lifesciences. The report includes sections on the manufacturing, packaging, and testing processes at the facility. It provides details on the equipment used in granulation, blending, compression, and coating of pharmaceutical products. It also discusses packaging methods like ALU-ALU packing, blister packing, and strip packing. Maintaining good manufacturing practices and standard operating procedures is emphasized.
in plant training at arrow pharmaceuticals pvt ltd BhaktapurNeil Ojha
Arrow Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd was established over 7 years ago under the leadership of now technical director Mahesh Bhatta, a veteran in the field of pharmacy education at institutions like Kathmandu University, with a worldwide level of experience in the field of pharmaceutics. Currently there are over 57 shareholders at Arrow Pharmaceuticals including a local Khadka family which owns several businesses and land all over Kathmandu. Due to involvement of locals at different levels of the company, the industry is well taken care of in terms of emergency and security. Over 1 arab rupees has been spent on the facility.
Arrow is a new pharmaceutical company as compared to many old ones in the same line but is picking up the market and good-will at a great pace. Partnership with other pharmaceutical companies is also taking place at a high speed. Madan Thapa is the chief executive at the marketing department in Basundhara, Kathmandu with national and international connections. Current products by Arrow in the market are helping build the industrial goodwill.
The factory location in the Chagunarayan Municipality is very appropriate in many ways. Very close to the tourist hot spot Nagarkot, it might be a prospective spot of student exchange program or foreign pharmaceutical visiting tourism area in many ways. Nearby nurseries and rice paddies provide a very peaceful background for the busy workers of this company and the visitors.
in plant training at arrow pharmaceuticals pvt ltd, ChagunarayanNeerajOjha17
Arrow Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd was established over 7 years ago under the leadership of now technical director Mahesh Bhatta, a veteran in the field of pharmacy education at institutions like Kathmandu University, with a worldwide level of experience in the field of pharmaceutics. Currently there are over 57 shareholders at Arrow Pharmaceuticals including a local Khadka family which owns several businesses and land all over Kathmandu. Due to involvement of locals at different levels of the company, the industry is well taken care of in terms of emergency and security. Over 1 arab rupees has been spent on the facility.
Arrow is a new pharmaceutical company as compared to many old ones in the same line but is picking up the market and good-will at a great pace. Partnership with other pharmaceutical companies is also taking place at a high speed. Madan Thapa is the chief executive at the marketing department in Basundhara, Kathmandu with national and international connections. Current products by Arrow in the market are helping build the industrial goodwill.
The factory location in the Chagunarayan Municipality is very appropriate in many ways. Very close to the tourist hot spot Nagarkot, it might be a prospective spot of student exchange program or foreign pharmaceutical visiting tourism area in many ways. Nearby nurseries and rice paddies provide a very peaceful background for the busy workers of this company and the visitors.
This document provides a summary of Neeraj Mandloi's 3-week hands-on training report on food processing and engineering conducted from May 14th to June 3rd, 2022. The training covered various topics related to food processing engineering through online lectures and discussions. In week 1, lectures on entrepreneurship development and extrusion cooking processes were provided. Week 2 covered additional topics like agri-business, innovation and startups, and honey processing. The training aims to provide students practical knowledge and skills related to food processing and entrepreneurship to help develop agri-based startups.
Industrial Training Project on Roseate MedicareMehfuj Ahmad
This industrial training report provides details about Mehfuj Ahamad's internship at Roseate Medicare, a pharmaceutical manufacturing company in Himachal Pradesh, India. The report describes Roseate Medicare's vision of becoming a leading healthcare provider in Northern India. It also outlines the company's manufacturing sections including granulation, blending, compression, and coating. The granulation section utilizes equipment like mass mixers, tray dryers, fluidized bed dryers, and multi-mills to improve tablet characteristics. Overall, the report provides an overview of Roseate Medicare's operations and Mehfuj Ahamad's experience working in the company's manufacturing facility.
Direct Compression is the simplest form of oral dosage production as it contains the fewest process stages, leading to a shorter process cycle and faster production times.
The document provides details about the author's internship at Jubilant Life Sciences. It discusses:
1) The author's responsibilities in controlling machines like pumps, boilers, and compressors to regulate mass flow rates, temperatures, and pressures.
2) A challenging situation where boiler furnace temperature increased drastically due to high coal mass flow, which was solved by shutting down some nozzles.
3) Maintenance tasks performed on equipment like testing and maintaining a heat exchanger, setting up a new refrigeration system, and replacing compressor parts.
