This document appears to be a student's physics project on telescopes. It includes an introduction to telescopes, descriptions of their key parts and principles, the two main types (reflecting and refracting), and their various uses. The project was completed by Pranay Kumar, a class 12 student at Narayana e-Techno School, under a teacher's guidance to fulfill a physics examination requirement.

1. NARAYANAe-TECHNOSCHOOL
Physics Project
Topic: TELESCOPE
NAME :PRANAY KUMAR
CLASS : XII

2. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that PRANAY KUMAR , a student of class XII
(science) of school Narayana e-Techno School has successfully
completed the physics investigatory project on the selected
topic “TELESCOPE” under the guidance of during the year
of 2022-23 in partial fulfillment of biology practical examination
conducted by Narayana E-techno School.
Dated:
signature of the teacher
( )

3. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This is to acknowledge that this investigatory project would not
have been successful without the help of the source that are
mention below. Itwas a great opportunity making this
investigatory project so at the onset a very great thanks to our
respected subject teacher Mrs Shipra without her guidance this
investigatory project would not have been possible. Lastly I
would like to thank our parents who really helped us in each
and every movement, friends and everyone who is directly or
indirectly associated with the completion of this investigatory
project of biology.

4. INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION
2. WHAT ISADDICTION
3. TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE
4. CAUSES OF ADDICTION
5. EFFECTS OF ADDICTION
6. DIAGONISIS OF ADDICTION
7. THE PROFILE OF FIVE PATIENTS
8. TREATMENT OF ADDICTION
9. SCENARIO OF ADDICTION
10. CONCLUSION

5. INTRODUCTION
A Telescope is an optical device which enables
us to see distant object clearly. It provides an
angular magnificator of the distance & object.
The first known practical telescope were
retracting telecopes. with gass lenses and were
invited in the Netherland with glass lenses of
the beginning of the 17th century. They were
used. for both terrestrial applications and
astronomy.
The reflecting telescope, which uses mirrors to
colled and focus light, was invented within a
few decade of first refracting telescope.

6. Principles of Telescope
Telescopes work on the principle that in the case when the object that has to be magnified is placed at
a very large distance from the objective lens of the telescope, the image formed is:
•Virtual
•Inverted
•Magnified

7. Parts of a Telescope
The components or parts of a telescope are as follows:
•Optical Tube: It holds the mirrors and lenses of a telescope. These mirrors or lenses
gather light from distant objects during night time and form a clear image for the
viewer.
•Eyepiece: It forms the magnified image of the object and passes it to the eye of the
viewer.
•Focuser: It is a tube consisting of an eyepiece that can be moved using knobs to adjust
the focus of an image.
•Finderscope: It is present in the telescope tube to find out the direction of the object
to be observed.
•Star Diagonal: It helps to see through a telescope comfortably by adjusting the light
coming from a telescope.
•Mount: Mount is used for holding a telescope and helps to rotate it in the direction of
the object.

8. Types of Telescopes
Telescopes can be classified into two major categories which are:
1.Reflecting Telescopes: Refracting telescopes work by using two lenses to focus the light and make it look like the
object is closer to you than it really is. Both lenses are in a shape thats called 'convex'. Convex lenses work by
bending light inwards.
Reflecting telescopes, on the other hand, dont use lenses at all. Instead, they use mirrors to focus the light together.
In this case, the type of mirror that they use is a concave mirror. Mirrors of this shape also accomplish the goal of
bending light together, except that they do it by reflecting the light instead of bending it as it passes through.
2.Refracting Telescopes: A refracting telescope is an optical telescope that forms an image with a lens as its objective. The
refracting telescope gets its name from the fact that it uses refracting elements, i.e., lenses. The two lenses used in a refracting
telescope are the objective or primary lens, which is used to refract or bend the light to a focus point, and some type of
eyepiece. These primary and eyepiece lenses are fixed at the ends of two coaxial tubes and parallel rays from a distant object
enter the telescope. Refracting telescopes were the earliest telescopes to be devised. .

9. Reflecting Telescopes
•Reflecting Telescopes are more powerful than refracting telescopes.
•Reflecting Telescopes have a curved mirror at the bottom of the tube.
•The curved mirror focuses the light at a point in the tube.
•A second mirror is placed in the way of the focused light.
•The second mirror sends the light out the side of the tube, through an eyepiece.
•A lens is placed in the eyepiece that magnifies the image formed by the light.
•The Hubble Space Telescope, which orbits Earth on a spacecraft, is an example of a
reflecting telescope.
Newtons reflecting telescope

10. Refracting telescopes
•Refracting Telescope is a type of telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form
an image.
•It is a tube with one or more lenses at each end.
•Light from the distant object enters the far end of the tube.
•The lenses at that end called the objective lenses, bend the light.
•They focus it to a point near the other end of the tube that forms an image, or
picture of the object, at that point.
•The lens or lenses at this other end are called the eyepiece, magnifying the image.
•The different types of refracting telescopes are the Galilean Telescope, Keplerian
Telescope, and Achromatic Refractors.
Galilean Telescope

11. Uses of Telescope
Telescopes are an integral component of Astronomy. There are several important
functions of a telescope which are:
•Observing Celestial Bodies from Earth’s Surface: Telescopes are used for
observing celestial bodies such as planets and stars.
•Accurate Data Collection: Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is the best-known
optical telescope that collected data for the deep universe.
•Analyzing Image and Light: Telescopes provide graphical representations of
distant objects. Hubble Space Telescope

12. THANK YOU