PowerPoint presentation on Agro Ecosystem or Agricultural ecosystem by Syed Mohd. Mueez Alam Hanafi (M.sc zoology )

2. PG
SEMINAER
NAME – Syed Mohd. Mueez Alam Hanafi
CLASS – M.Sc. final zoology
ROLL NO.- 1
TOPIC – Agri- Ecosystem

3. -: :-
 What is Ecosystem.
 What is Agri- Ecosystem.
Concept of Agroecosystem.
How Natural and Agricultural ecosystem
differ
Sustainable Agriculture.
 Agroecology and Design of Sustainable
Agroecosystem.
What is Productivity.
Reference.

4. ECOSYSTEM

5. -:What is Ecosystem:-
Ecosystem is any geographic
area that includes all of the
organisms and nonliving parts
of their physical environment.
Weather and landscape work
together to form a bubble of
life.
Ecosystem can be very small
as a pond; a medium sized
area such as a forest; or a large
area such as the Earth itself.

9. Abiotic Component

10. The Ecosystem are classified into many types and are
based on a number of factors. So, Basically there are two
types of ecosystems due to activity or interference of
human in ecosystem .
1. Natural Ecosystem
2. Artificial or man-made Ecosystem
• Natural ecosystem : As the name implies in this type ecosystem there
is no human interference and basically classified into two major
types, they are aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem
• An Artificial ecosystem are natural regions affected by human’s
interferences. The typical example of artificial ecosystem is a
cultivated field or Agroecosystem

11. Agroecosystem

12. What is Agroecosystem:-
An Agroecosystem can be viewed as a subset of a
conventional ecosystem. An Agroecosystem is the basic
unit of study in Agroecology. And it is somewhat
arbitrarily defined as a spatially and functionally
coherent unit of agriculture activity. And includes the
living non living components involved in that unit as well
as their interactions.
Agro ecosystem in croton-on-hudson New York
(intercropped tomatoes basil, peppers and
eggplant)

13. Concept of Agroecosystem
Agriculture + Ecosystem = Agroecosystem

14. Concept of Agroecosystem
Agroecosystem can be manipulated to
improve production and to produce more
sustainably with fewer negative
environmental or social impacts and
external inputs.

15. •Made up of largely domesticated animals
and plants used to produce food for
humans.
•Considerable energy losses occur at each
trophic level of a food chain.
•Humans are usually at the 3rd, or 4th,
trophic level of a food chain.
•It tries to ensure that as much as possible
of the Sun’s energy is transferred to human.
•Agriculture channels the energy flowing
through a food web into the human food
chains. This increases the productivity of
the human food chain.

18. Difference between Natural and
Agroecosystem :-
The Two Basic Diffrences are:
•Energy Input.
•Productivity.

21. Semi-domesticated ecosystems that fall on a
gradient between ecosystems that have experienced
minimal human impact, and those under maximum
human control.
Examples – Integrated pest management aims to
control problematic pests through introduction of
other species, not application of pesticides or
herbicides to kill that pest .
Different method of intercropping.
Elimination of unsustainable practices such as
increasingly intensified pesticide use.

22. Sustainable Agriculture :-
The efficient production of safe, high quality
agricultural products, in a way that protects and
improves:
The natural environment.
The social and economic conditions of
farmers.
Their employees and local communities.
Safe for the health of all farmed species.

23. Biodiversification And Agroecology
Objective of Agroecology is to provide balanced
environments, sustained yields, biologically mediated soil
fertility and natural pest regulation through the design of
diversified Agroecosystem and the use of low-input
technologies.
By designing farming system that mimic nature, optimal
use can be made of sunlight, soil nutrients and rainfall.
The optimal behavior of Agroecosystem depends on the
level of interactions between the various biotic and abiotic
components and keeping synergies among them is the key
word.

24. Sustainable Agroecosystem :-
Maintain their natural resources.
 Rely on minimum artificial inputs from outside the farm
system.
Manage pests and diseases through internal regulating
mechanism.
 Recover from the disturbances caused by cultivation and
harvest

26. Combining the different components of the farm system, i.e.
Plants, animals, soil, water, climate and people, so that they
balance each other and have the greatest possible synergetic
effects.
Reducing the use of off-farm, external and non- renewable
inputs.
Relying mainly on resources within the Agroecosystem by
replacing external inputs.
Improving the match between cropping patterns and the
productive potential and environmental constraints of climate
and landscape.

27.  Agroecology Provides the knowledge and
methodology necessary for developing an
Agriculture that on the one hand environmentally
sound and economically viable.
Agroecological design is to integrate components
so that overall biological efficiency is improved,
biodiversity is preserved, and the the
agroecosystems productivity and its self-regulating
capacity is maintained.

28. What is Productivity?
Productivity is a rate at which
something is produced. Producers
(Green plants) ‘Produce’ Chemical
energy by converting light energy into
food e.g. glucose during
photosynthesis.
The rate at which plants assimilate
this chemical energy is called Gross
Productivity . It is measured for a
given area over a given period of time,
usually in units of kl-2

30.  P.D. SHARMA – ENVIRONMENT
R. RAJAGOPALAN – ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY
S.K. OJHA – ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
Dr. LATIKA JHA – ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Dr. DHIRENDRA DEVARSHI – ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY
 STEPHEN SMITH- ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS: A VERY SHORT
INTRODUCTION.