Sun Pharmaceuticals was established in 1983 in India and is now one of the largest pharmaceutical companies globally following its 2014 acquisition of Ranbaxy. It operates Sun Pharmaceutical (Bangladesh), which was incorporated in 2001. The presentation discusses Sun Pharma's manufacturing processes in Bangladesh, including tablet production via granulation, compression, and coating. It also covers capsule filling and packaging. Quality assurance and quality control are important to ensure product safety and efficacy. Other departments discussed include warehousing, maintenance, production planning, marketing, and human resources.
Pharma Force Lab. Summer Industrial Training Report By ARUSHArush Shah
This document summarizes Arush's one month industrial training at Pharma Force Lab, a leading manufacturer of finished pharmaceutical dosage forms in India. The summary describes:
1) Pharma Force Lab manufactures oral solid dosage forms like tablets and capsules through processes like wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression.
2) Tablet production involves steps of mixing, granulating, drying, milling, blending, compression, coating, and packaging. Common tablet coating methods are sugar coating, film coating, and enteric coating.
3) Tablets are packaged via methods such as blister packing and strip packing to provide protection and convenient dosing.
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This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
1. I
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
ON
‘PRODUCTION OF TABLETS’
AT LABORATE PHARMACEUTICALS LTD.
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of
Bachelors of pharmacy
Session 2019-2023
Under the supervision of: Submitted by:
Mr. Shambu Nath Jha Ronak Bhambri
(Head Chemist) B Pharmacy
Laborate Pharmaceuticals India LTD. BPH_1925
E-11 Industrial Area, Regn. No: 19-GIPN-27
Panipat-132103
Haryana
Geeta Institute of Pharmacy Naultha, Panipat
(Affiliated to pt. B.D. Sharma University, Rohtak)
2. II
DECLARATION
I _____________________________, hereby declare that work presented in the industrial
training report entitled in INDUSTRIAL TRAINING PERFORMED AT Laborate
Pharmaceuticals Panipat. is an authentic record of work carried out by me during
_______________ to _______________ at Laborate Pharmaceuticals Panipat under the
guidance of Dr. Sunil Jawla (principal of geeta institute of pharmacy). Is being submitted for
partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of bachelor degree in B. pharmacy. This has
not been submitted anywhere else for the award of any other degree/diploma.
________________________________
Signature of head of the department
Mr. Shambu nath Jha
Production chemist
4. IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is a matter of pleasure and happiness to make and submit this industrial training report during
the course of the completion of this industrial work. Many of the persons have offered their
valuable and enormous support. I’m thankful to all my teachers of Geeta institute of pharmacy
Panipat. For their blessings and encouragement. I would like to express my special thanks and
gratitude to Laborate Pharmaceuticals and Mr. Shambu nath jha (production chemist) for
providing all the essential facilities which were required for this training. Finally, I express my
regards to my beloved parents who inspired me throughout my studies and completion of this
training
I am highly grateful to my project guide Dr. Sunil jawla (principal geeta institute of
pharmacy) for their inspiring presence and blessing for going ahead and fulfilling the project
report.
Lastly I thank faculty and staff members of GIP , Panipat which gave me an opportunity
regarding training purpose and helped me in building some experience in my career
Date: _______________________
Place: ________________________
Student name: ________________________
5. V
INDEX
s.no. content Pg.no.
1 Introduction 1
2 Product list 2
3 Tablet formulation process 3
4 Sizing 4
5 Powder blending 5
6 Granulation 6
7 Drying 7
8 Tablet compression 8
9 Tablet coating 9
10 Physical features of compressed tablets 12
11 Packaging 13
12 Evaluation of tablets 16
13 My learning at laborate pharmaceutical 18
14 Conclusion 22
15 Reference 23
6. VI
LIST OF FIGURES
s.no. Content Pg.no.
1 Ultra king tablets 2
2 Augulab 625 tablets 2
3 Tablet formulation process 3
4 Ribbon blender 5
5 Double cone blender 5
6 Types of tablets 12
7 Kind of packaging 14
8 Blister packs 14
9 Bottle packaging 15
10 Ampoules packaging 15
11 Vials packaging 15
12 Sachet packaging 15
LIST OF TABLES
s.no. content Pg.no.
1 Defects in tablet coating 11
2 Physical features of compressed tablets 12
LIST OF FLOW CHARTS
s.no. content Pg.no.
1 Heat transfer modes of dryers 7
7. 1
INTRODUCTION
ABOUT LABORATE PHARMACEUTICALS
Laborate Pharmaceuticals is one of the fastest growing pharmaceutical companies in India.
