This document summarizes biosafety guidelines for working with biological materials in a laboratory setting. It describes the various hazards associated with bio research, including hazards from pathogens and laboratory procedures. It provides classifications for pathogens based on their risk level. It also outlines containment procedures like good microbiological techniques, personal protective equipment, and different biosafety levels that should be followed to minimize risk of exposure, depending on the pathogen risk group. The goal is to protect researchers and prevent the spread of infections.
According to the Centre Of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Biosafety is the application of safety precautions that reduce a laboratorian’s risk of exposure to a potentially infectious material and limit contamination of the work environment and ultimately the community.
There are four biosafety levels that provide increasing levels of containment for biological agents. Biosafety level 1 is for work with well-characterized agents that do not cause disease in healthy adults. It requires standard microbiological practices and personal protective equipment like lab coats and gloves. Biosafety level 2 involves agents that pose moderate hazards and requires all BSL-1 practices plus additional containment like restricted access and use of biosafety cabinets. Biosafety level 3 is for serious and potentially lethal agents and requires BSL-2 practices plus additional containment like controlled access, required personal protective equipment, and specialized facility design with airflow controls and separate rooms. Biosafety level 4 is the highest level and involves dangerous and exotic agents
1. The document discusses biosafety in biomedical research and the risks associated with pathogens escaping from laboratories. It notes several historical examples of laboratory acquired infections (LAIs) that have caused illness or death outside of labs.
2. Determining the appropriate biosafety level involves assessing the risk group of the pathogen, transmission routes, available treatments, and the types of procedures being conducted. Higher biosafety levels have more stringent laboratory practices, facilities, and personal protective equipment to prevent exposure and containment breaches.
3. Effective biosafety is founded on risk assessment and informed understanding of containment through practices like proper use of biosafety cabinets, personal protective equipment, and facility design. Compliance with biosaf
The document discusses recommended biosafety levels for infectious agents and infected animals. It provides details on four biosafety levels (BSL), from BSL-1 which is for agents not known to consistently cause disease, to BSL-4 which is for dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease. Each BSL level outlines the types of agents, laboratory practices, safety equipment as primary barriers, and facility requirements as secondary barriers needed to contain the infectious agents.
This document discusses biosafety in microbiology laboratories. It describes the different biosafety levels from 1 to 4, with level 1 requiring the fewest precautions for agents that do not consistently cause disease, and level 4 requiring the strictest methods for dealing with highly dangerous agents. For each level, it outlines the standard practices, personal protective equipment, facility requirements and examples of agents worked with at that level. Biosafety levels help ensure the safe handling of pathogens to protect laboratory workers from acquiring infections.
The document discusses biosafety guidelines for microbiology laboratories. It describes the different biosafety levels from 1 to 4, with level 1 having the fewest precautions for the least dangerous agents, and level 4 having the strictest methods for working with highly dangerous agents. The key precautions at each level include engineering controls, personal protective equipment, facility design, and standard practices to prevent exposure to infectious agents. Adhering to biosafety levels and guidelines is important to protect laboratory workers from acquiring infections.
According to the Centre Of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Biosafety is the application of safety precautions that reduce a laboratorian’s risk of exposure to a potentially infectious material and limit contamination of the work environment and ultimately the community.
There are four biosafety levels that provide increasing levels of containment for biological agents. Biosafety level 1 is for work with well-characterized agents that do not cause disease in healthy adults. It requires standard microbiological practices and personal protective equipment like lab coats and gloves. Biosafety level 2 involves agents that pose moderate hazards and requires all BSL-1 practices plus additional containment like restricted access and use of biosafety cabinets. Biosafety level 3 is for serious and potentially lethal agents and requires BSL-2 practices plus additional containment like controlled access, required personal protective equipment, and specialized facility design with airflow controls and separate rooms. Biosafety level 4 is the highest level and involves dangerous and exotic agents
1. The document discusses biosafety in biomedical research and the risks associated with pathogens escaping from laboratories. It notes several historical examples of laboratory acquired infections (LAIs) that have caused illness or death outside of labs.
2. Determining the appropriate biosafety level involves assessing the risk group of the pathogen, transmission routes, available treatments, and the types of procedures being conducted. Higher biosafety levels have more stringent laboratory practices, facilities, and personal protective equipment to prevent exposure and containment breaches.
3. Effective biosafety is founded on risk assessment and informed understanding of containment through practices like proper use of biosafety cabinets, personal protective equipment, and facility design. Compliance with biosaf
The document discusses recommended biosafety levels for infectious agents and infected animals. It provides details on four biosafety levels (BSL), from BSL-1 which is for agents not known to consistently cause disease, to BSL-4 which is for dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections and life-threatening disease. Each BSL level outlines the types of agents, laboratory practices, safety equipment as primary barriers, and facility requirements as secondary barriers needed to contain the infectious agents.
This document discusses biosafety in microbiology laboratories. It describes the different biosafety levels from 1 to 4, with level 1 requiring the fewest precautions for agents that do not consistently cause disease, and level 4 requiring the strictest methods for dealing with highly dangerous agents. For each level, it outlines the standard practices, personal protective equipment, facility requirements and examples of agents worked with at that level. Biosafety levels help ensure the safe handling of pathogens to protect laboratory workers from acquiring infections.
The document discusses biosafety guidelines for microbiology laboratories. It describes the different biosafety levels from 1 to 4, with level 1 having the fewest precautions for the least dangerous agents, and level 4 having the strictest methods for working with highly dangerous agents. The key precautions at each level include engineering controls, personal protective equipment, facility design, and standard practices to prevent exposure to infectious agents. Adhering to biosafety levels and guidelines is important to protect laboratory workers from acquiring infections.
The document discusses biosafety concepts and practices. It begins by defining biosafety as safety from exposure to infectious agents. It then discusses biosafety issues in various disciplines like agriculture, medicine, and chemistry. The rest of the document outlines biosafety concepts, levels, and practices based on guidance from the Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) including standard microbiological practices, safety equipment, and facility design requirements for different biosafety levels from BSL-1 to BSL-4. It also discusses risk assessment and containment practices for working with various biological hazards.
This document outlines regulations for safety in biological plants regarding biohazards and biosecurity. It defines key terms like biohazard, biosecurity, and biosafety. It discusses safety basics in biological plants including biosafety in the lab and personal biosafety. It covers national regulations in India for biological safety as well as international regulations. Guidelines are provided for risk assessment, pathogen assessment, biosafety levels, good manufacturing practices, and the roles of various containment barriers.
This document provides an introduction to biosafety. It defines biosafety as safety from exposure to infectious agents according to the CDC. It then discusses the history of biosafety, including the first biosafety conference in 1955 and the establishment of biosafety levels 1 through 4 by the CDC. The document outlines the need for biosafety in laboratories working with infectious agents and describes the scope of biosafety across fields like medicine, agriculture and exobiology. It also covers biosafety issues in academic research, regulations, signage, hazardous materials, and provides details on the four biosafety levels based on pathogen risk.
This document discusses biosafety levels and containment practices for handling biohazardous agents in laboratories. It describes three biosafety levels (BSL1-3) with increasing safety requirements according to the hazard level of the agents. BSL1 requires standard microbiological practices. BSL2 requires controlled access, biological safety cabinets for aerosol-generating procedures, personal protective equipment, and waste decontamination. BSL3 involves handling agents of high risk and requires additional containment such as physical separation of the laboratory, controlled access, required personal protective equipment, decontamination of all waste and vacuum lines, and use of biological safety cabinets for all procedures involving biohazardous materials.
The WHO is revising the Laboratory Biosafety Manual to incorporate recent developments in biosafety practices and technologies over the past 13 years. The revision will feature a risk-based approach and emphasize good microbiological practices and procedures. It will include a core document along with additional monographs providing more detailed guidance on topics like risk assessment, laboratory design, and biosafety program management.
This document discusses biosafety guidelines for working with biological agents in a laboratory setting. It outlines different levels of containment (BL1-BL4) required for microorganisms based on their hazard potential, from basic practices for BL1 up to maximum containment measures like positive pressure suits for BL4. Standard practices like hand washing, prohibiting eating or smoking, and proper disposal of sharps and waste are reviewed. Regulations on bloodborne pathogens and shipping infectious substances are also mentioned.
The document defines biosafety levels and containment controls for working with biological agents. There are four biosafety levels that provide increasing containment based on the risk group of the agent. BSL-1 is for low risk agents and allows open bench work, while BSL-4 is for dangerous exotic agents and requires the highest level of containment like positive pressure suits. Each level has specific laboratory practices, safety equipment, and facility requirements to safely contain biological agents and protect laboratory workers from exposure.
This document discusses biosafety levels and guidelines for working with infectious agents in microbiology laboratories. It begins by explaining the importance of biosafety and outlining prohibited activities. It then describes the four biosafety levels from 1 to 4, with level 1 requiring the fewest precautions for non-dangerous agents, and level 4 requiring the strictest methods for dangerous agents. Each biosafety level is explained in terms of the types of infectious agents handled, standard practices, protective equipment and barriers required to handle those agents safely.
This document provides guidelines for safety in microbiological laboratories. It outlines various means through which laboratory infections can occur, such as through aerosols, contaminated surfaces, and accidents involving needles or broken glass. It recommends personal protective equipment, biological safety cabinets, proper ventilation, and restricted access for high-risk areas. The responsibilities of the safety officer and importance of training personnel are discussed. Procedures for proper hygiene, disposal of contaminated materials, and different containment levels are also outlined.
Biosafety level 4 requires the highest level of containment precautions and is required for work with dangerous and exotic agents that can cause severe or fatal disease for which there are no vaccines or treatments. Strict protocols must be followed, including requiring two people to work at all times, full protective clothing and respiratory equipment, and decontamination of all materials. The laboratory facilities for biosafety level 4 include primary containment like class III cabinets and sealed suit laboratories, emergency power, controlled access and air systems, and sterilization of all waste before disposal.
deals with biosafety in medical labs. universal safety precautions included. Includes updated 8 categories and colour coding for BMW management. Being a budding microbiologist, kept it focused on microbiology lab
The document discusses the history and development of biosafety levels for handling biological agents. It notes that the first biosafety cabinet was created in 1943 and that the CDC began specifying biosafety levels in 1964, establishing levels 1 through 4. It provides details on the standard practices, safety equipment, and facilities required for biosafety levels 1 through 4, with level 1 requiring the fewest containment procedures and level 4 the most stringent for dangerous infectious agents.