Over the years, we have been awarded and recognized for our endeavor to manufacture
premium quality products and sell it for economical price. We believe that healthcare is not a
privilege but a right of every citizen. Thus, we are taking giant strides in making good quality
products available in rural as well as urban areas. We manufacture an extensive range of
products. Currently, our range of over 1000 products varies from Generic Pharma Products to
Ayurvedic and Personal Care Products
Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Ever since our inception in 1985, Quality Control and Quality Assurance has been at the core
of our business operations. We understand our duty towards the society for manufacturing only
premium quality products. Therefore, we have set up an independent department for Quality
Control and Assurance. Moreover, our ultra-modern testing facility is equipped with GC, FTIR,
HPLC, UV and other techniques complying with international Pharmacopoeia requirements
Awards
Over the years, our good work has been recognized by several reputed organizations, and they
have bestowed us with important awards. Here’s a list of few of them:
• ‘Emerging India Award’ by ICICI and CNBC, 2008
• ‘Udyog Rattan Award’
• ‘Excellence Award’ by Institute of Economic Studies (IES), 2008
State of the art Infrastructure
Our 3 world class manufacturing facilities are approved by WHO GMP and FDA of 35 other
countries, and are made as per the guidelines of US-FDA and UK-MHRA. Our multipurpose
plants can manufacture sterile and nonsterile products. We also have exclusive dedicated
blocks for β-lactam and non β-Lactam antibiotics.
Take a look at our daily production capacity:
•Liquid Injections: 200,000 vials and 300,000 ampoules
•Ophthalmic: 300,000
•Dry Injections: 300,000
•Topical Preparations: 200,000 tubes
•Tablets: 15 Million units
•Capsules: 2 Million units
•Dry Syrup: 100,000 Bottles
9. 3
CHAPTER-1
TABLET FORMULATION PROCESS
The manufacture of oral solid dosage forms such as tablets is a complex multi-stage process
under which the starting materials change their physical characteristics a number of times
before the final dosage form is produced.
Traditionally, tablets have been made by granulation, a process that imparts two primary
requisites to formulate: compatibility and fluidity. Both wet granulation and dry granulation
(slugging and roll compaction) are used. Regardless of whether tablets are made by direct
compression or granulation, the first step, milling and mixing, is the same; subsequent steps
differ.
Numerous unit processes are involved in making tablets, including particle size reduction and
sizing, blending, granulation, drying, compaction, and (frequently) coating. Various factors
associated with these processes can seriously affect content uniformity, bioavailability, or
stability.
Tableting is a method of pressing medicine or candy into tablets. Confectionery manufacture
shares many similarities with pharmaceutical production.
A powder or granule mixture is prepared, a dye mold is filled, and then the mixture is
compressed and ejected. While drug tablets are constrained to shapes and sizes that can be
swallowed easily, candy tablets are designed to be chewable and can take a wider variety of
shapes and sizes.
FIG. NO. 03
TABLET FORMULATION PROCESS
10. 4
CHAPTER-2
SIZING
Sizing (size reduction, milling, crushing, grinding, pulverization) is an important step in the
process of tablet manufacturing.
In manufacturing of compressed tablets, the mixing or blending of several solid pharmaceutical
ingredients is easier and more uniform if the ingredients are about the same size. This provides
a greater uniformity of dose. A fine particle size is essential in the case of lubricant mixing
with granules for its proper function.
Advantages of smaller tablets are as follows:
Increased surface area, which may enhance an active ingredient's dissolution rate and hence
bioavailability
Improved tablet-to-tablet content uniformity due to a larger number of particles per unit
weight
Controlled particle size distribution of dry granulation or mix to promote better flow of
mixture in tablet machine
Improved flow properties of raw materials
Improved color and/or active ingredient dispersion in tablet excipients
Uniformly sized wet granulation to promote uniform drying
The following problems may arise if the process is not controlled properly:
A possible change in polymorphic form of the active ingredient, rendering it less or totally
inactive, or unstable
A decrease in bulk density of active compound and/or excipients, which may cause flow
problem and segregation in the mix
An increase in surface area from size reduction may promote the adsorption of air, which
may inhibit wettability of the drug to the extent that it becomes the limiting factor in
dissolution rate
Various types of machine may be used for the dry sizing or milling process, depending on
whether gentle screening or particle milling is needed. The range of equipment employed for
this process includes:
Fluid energy mill
Colloidal mill
Ball mill
Hammer mill
Cutting mill
Roller mill
Conical mill
11. 5
CHAPTER-3
POWDER BLENDING
The successful mixing of powder is more difficult than mixing liquid, as perfect homogeneity
is difficult to achieve. Another problem is the inherent cohesiveness and resistance to
movement between the individual particles. The process is further complicated in many
systems by the presence of substantial segregation influencing the powder mix. This arises
from the difference in size, shape, and density of the component particles. The powder/granules
may be blended at the pre-granulation and/or post-granulation stage of tablet manufacturing.