Module 3 biosafety principles & microbiologycal risk group 21 1-18EhealthMoHS
This document discusses biosafety principles and the classification of microorganisms by risk group. It describes the different biosafety levels from 1 to 4, which provide increasing levels of protection based on combinations of laboratory practices, safety equipment, and facility requirements. The biosafety levels are designed to safely work with biological agents according to their hazards. It also discusses the World Health Organization's classification of microorganisms into four risk groups based on their risk of disease and transmission. The appropriate biosafety level is selected by matching the containment measures to the risk group of the agent being handled.
Laboratory biosafety and biosecurity issues related to Brucella research and ...ILRI
Presented by Joseph P. Kozlovac at a workshop on an integrated approach to controlling brucellosis in Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 29-31 January 2013.
The document provides an introduction to biosafety. It discusses biological hazards risk assessment and the factors considered in risk assessment such as agent hazards, laboratory procedure hazards, and the capability of laboratory staff. It also describes the classification of infectious microorganisms into four risk groups based on their hazardous characteristics and routes of transmission. Various biosafety levels from 1 to 4 are established depending on the risk factors involved. Primary and secondary containment barriers as well as safety equipment used at different biosafety levels are explained.
Biosafety levels range from 1 to 4 based on the hazards posed by infectious agents, with level 1 posing minimal risk and level 4 the highest. Biosafety level 1 involves standard precautions for microbes not known to cause disease in healthy adults. Level 2 requires restricted access and personal protective equipment for work with moderate hazards. Level 3 involves serious diseases transmitted through respiratory routes and requires medical surveillance, immunizations, respirators and controlled lab access. Biosafety level 4 is the highest level involving dangerous exotic microbes and requires change of clothes, showering and separate containment facilities. Adherence to biosafety guidelines and regulations helps reduce laboratory risks.
This document discusses biosafety levels and biosafety cabinets. It describes the four biosafety levels based on the hazard level of the pathogens being used. It also explains different types of biosafety cabinets including class I, II and III cabinets and how they provide varying levels of protection for personnel, products and the environment. Air filtration using HEPA and ULPA filters in biosafety cabinets is also summarized. Finally, it provides an overview of international standards for biosafety cabinets.
This document discusses biosafety and biosecurity when working with infectious agents in a laboratory setting. It defines biosafety as safety precautions that reduce risk of exposure and contamination. There are four biosafety levels depending on the agent, with level 4 being the most restrictive for dangerous pathogens with no treatment. Key equipment for containment includes biosafety cabinets, which use HEPA filters to circulate air and prevent exposure, with various types for different risk levels. Proper use and certification of this equipment is important for protecting laboratory workers and the public.
The document discusses biosafety levels (BSL) for working with biological agents in laboratories. It describes the four BSL levels from 1 to 4, with 1 being the lowest risk and 4 being the highest risk. For each BSL level, it provides details on the types of agents used, standard practices, safety equipment requirements, and facilities. It also discusses the concepts of primary and secondary barriers for biocontainment.
This document discusses biosafety and biocontainment levels. It describes the risks associated with biological research, including hazards from pathogens and laboratory procedures. Pathogens are classified into four risk groups based on infectivity and severity of disease. Containment levels including biological and physical containment help reduce exposure risks. Primary containment involves laboratory practices and equipment while secondary containment involves facility design. Facilities are designated as biosafety level I, II or III depending on the risk group of pathogens handled.
The document discusses biosafety levels (BSL) from 1-3. BSLs are determined by factors like risk of infection, nature of work, and agent characteristics. Each level has standardized practices and facilities appropriate for the associated risks. BSL1 applies to low-risk agents and requires basic precautions. BSL2 is for agents associated with human disease, requiring enhanced safety measures. BSL3 is for indigenous agents that can cause serious disease through inhalation and has strict controls, medical surveillance, and restricted access. Higher BSLs build upon practices of lower levels with increasing containment requirements to protect laboratory personnel and the public.
The document discusses biosafety concepts and practices. It begins by defining biosafety as safety from exposure to infectious agents. It then discusses biosafety issues in various disciplines like agriculture, medicine, and chemistry. The rest of the document outlines biosafety concepts, levels, and practices based on guidance from the Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) including standard microbiological practices, safety equipment, and facility design requirements for different biosafety levels from BSL-1 to BSL-4. It also discusses risk assessment and containment practices for working with various biological hazards.
This document outlines regulations for safety in biological plants regarding biohazards and biosecurity. It defines key terms like biohazard, biosecurity, and biosafety. It discusses safety basics in biological plants including biosafety in the lab and personal biosafety. It covers national regulations in India for biological safety as well as international regulations. Guidelines are provided for risk assessment, pathogen assessment, biosafety levels, good manufacturing practices, and the roles of various containment barriers.
This document provides an introduction to biosafety. It defines biosafety as safety from exposure to infectious agents according to the CDC. It then discusses the history of biosafety, including the first biosafety conference in 1955 and the establishment of biosafety levels 1 through 4 by the CDC. The document outlines the need for biosafety in laboratories working with infectious agents and describes the scope of biosafety across fields like medicine, agriculture and exobiology. It also covers biosafety issues in academic research, regulations, signage, hazardous materials, and provides details on the four biosafety levels based on pathogen risk.
This document discusses biosafety levels and containment practices for handling biohazardous agents in laboratories. It describes three biosafety levels (BSL1-3) with increasing safety requirements according to the hazard level of the agents. BSL1 requires standard microbiological practices. BSL2 requires controlled access, biological safety cabinets for aerosol-generating procedures, personal protective equipment, and waste decontamination. BSL3 involves handling agents of high risk and requires additional containment such as physical separation of the laboratory, controlled access, required personal protective equipment, decontamination of all waste and vacuum lines, and use of biological safety cabinets for all procedures involving biohazardous materials.
The WHO is revising the Laboratory Biosafety Manual to incorporate recent developments in biosafety practices and technologies over the past 13 years. The revision will feature a risk-based approach and emphasize good microbiological practices and procedures. It will include a core document along with additional monographs providing more detailed guidance on topics like risk assessment, laboratory design, and biosafety program management.
This document discusses biosafety guidelines for working with biological agents in a laboratory setting. It outlines different levels of containment (BL1-BL4) required for microorganisms based on their hazard potential, from basic practices for BL1 up to maximum containment measures like positive pressure suits for BL4. Standard practices like hand washing, prohibiting eating or smoking, and proper disposal of sharps and waste are reviewed. Regulations on bloodborne pathogens and shipping infectious substances are also mentioned.
The document defines biosafety levels and containment controls for working with biological agents. There are four biosafety levels that provide increasing containment based on the risk group of the agent. BSL-1 is for low risk agents and allows open bench work, while BSL-4 is for dangerous exotic agents and requires the highest level of containment like positive pressure suits. Each level has specific laboratory practices, safety equipment, and facility requirements to safely contain biological agents and protect laboratory workers from exposure.
This document discusses biosafety levels and guidelines for working with infectious agents in microbiology laboratories. It begins by explaining the importance of biosafety and outlining prohibited activities. It then describes the four biosafety levels from 1 to 4, with level 1 requiring the fewest precautions for non-dangerous agents, and level 4 requiring the strictest methods for dangerous agents. Each biosafety level is explained in terms of the types of infectious agents handled, standard practices, protective equipment and barriers required to handle those agents safely.
This document provides guidelines for safety in microbiological laboratories. It outlines various means through which laboratory infections can occur, such as through aerosols, contaminated surfaces, and accidents involving needles or broken glass. It recommends personal protective equipment, biological safety cabinets, proper ventilation, and restricted access for high-risk areas. The responsibilities of the safety officer and importance of training personnel are discussed. Procedures for proper hygiene, disposal of contaminated materials, and different containment levels are also outlined.
Biosafety level 4 requires the highest level of containment precautions and is required for work with dangerous and exotic agents that can cause severe or fatal disease for which there are no vaccines or treatments. Strict protocols must be followed, including requiring two people to work at all times, full protective clothing and respiratory equipment, and decontamination of all materials. The laboratory facilities for biosafety level 4 include primary containment like class III cabinets and sealed suit laboratories, emergency power, controlled access and air systems, and sterilization of all waste before disposal.
deals with biosafety in medical labs. universal safety precautions included. Includes updated 8 categories and colour coding for BMW management. Being a budding microbiologist, kept it focused on microbiology lab
The document discusses the history and development of biosafety levels for handling biological agents. It notes that the first biosafety cabinet was created in 1943 and that the CDC began specifying biosafety levels in 1964, establishing levels 1 through 4. It provides details on the standard practices, safety equipment, and facilities required for biosafety levels 1 through 4, with level 1 requiring the fewest containment procedures and level 4 the most stringent for dangerous infectious agents.
Module 3 biosafety principles & microbiologycal risk group 21 1-18EhealthMoHS
This document discusses biosafety principles and the classification of microorganisms by risk group. It describes the different biosafety levels from 1 to 4, which provide increasing levels of protection based on combinations of laboratory practices, safety equipment, and facility requirements. The biosafety levels are designed to safely work with biological agents according to their hazards. It also discusses the World Health Organization's classification of microorganisms into four risk groups based on their risk of disease and transmission. The appropriate biosafety level is selected by matching the containment measures to the risk group of the agent being handled.
Laboratory biosafety and biosecurity issues related to Brucella research and ...ILRI
Presented by Joseph P. Kozlovac at a workshop on an integrated approach to controlling brucellosis in Africa, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 29-31 January 2013.
The document provides an introduction to biosafety. It discusses biological hazards risk assessment and the factors considered in risk assessment such as agent hazards, laboratory procedure hazards, and the capability of laboratory staff. It also describes the classification of infectious microorganisms into four risk groups based on their hazardous characteristics and routes of transmission. Various biosafety levels from 1 to 4 are established depending on the risk factors involved. Primary and secondary containment barriers as well as safety equipment used at different biosafety levels are explained.