Each process of mixing has an optimum mixing time, and longer mixing may result in an
undesired product. The optimum mixing time and speed must be evaluated. Blending prior to
compression is normally achieved in a simple tumble blender. This be a fixed blender into
which the powders are charged, blended and discharged. It is now common to use a bin blender
from which the container (bin) can be removed and brought directly to other processing
steps.[1]
In special cases of mixing a lubricant, overmixing should be particularly monitored.
The various blenders used include the "V" blender, oblicone blender, container blender,
tumbling blender, and agitated powder blender.
Nowadays, to optimize the manufacturing process, particularly in wet granulation, various
improved pieces of equipment which combines several processing steps (mixing, granulation
and/or drying) are used. These are the mixer granulator and high shear mixing machine.
FIG.NO. 04 FIG.NO. 05
Stainless Steel Industrial Ribbon Blender Double Cone Blender
Mixer, Capacity: 100-200 Kg Per Hours
12. 6
CHAPTER-4
Granulation
The granulation process is "any process whereby small particles are gathered into larger,
permanent masses in which the original particles can still be identified." This definition is of
course particularly appropriate to a pharmaceutical granulation where the rapid breakdown of
agglomerates is important to maximize the available surface area and aid in solution of the
active drug. The granulation process of size enlargement used within the pharmaceutical
industry has its roots in ancient times. The practice of delivering medicinal powder by hand
rolling into a pill by using honey or sugar has been used for centuries.
It is still the practice to deliver the botanical and herbal extract in homoeopathic and Ayurveda
branches of medicine, which are still practiced in India along with allopathic medicine. The
term "granulated" material is derived from the Latin word”," meaning grained. The granular
material can be obtained by direct size enlargement of primary particles, or size reduction from
dry compacted material in modern times, granulation technology has been widely used by a
wide range of industries, such as coal mining, and agrochemical These industries employ
agglomeration techniques to reduce dust, provide a case of handling, and enhance the material's
ultimate utility.
The development of pharmaceutical granulation was driven by the invention of the tablet press
by W. Brockedon in 1843. Subsequent improvements in the tablet machinery were patented in
the United States by J. A. Mc. Ferran (1874), T. J. Young 1874), and J. Dunton (1876). The
demands on the granulation properties were further enhanced in the 1970s as high-speed tablet
and capsule filling machines with automated controls were introduced. The continuous
refinements in the regulatory requirements such as low-dose products requiring blend
uniformity/content uniformity necessitated knowledge and technology to produce the required
granule characteristics.
The high-speed compression and capsule filling machines require a uniform flow of material
to the dies or filling stations that produce pharmaceutical dosage form.
Granulation is an example of particle design. The desired attributes of the granule are controlled
by a combination of the formulation and the process.
Granulation methods can be divided into two major types: wet methods which utilize some
form of liquid to bind the primary particles, and dry methods which do not utilize any liquid
1-Receive the raw material as BMR from Raw material store
2-Shiting of raw material (API & EPI) in sifter
13. 7
CHAPTER-5
DRYING
Drying is an important step in the formulation and development of a pharmaceutical product.
It is important to keep the residual moisture low enough to prevent product deterioration and
ensure free flowing properties. The commonly used dryers include the fluidized-bed dryer,
vacuum tray dryer, microwave dryer, spray dryer, freeze dryer, turbo-tray dryer, and pan dryer.
Drying is the process of removing the presence of solvents (i.e. water or other liquids) in a
formulation with the presence of heat. The final product of this unit operation is a dry solid
mass or powders. This process is widely used in the pharmaceutical field, from research and
development phase until large-scale manufacture.
It is important to have a good understanding of this process’ impact on the quality attributes of
the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in order to guarantee it will not have any adverse
impact on the drug’s safety and efficiency, thus, providing high quality final products.
All drying processes of relevance to pharmaceutical manufacturing involve evaporation or
sublimation of the liquid phase and the removal of the subsequent vapor.
Drying of Wet Solids: Convective Drying of Wet Solids: This method utilizes dynamic
convective dryers (e.g., Fluidized-bed dryer) to obtain good contact between the warm drying
air and wet particles in the fluidized-bed dryer.
The fluidized-bed dryer was developed for the process of fluidization to improve the efficiency
of heat transfer and vapor removal, as compared with the older static tray dryers. This fluidized-
bed dryer also allows the efficient transfer of the latent heat of evaporation from the air and
into the drying solid.
Advantages of fluidized-bed drying:
o Shortens drying time via the efficient heat and mass transfer, allowing high product
output with small footprint.
o Minimizes heat challenge to thermolabile materials
o The turbulence in a fluidized bed causes some gnaws the surface of the granule, thus,
producing a more spherical free-flowing product.
FLOWCHART NO. 01
HEAT TRANSFER MODES OF DRYERS
14. 8
CHAPTER-6
TABLET COMPRESSION
Tablet press
After the preparation of granules (in wet granulation) or sized slugs (in dry granulation) or
mixing of ingredients (in direct compression), they are compressed to get the final product. The
compression is done either by a single-punch machine (stamping press) or by a multi-station
machine (rotary press). The tablet press is a high-speed mechanical device. It squeezes the
ingredients into the required tablet shape with extreme precision. It can make the tablet in many
shapes, although they are usually round or oval. Also, it can press the name of the manufacturer
or the product into the top of the tablet.
Stage 1: Top punch is withdrawn from the die by the upper cam. Bottom punch is low in the
die so powder falls in through the hole and fills the die.
Stage 2: Bottom punch moves up to adjust the powder weight. It raises and expels some
powder.
Stage 3: Top punch is driven into the die by upper cam. Bottom punch is raised by lower cam.
Both punch heads pass between heavy rollers to compress the powder.
Stage 4: Top punch is withdrawn by the upper cam. Lower punch is pushed up and expels the
tablet, which is removed from the die surface by surface plate.
Stage 5: Return to stage 1.
Tablet testing
The physical properties of a tablet are tested either by manual or automated sampling and IPC
testing (in-process control). Tablet "hardness", also called "breaking force", is tested to assure
that the tablet's strength will survive all further processes, such as dedusting, coating and
packaging. The hardness value of a tablet gives an early indication of the tablet's disintegration
time. Further measured parameters are weight, thickness, diameter, disintegration time,
friability, and abrasion.
Friability and abrasion testing is performed in rotating testing drums, designed according to
the pharmacopeia. The measured parameter is weight loss before and after testing and tumbling
the tablets at a particular time and speed. In the friability test drum tablets are being carried up
by a "shovel" and dropped. Tablets are also not allowed to fall apart during the test. In the
abrasion test, drum tablets are not falling/dropping, but rolling on the ground of the test drum
and losing weight due to the friction between tablets.
Tablet deduster
In almost all cases, tablets coming out of a tablet machine have excess powder on their surface
which is removed by passing them through a tablet deduster.
Fette machine
The Fette machine chills the compression components to allow the compression of low-melting
point substances such as waxes, thereby making it possible to compress products with low
melting points.
15. 9
CHAPTER-7
TABLET COATING
Tablet coating is the process where coating material is applied to the surface of the tablet to
achieve the desired properties of dosage form over the uncoated variety. The advantages of
coating are listed below.
•Improving taste, odor, and color of the drug
•Improving ease of swallowing by the patient
•Improving product stability
•To protect against the gastric environment
•To improve mechanical resistance of the dosage form
•Modifying release properties
There are three main processes for tablet coating: sugar coating, film coating, and enteric
coating. Various classes of pharmaceutical coating materials used in tablet coating depending
on the phase of coating are reached. Coating materials can be categorized as follows:
•Binders (acacia, gelatin, cellulose derivatives)
•Fillers (calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, talc)
•Colorants (dyes, iron oxides, titanium dioxide)
•Antiadhesives (talc)
Sugar coating
Unlike film coating, sugar coating is a more laborious multistep process, leading to final tablet
weight increases of up to 30%–50%, significantly increasing tablet size. The process of sugar
coating involves various steps, i.e., sealing, subcoating, smoothing, coloring, and polishing.
Sealing
A seal coat is applied over the tablet core to protect against water penetration into the tablet
from the sucrose coatings to follow. Hence, it offers good stability of product and can also
strengthen the tablet core. Sealing coat consists of Shellac, cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP),
polyvinylacetate phthalate (PVAP), hyroxylpropyl cellulose, hyroxypropyl methylcellulose
(HPMC), and Zein (a corn protein derivative). Shellac was previously used as a sealant.
However, this has largely been replaced by zein CAP and PVAP due to polymerization
problems. The amount of sealing coat material depends on tablet porosity and batch size; hence,
optimizing the quantity of sealing coating applied is very important to ensure tablet cores are
sealed effectively.
Subcoating
Subcoating is performed to round the tablets edges. In this process, there is a significant
increase in tablet weight. Generally, lamination process and suspension process methods are
used for subcoating. In lamination process, the subcoat mixture consists of sucrose and binder
solution such as acacia or gelatin, which is applied over the tablet surface followed by powder
containing materials such as calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, calcium sulfate, and talc.