Biosafety levels range from 1 to 4 based on the hazards posed by infectious agents, with level 1 posing minimal risk and level 4 the highest. Biosafety level 1 involves standard precautions for microbes not known to cause disease in healthy adults. Level 2 requires restricted access and personal protective equipment for work with moderate hazards. Level 3 involves serious diseases transmitted through respiratory routes and requires medical surveillance, immunizations, respirators and controlled lab access. Biosafety level 4 is the highest level involving dangerous exotic microbes and requires change of clothes, showering and separate containment facilities. Adherence to biosafety guidelines and regulations helps reduce laboratory risks.
This document discusses biosafety levels and biosafety cabinets. It describes the four biosafety levels based on the hazard level of the pathogens being used. It also explains different types of biosafety cabinets including class I, II and III cabinets and how they provide varying levels of protection for personnel, products and the environment. Air filtration using HEPA and ULPA filters in biosafety cabinets is also summarized. Finally, it provides an overview of international standards for biosafety cabinets.
This document discusses biosafety and biosecurity when working with infectious agents in a laboratory setting. It defines biosafety as safety precautions that reduce risk of exposure and contamination. There are four biosafety levels depending on the agent, with level 4 being the most restrictive for dangerous pathogens with no treatment. Key equipment for containment includes biosafety cabinets, which use HEPA filters to circulate air and prevent exposure, with various types for different risk levels. Proper use and certification of this equipment is important for protecting laboratory workers and the public.
The document discusses biosafety levels (BSL) for working with biological agents in laboratories. It describes the four BSL levels from 1 to 4, with 1 being the lowest risk and 4 being the highest risk. For each BSL level, it provides details on the types of agents used, standard practices, safety equipment requirements, and facilities. It also discusses the concepts of primary and secondary barriers for biocontainment.
This document discusses biosafety and biocontainment levels. It describes the risks associated with biological research, including hazards from pathogens and laboratory procedures. Pathogens are classified into four risk groups based on infectivity and severity of disease. Containment levels including biological and physical containment help reduce exposure risks. Primary containment involves laboratory practices and equipment while secondary containment involves facility design. Facilities are designated as biosafety level I, II or III depending on the risk group of pathogens handled.
The document discusses biosafety levels (BSL) from 1-3. BSLs are determined by factors like risk of infection, nature of work, and agent characteristics. Each level has standardized practices and facilities appropriate for the associated risks. BSL1 applies to low-risk agents and requires basic precautions. BSL2 is for agents associated with human disease, requiring enhanced safety measures. BSL3 is for indigenous agents that can cause serious disease through inhalation and has strict controls, medical surveillance, and restricted access. Higher BSLs build upon practices of lower levels with increasing containment requirements to protect laboratory personnel and the public.
Biosafety refers to ensuring safety when working with biological organisms. This document discusses biosafety concepts and issues including containment levels, biosafety cabinets, and risk assessment. The four biosafety levels range from level 1 posing minimal risk to level 4 posing high individual risk without vaccines or treatments. Biosafety cabinets are used to protect workers and the environment, with class I protecting environment, class II protecting samples and environment, and class III providing maximum protection in BSL-4 labs. Risk assessment considers an organism's pathogenicity, virulence, proliferation ability, and transmission route. Guidelines for recombinant DNA research emphasize risk-based containment and avoiding unnecessary regulation.
This document discusses biosafety and biosecurity. It defines biosafety as containment principles and practices to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens. This includes laboratory worker protection, containment design, guidelines and safe practices. It describes World Health Organization (WHO) risk groups 1-4 which categorize agents based on factors like pathogenicity. It also outlines biosafety levels 1-4 which are determined by composite factors including containment and procedures. The document emphasizes principles like risk assessment, training, and emergency response planning. It defines biosecurity as measures to prevent theft or intentional release of pathogens. Developing strong biosafety and biosecurity programs requires involvement from various stakeholders.
safety data sheet, an introduction to cell culture, safety equipment, safe laboratory practices, ascetic techniques, sterile work area, good personal hygiene, sterile reagents and media, sterile handling, planning of cell culture labs.
The document discusses biosafety levels (BSL) which are used to classify biological agents based on risk. There are four biosafety levels, with BSL-1 posing the lowest risk (ex. E. coli bacteria) and BSL-4 posing the highest risk (ex. Ebola virus). Each level has specific containment controls for laboratory practices, safety equipment, and facility construction required to safely work with the biological agents in that risk group. The summary outlines some of the key containment controls like personal protective equipment, biological safety cabinets, and facility access restrictions that distinguish the different biosafety levels.
Different Biosafety levels of laboratory.pptMukesh Tanwar
The document discusses the history and key aspects of biological safety levels. It began with the first Biological Safety Conference in 1955 organized by the U.S. Army to share knowledge on bio-safety issues. In 1964, the CDC specified four biosafety levels (BSL 1-4) to isolate dangerous biological agents. BSL1 is for well-characterized agents of minimal hazard. BSL2 requires more containment for agents of moderate hazard. BSL3 is for indigenous or exotic agents that may cause serious disease, while BSL4 is for dangerous and exotic agents that pose high risk of life-threatening disease. The document outlines the standard and special practices, safety equipment and facilities required at each level.