Finally, drying air is applied in order to evaporate the water. During the suspension process, a
suspension of fillers in gum solution is applied. After that, sucrose solution is applied followed
by drying. Suspension process is suitable for automatic methods.
Smoothing
Smoothing process is applied in order to smooth out subcoated rough surfaces and to increase
tablet bulk to desired size. Smoothing syrup generally consists of 60%–70% sugar solid. In
some cases, however, syrup also comprises acacia, gelatin, pigments, starch, or opacifier.
16. 10
Smoothing is performed many times (about 10 cycles), until tablets are suitable for the next
(coloring) phase.
Coloring
Coloring phase is a significant step in sugar-coating process, which gives the tablet improved
appearance and stability. Sugar-coating solution consists of 70% syrup and other coloring
pigments. Previously water-soluble dyes (coloring agents) were mainly used as for sugar-
coated tablets. However, water-soluble dyes are generally associated with color migration
problems, and dyes usually transfer to the surface of the tablets during drying. Hence, the use
of water-insoluble pigment (lakes) has now replaced the dyes, which provides even tablet color
and maintains batch-to-batch color uniformity.
Polishing
Generally sugar-coated tablets are dull in appearance; polishing gives the characteristic surface
shine and tablet elegance. Polishing is performed in polishing pan using the beeswax, carnauba
wax, and candelila wax mixture.
Film coating
Film coating is single-stage coating process and needs a relatively short time and so is favored
over sugar coating. Film coating is the deposition of a thin film of polymer (between 20 and
100 μm) applied mainly to tablets; in addition, film coating can also be applied to hard and soft
gelatin capsules and multiparticulate system. Film-coating formula generally consists of
polymers, plasticizer, colorants/opacifiers, solvents, etc. Table 5 depicts commonly used film-
and enteric-coating materials.
18. 12
CHAPTER-8
Physical features of compressed tablets
Compressed tablets can be round, oblong, or unique in shape; thick or thin; large or small in
diameter; flat or convex; unscored or scored in halves, thirds, or quadrants; engraved or
imprinted with an identifying symbol and/or code number; coated or uncoated; colored or
uncolored; one, two, or three layered.
Tablet diameters and shapes are determined by the dies and punches used in compression. The
less concave the punches, the flatter the tablets; conversely, the more concave the punches, the
more convex the resulting tablets. Punches with raised impressions produce recessed
impressions on the tablets; punches with recessed etchings produce tablets with raised
impressions or monograms. Logos may be placed on one or on both sides of a tablet, depending
on the punches.
TABLE NO. 02
PHYSICAL FEATURES OF COMPRESSED TABLETS
FIG.NO. 06
TYPES OF TABLET
19. 13
CHAPTER-9
PACKAGING
Tablets must be packaged before they can be sent out for distribution. The type of packaging
depends on the formulation of the medicine.
Blister packs are a common form of packaging. They are safe and easy to use, and the user can
see the contents without opening the pack. Many pharmaceutical companies use a standard size
of blister pack. This saves the cost of different tools and changing the production machinery
between products. Sometimes the pack may be perforated so that individual tablets can be
detached. This means that the expiry date and the drug's name must be printed on each part of
the package. The blister pack itself must remain absolutely flat as it travels through the
packaging processes, especially when it is inserted into a carton. Extra ribs are added to the
blister pack to improve its stiffness.
Pharmaceutical packaging plays a number of important roles when shipping sensitive and
tightly regulated products. Not only must it protect the contents from physical damage, but
should ensure zero alteration is made to the chemical composition. Which is often achieved
through primary, secondary and tertiary packaging. With a wide range of pharmaceutical
products available on the market, both standard and bespoke packaging can be manufactured
to meet product demands. From temperature controlled solutions, to tamper evident tape and
customs labelling, even the most delicate medicines can be shipped safely.
Here, we explore types of pharmaceutical packaging and the benefits they have for your
products.
Primary, secondary and tertiary packaging
When breaking down the types of pharmaceutical packaging available, this can be done
through primary, secondary and tertiary packaging. We can then dive into these types further
and explore the products used within.
Primary pharmaceutical packaging: Whether it be a drug, medicine, or other formulation,
primary pharmaceutical packaging is used in direct contact with the product to protect its
chemical composition.
Let’s take a look at some examples:
Vials – A glass or plastic container used to contain liquid, solid or a powder dosage form.
Ampoules – Similar to vials, ampoules are smaller glass containers (sometimes plastic)
used for packaging liquids.
Blister packaging – A thermoformed plastic with cavities for tablets or capsules, sealed on
the open side with plastic or aluminum foil.
Strip package – Formed around the tablet or capsule, each content is protected individually
for an increased shelf life. An alternative form of blister packaging.