This document provides information on laboratory safety practices. It discusses designating a safety officer, biosafety levels and practices, general safety rules and regulations, biosafety cabinets, and safe use of biosafety cabinets. Biosafety levels range from level 1 to level 4, with increasing containment practices required for higher levels due to more dangerous biological agents. Biosafety cabinets come in classes I-III and types A1, A2, B1, and B2, with each type providing different levels of protection for samples and/or personnel. Proper use of biosafety cabinets is important to maintain safe airflow.
This document discusses biosafety and biosafety levels. It defines biosafety as steps taken to protect humans, products, and the environment from biological hazards that may occur from research or commerce involving infectious organisms or genetically modified organisms. The document then describes the four biosafety levels established by the CDC - Biosafety Level 1 requires basic safety precautions; Biosafety Level 2 requires more extensive precautions for work with pathogens that pose moderate hazards; Biosafety Level 3 is for dangerous indigenous or exotic agents that may cause severe disease through inhalation; and Biosafety Level 4 contains the most hazardous pathogens and requires the highest level of containment.
The document discusses laboratory safety for clinical personnel. It outlines objectives around safety awareness, hazards, and responsibilities. Potential hazards include electric shock, toxic gases, radiation, and biological materials. Safety is achieved through recognition of hazards, good habits, and applying engineering controls, personal protective equipment, and work practice controls. Regulations aim to provide a safe work environment and are established by organizations like OSHA, NIOSH, DOT and others.
This document discusses biosafety and biosecurity in laboratories. It defines laboratory biosafety as containment practices to prevent exposure to pathogens, and biosecurity as protecting valuable biological materials. It also defines bioterrorism, biohazards, risk, and biomedical waste. The document outlines objectives of biological safety including protecting workers, maintaining a safe work environment, and preventing spread of contaminants. It lists 12 rules of biosafety such as proper training, handling all biological material as potentially infectious, using appropriate biosafety levels, and reporting any accidents.
Laboratory work, symptoms and specimen collecting Iram Qaiser
This document discusses laboratory work in microbiology, including the history and objectives of laboratory work. It describes guidelines for working with microorganisms, including their categorization into biosafety levels based on pathogenicity. It covers biosafety level practices and the engineering controls required for different biosafety levels. It also discusses specimen collection and handling for microbiology, including transport, rejection criteria, and standard precautions. Methods for clinical diagnosis in the microbiology laboratory include direct examination and culture/isolation.
The document discusses biological safety levels for working with biological agents. It begins with a brief history of biological safety conferences and standards being established in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s. It then provides details on the four biological safety levels (BSL), including standard practices, safety equipment and facility requirements for each level. BSL1 is for agents not known to cause disease, while each increasing level incorporates more containment practices for more dangerous agents, with BSL4 being for dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high risk of life-threatening disease.
Biosafety is the application of safety precautions that reduce a Laboratory based risk of exposure to a potentially infectious material and limit contamination of the working and surrounding environment.
The primary principle of biosafety is “Containment”.
Containment
The action of keeping harmful things under control and within limits
Or
A series of safe methods for managing infectious bacteria in the laboratory.
Workplace safety is an important aspect to protect personnel against injury or serious accident.In case of animal cell culture safety takes a front seat due to nature of work i.e. handling of human cells and tissues, viruses with high potential to cause infections to humans and other adventitious micro organisms. This presentation presents various methods of safety to protect lab personnel from infectious biological agents.
The document discusses containment methods for safely handling biohazardous agents in laboratories. Primary containment refers to protecting laboratory personnel through good microbiological techniques and safety equipment like biological safety cabinets. Secondary containment protects the external environment through facility design and operational practices. The purpose of containment is to reduce exposure risks and prevent escape of potentially biohazardous agents.
The document discusses containment methods for safely handling biohazardous agents in laboratories. Primary containment involves good microbiological techniques and safety equipment like biological safety cabinets to protect personnel and the immediate lab environment. Secondary containment uses facility design and practices to protect the external environment. Containment aims to reduce exposure risks for lab workers and prevent agents from escaping outside. The document then describes different biosafety levels based on the hazard level of the agents and appropriate safety measures for each level.
This document discusses biosafety precautions and laboratory acquired infections. It begins by introducing biosafety and biosafety levels 1 and 2. Biosafety level 1 is for well characterized agents that do not consistently cause disease, while level 2 requires specific training and procedures when working with agents that pose moderate hazards. The document then discusses principles of biosafety like containment and risk assessment. It also provides details on safety equipment, facility design, standard microbiological practices and national biosafety guidelines to prevent laboratory acquired infections.
Ebola is a major public health issue in Africa that is transmitted through contact with bodily fluids. Laboratory training is needed due to risks to healthcare workers from Ebola outbreaks. Proper biosafety and biosecurity protocols must be followed, including appropriate PPE, sanitation of areas and equipment, safe burials, and restricting access. Diagnosing Ebola requires collecting the right specimens, rapid testing, and confirming results while protecting staff and preventing further spread.
The document discusses biosafety, which aims to reduce risks from infectious agents and genetically modified organisms. Biosafety involves containment conditions and preventing exposure of laboratory workers, the public, and environment. It defines four biosafety levels based on risk groups of biological agents, with higher levels requiring more stringent containment and personal protective equipment. Risk assessment involves identifying and analyzing hazards to determine potential adverse effects of biotechnology research.