The type of primary packaging used all depends on the form and chemical composition of your
product. Capsules and tablets are often secured in blister and strip packages, while liquids are
usually placed in vials or ampoules.
Secondary pharmaceutical packaging: The main purpose of secondary packaging is for
brand awareness as well the display and handling of products. As an example, secondary
packaging would be the branded boxes used to display products in supermarkets.
20. 14
Secondary packaging also plays a vital role in the distribution and protection of
pharmaceuticals. Think of it in this way, secondary packaging is used to protect the primary
packaging, which is protecting the product. A glass vial wouldn’t last long if packed directly
into a shipping case would it?
Secondary packaging is typically found in the form of bespoke cartons. Not only are they easily
customizable, helping with brand awareness, but offer good protection and can be recyclable
too.
The benefits of secondary packaging
When tackled properly, secondary pharmaceutical packaging can have major benefits on your
business, these include:
Building your brand
Increasing sales
Simplifying your shipping process
Reducing damaged
Tertiary pharmaceutical packaging: Tertiary packaging comes into play with the need for
transportation. It’s designed to absorb any physical impacts, as well as any moisture and dust
problems along the way.
Put simply, tertiary solutions are used to protect both the product and packaging that sits
beneath it during transportation. This may include:
• Cardboard boxes
• Shrink film
• Stretch wrap
• Wooden and plastic pallets
The benefits of tertiary packaging
An optimized tertiary packaging solution should look to combine products as tightly and
compact as possible, while using minimal materials and without causing strain or damage to
products. This helps to:
• Increase pallet stability
• Decrease CO2 emissions
• Lower transport costs
• Save on material waste
• Protect the product
FIG. NO. 07
KIND OF PACKAGING
FIG.NO. 08 Blister Packs:
22. 16
CHAPTER-10
Evaluation of Tablet:
General Appearance: The general appearance of a tablet, its identity and general
elegance is essential for consumer acceptance, for control of Lot-tolot uniformity and
tablet-to-tablet uniformity. The control of general appearance involves the
measurement of size, shape, colour, presence or absence of odour, taste etc.
Size & Shape: It can be dimensionally described & controlled. The thickness of a
tablet is only variable. Tablet thickness can be measured by micrometre or by other
device. Tablet thickness should be controlled within a±5% variation of standard
Unique identification marking: These marking utilise some form of embossing,
engraving or printing. These markings inchide company name or symbol, product
code, product name etc.
Organoleptic properties: Colour distribution must be uniform with no mottling. For
visual colour comparison compare the colour of sample against standard colour.
Hardness and Friability: Tablet requires a certain amount of strength or hardness
and resistance to friability to withstand mechanical shakes of handling in
manufacture, packaging and shipping
Friability: Friability of a tablet can be determined in the laboratory by Roche . This
consists of a plastic chamber that revolves at 25 rpm, dropping the tablets through a
Distance of six inches in the , which then operates for 100 revolutions. The tablets are
reweighed. Compressed tablets that lose less than 0.5 to 1.0% of the Tablet weight
are considered acceptable.
Drug Content and Release:
Weight Variation test: Take 20 tablets and weigh them individually. Calculate average
weight and compare the individual tablet weight to the average. The tablet passed the
U.S.P. test if no more than 2 tablets are outside the percentage limit and if no tablet
differs by more than 2 times the percentage
Content Uniformity Test: Randomly select 30 tablets. 10 of these were assayed
individually. The Tablet passes the test if 9 of the 10 tablets must contain not less than
85% of the labelled drug content and the 10th tablet may not contain less than 75% and
more than 125% of the labelled content. If these conditions are not met, remaining 20
tablets assayed individually and none may fall outside of the 85 to 115% range.
Disintegration Test: The U.S.P. The device to test disintegration uses 6 glass tubes
that are 3" long open at the top and 10 mesh screens at the bottom end. To test for
disintegration time, one tablet is placed in each tube and the basket rack is positioned
in a 1-L beaker of water, simulated gastric fluid or simulated intestinal fluid at 37+2 "C
such that the tablet remains 2.5 cm below the surface of liquid on their upward
movement and not closer than 2.5 cm from the bottom of the beaker in their downward
movement. Move the basket containing the tablets up and down through a. According
to the test the tablet must disintegrate and all particles must pass through the 10 mesh
screen in the time specified. If any residue remains. It must have a soft mass. distance
of 5-6 cm at a frequency of 28 to 32 eyelets per minute. Floating of the tablets can be
prevented by placing perforated plastic dishes on each tablet. Disintegration time:
Uncoated tablet: 5-30 minutes Coated tablet: 1-2 hours
23. 17
Dissolution Test:
Two set of apparatus:
o Apparatus-1: A single tablet is placed in a small wire mesh basket attached to the bottom
of the shaft connected to a variable speed motor. The basket is immersed in a dissolution
medium (as specified in the monograph) contained in a 100 ml flask. The flask is cylindrical
with a hemispherical bottom. The flask is maintained at 37-0.5°C by a constant temperature
bath The motor is adjusted to turn at the specified speed and samples of the fluid are
withdrawn at intervals to determine the amount of drug in solution.