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
2. Introduction
Bio-related research activities may involve manipulation of
microbial, animal or plant cells.
The risks associated with these activities arise from the
samples and /or the procedural requirements.
Adherence to standard microbiological techniques and
using facilities suitable to the risk level of the pathogen
helps to protect the researcher from laboratory-acquired
infections.
3. Bio hazards
Hazards related to bio research can be classified into two
categories.
• hazards related with the pathogen
or human/animal cells being used
in research.
• related with the procedures and
practices followed in the lab.
4. Pathogenic risks
Cell cultures
• Researchers who handle or manipulate human or
animal cells are at risk of possible exposure to
potentially infectious pathogens that may be present in
those cells/ tissues.
• The human cell lines may contain blood borne
pathogens, which can be transmitted due to improper
handling.
5. Routes of entry for pathogen
The probable routes of entry are
• Inhalation of infectious aerosols.
• Contact of the agent with the skin, eyes or mucous
membrane.
• Inoculation by contaminated sharps.
• Bites from infected animals or contact with their body
fluids.
• Ingestion of infectious agent through mouth pipetting
or contaminated hands.
6. Aerosols
Aerosols generated during research activities remain
undetected and can spread easily and remain suspended
in the laboratory atmosphere for a long time.
They possess a serious hazard to the person performing
the task and also to others who are exposed to the air
from the laboratory.
7. Aerosols
Aerosols can be generated during the following activities
• Pipetting
• Blending
• Centrifugation
• Use of sonicators and
vortex mixers
These respirable size particles when inhaled are retained
in the lungs and can cause infection to the person.
8. Pathogenic risks
The risk from the pathogen handled depends on the
following factors.
• Capability to cause infection in the host and the severity
of the same.
• Preventive measures and treatment available.
• Route of entry
• Infective dose level
• Stability in the environment
• The range of cells/strains that can act as a host.
Based on the above factors the microorganisms are
classified into four risk groups.
9. Classification of pathogenic microorganisms
Risk group I
A pathogen that is unlikely to cause any disease in humans
or animals.
All bacterial, fungal and parasitic agents not included in
higher groups.
10. Classification of pathogenic microorganisms
Risk group II
A pathogen that can cause disease in humans or animals
but is unlikely to be a serious hazard.
Effective treatment and preventive measures are available
and the risk of spread of infection is limited.
• Bacterial- Vibrio cholerae
• Fungal- Aspergillus fumigatus, Actinomycetes
• Parasitic- P.falciparum, Plasmodium thcilera
• Viral and Rickettssial -Vole rickettsia, Mumps virus
11. Classification of pathogenic microorganisms
Risk group III
A pathogen that can cause serious human or animal
disease , but does not ordinarily spread from one infected
person to another.
Effective treatment and preventive measures are
available.
• Bacterial - Clostridium botulium, Francisella tularensis
• Fungal - Coccidioides immitis,Histoplasma capsulatum
• Parasitic- Schisistosoma mansomi
• Viral and Rickettssial - Foot-and- Mouth disease virus
12. Classification of pathogenic microorganisms
Risk group IV
A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal
disease and that can be readily transmitted from one
individual to another, directly or indirectly.
Effective treatment and preventive measures are not
usually available.
• Korean hemorrhagic fever
• Omsk hemorrhagic fever and
• Central European Encephalitis viruses
13. Containment
The term containment is used to describe the safe work
practices in handling infectious agents to reduce exposure
to laboratory personnel and others.
Types of containment
• Biological containment
• Physical containment
14. Biological containment (BC)
Any combination of vector and host which is to provide
biological containment must be chosen or constructed to
limit the infectivity of vector to specific hosts and control
the host-vector survival in the environment.
15. Physical Containment (PC)
Physical containment helps to confine the pathogenic
organisms being handled and prevent exposure to
personnel.
Physical containment is achieved by
• Laboratory practices Primary containment
• Containment equipment
• Special laboratory design Secondary containment
Primary containment offers protection to personnel and
immediate laboratory environment whereas secondary
containment offers protection to the environment outside
the laboratory.
18. Secondary containment
Proper design of the facility helps in protecting personnel
inside the facility and also prevents the release of
pathogenic organisms outside the facility.
Facility designs are of three types
Basic Laboratory (for Risk Group I and II)
Containment Laboratory (for Risk Group III)
Maximum Containment Laboratory (for Risk Group IV)
19. It consists of a combination of laboratory practices,
equipment and facilities suitable to the procedures being
performed and hazards of the pathogen.
The four biosafety levels corresponds to four risk groups.
A lower risk group can be assigned a higher biosafety
level, if a biological risk assessment carried out requires
so.
Biosafety levels
20. Biosafety level I
Suitable for teaching laboratories and for facilities in
which work is done with defined and characterised strains
of agents not known to cause any disease.
Good microbiological techniques(GMT) to be followed.
21. Biosafety Level II
Applicable to facilities in which work is done with
indigenous moderate-risk agents present in the
community and associated with human disease of varying
severity.
BSL II is appropriate when work is done with any human-
derived blood, body fluids, tissues, or primary human cell
lines, in which presence of an infectious agent may be
unknown
BSL II requires
• Following GMT
• Use of personal protective equipment
• Use of BSC
• Use of autoclaves
22. Biosafety level III
Applicable to facilities in which work is done with
indigenous or exotic agents where the potential for
infection by aerosols is real and the disease may have
serious or lethal consequences.
BSL III requires in addition to that of BSL II requirements
• Special clothing
• Directional airflow
• Controlled access
• Double door entry/Anteroom
• Supervision
23. Biosafety level IV
Applicable to work with dangerous and exotic agents which
pose a high individual risk of life-threatening disease.
BSL IV requires in addition to BSL III requirements
• Positive pressure personnel suits
• Strictly limited access
• Double ended autoclave
• Class III BSC
• Airlock with shower
• Supervision
24. Good microbiological techniques (GMT)
• Specimen containers must be correctly labelled for
easy identification.
• Use secondary containers (autoclavable) while
transporting specimens to contain spill.
• Specimen containers received from external agencies
must be opened in the biosafety cabinet.
• Use mechanical pipettes.
25. Good microbiological techniques
• Open flame must not be used in BSC as it can
distort the air flow pattern and damage the filters.
• Always use disposable gloves. Do not touch mouth, eyes
and face with contaminated hands.
26. Good microbiological techniques
• Food and drink must not be stored or consumed in the
laboratory.
• Glassware must be replaced with plasticware
wherever possible.
27. Good microbiological techniques
• Sharps(e.g., needle sticks, glass) must be avoided
wherever possible as it can transmit blood borne
pathogens in case of injury.
28. Good microbiological techniques
• Use engineered sharp-safety devices when syringes
and needles are necessary.
• Needles must not be recapped, to prevent needle stick
injury.
• Puncture-proof containers fitted with covers must be used
for disposing sharps.
29. Good microbiological techniques
• Tubes and specimen containers must always be
securely capped (screw-capped if possible) for
centrifugation.
• Refer to manufacturer’s instructions before operating
equipments.
• Work area must be decontaminated with a suitable
disinfectant at the end of the work.
• Hands must be thoroughly washed before leaving the lab.
30. Personal protective equipment
• Personal protective equipment act as a barrier to
minimize the risk of exposure to aerosols, splashes and
other injuries.
• Personal protective equipment must be selected on
the basis of the risks involved in the task performed.
• Lab coat, safety glasses and toe covered footwear is a
minimum requirement while working in the lab.
• Face shield must be used if there is any risk of
splashing of infectious materials.
31. Personal protective equipment
• Gloves must be worn for all procedures that may
involve direct contact with blood, infectious materials,
or infected animals.
• Gloves must be removed aseptically and autoclaved
with other laboratory wastes before disposal.
• If re-usable gloves are used, on removal they must be
cleaned and disinfected before re-use.
• Lab coats and other personal protective equipment used
must not be used outside the laboratory.
32. Biosafety cabinets(BSC)
Biological safety cabinets provide containment of
infectious aerosols generated during the laboratory
procedures.
Three types of BSCs are used in microbiological
laboratories.
These are
Class I
Class II
Class III
33. Biosafety Cabinets
Class I BSC
Offers protection to laboratory personnel and to the
laboratory environment .
It doesn’t protect the samples from external contamination.
Class II BSC
Provides protection to the samples in the cabinet from
external contamination in addition to personnel and
laboratory environment protection.
Class III BSC
Provides the maximum attainable level of protection to
personnel and the environment.
34. The following factors reduce the efficiency of the BSC
• Poor location
• Room air currents
• Decreased airflow
• Leakage in HEPA filters
• Working with raised sashes
• Overcrowding the work surface
• Improper user methodology
35. Emergency measures
In case of exposure to bio samples
• Remove the contaminated clothing.
• Wash the skin thoroughly with soap and water.
• In case of eye contact flush the eyes with water.
• Report the exposure to the Lab in charge.
• Get medical attention immediately.
36. Decontamination
• Decontamination renders an item (work bench,
equipment, etc.) safe to handle by reducing the number
of organisms to below the threshold infectious dose level
such that transmission is unlikely to occur.
• Decontamination requirements will depend on the
experimental work and the nature of the infectious agent
handled.
• Decontamination is usually accomplished by steam
sterilization or autoclaving.
• Sterilization and disinfection are different forms of
decontamination.
38. Decontamination
Disinfection
• Is not as effective as sterilization, as some organisms
such as bacterial endospores may survive.
• A disinfectant is a chemical or mixture of chemicals used
to kill microorganisms, but not spores. They are usually
applied to inanimate surfaces or objects.
39. Decontamination
Disinfectants
• Sodium hypochlorite and formaldehyde are the
disinfectants recommended for general laboratory use.
• For special purposes phenolic compounds, alcohols,
iodine etc., can be used effectively.
40. Biohazard waste disposal
Biohazard waste generated in laboratories must be
segregated into the following:
• Non-contaminated general waste
• “Sharps”-needles, glass pieces, etc
• Contaminated material for autoclaving and recycling
• Contaminated material for incineration
41. • Biohazard waste for autoclaving must be collected in
red plastic bags and those for incineration in yellow non
chlorinated plastic bags.
• Biohazard waste of human and animal origin must be
incinerated.
Biohazard waste disposal