o Apparatus-2: It is the same as apparatus-1, except the basket is replaced by a paddle. The
dosage form is allowed to sink to the bottom of the flask before stirring. For dissolution
test U.S.P. specifies. the dissolution test medium and volume, type of apparatus to be used,
rpm of the shaft, time limit of the test and assay procedure for. The test tolerance is
expressed as a % of the labelled amount of drug dissolved in the time limit.
24. 18
MY LEARNING AT LABORATE PHARMACEUTICALS
The overall objective of industrial training is to involve student in practical studies which are
ongoing process prevailing in pharmaceutical industry. I had gone through my industrial
training at laborate pharmaceuticals, Panipat. There I was employed at tablet production
department as a trainee where particularly production of different tablets taking place I
performed my industrial training in the following procedure
At very first day my industrial training, I observed that how raw material are kept and stored
I learned how each raw material that I used for formulating our dosage form must undergo
various quality checks.
At next day of my training, we received our quality report of our raw material that taught
me how a drug is assayed before manufacturing to get assure about quality and maintaining
the standards.
At day three I carried out weighing of chemicals for the manufacturing and then we started
the procedure of manufacturing of havax fort tablet whose batch no. was 22hx07(b) having
batch size of 5 lack tablets. All raw materials was dispensed according to batch formula.
Next day sizing or grinding of all raw materials was carried out to ensures the uniformity
size of the excipient and active pharmaceutical drugs using fluid energy mill.
Then it is transferred to ‘v’ cone blender for successful mixing of excipients with APIs.
Havax fort tableting is carried out by dry granulation using a roll compaction machine by
compacting primary particles into larger granules and formation of slug takes place.
Then proper residual moisture level is maintained using fluidized-bed dryer.
Next I preformed tableting process by using multi-station machine. It squeezed the
ingredients into the required tablet shape with extreme precision
It is a continuous process until the required quantity of tablets are produced. I also
preformed quality assurance parameter to check the physical parameter of the tablets which
are record in the following pages
Then after the production quality control department carried out various quality parameter
and issues the report of the quality levels
Then after the report sugar coating of tablet is carried out in pan coating machine.
After that dried tablets are processed for packaging mostly blister packs are used for
packing materials and the required information are also printed on it.
Than our worthy chemist sir has taught us how sample was to be checked and finally the
product left for storage area.
At last I want to tell you that learned that industrial training has provide me a great
knowledge and how many effort and knowledge are to be used to prepare a good and a
safer pharmaceutical product.
28. 22
CONCLUSION
Through this Industrial Training I gained lots of knowledge about the Pharmaceutical Industry
and its inevitable role in society.
This one month helps me to understand the provisions to manufacture the sterile solid dosage
preparations, like tablets and its analysis and all about the production to a certain extent within
this short period.
Also helps me to understand the GMP requirements that should be complied by the
pharmaceutical Industry and its significance for the maintenance of quality of the formulations.
These 31 days gave me lots of field work experiences in the Industry.
29. 23
Reference
● Mehta R.M. Pharmaceutics 2nd edition Vallabh Prakashan, Page no:-246252
● Lachman, L., Lieberman, H. A., and Kanig. J. L. (1986). The Theory
and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.
● Allen L. V and Ansel H. C. (2014). Ansel's Pharmaceutical
Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems. Philadelphia: Lipincott Williams
and Wilkins.
● Dash, A. (2014). Solid Dosage Forms. In A. Dash, S. Singh and J.
Tolman (Eds). Pharmaceutics: Basic Principles and Application to Pharmacy.
(pp.161-180), USA: Elsevier Inc.
● Gendre C., Genty M., César da Silva J., Tfayli A., Boiret M., Lecoq O.,
Baron M., Chaminade P., Péan J-M., Comprehensive study of dynamic curing
effect on tablet coating structure, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 81 (2012), 657-665
● ugar Confectionery Manufacture (1999) by E. B. Jackson, chapter 11.
● Hans-Jürgen Bässler und Frank Lehmann : Containment Technology:
Progress in the Pharmaceutical and Food Processing Industry. Springer, Berlin
2013, ISBN 978-3642392917