Biliary atresia is a condition in which the normal hepatic biliary system is disrupted. Progressive damage of extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts occurs secondary to inflammation, leading to fibrosis, biliary cirrhosis, and eventual liver failure.
Biliary atresia is a condition in which the normal hepatic biliary system is disrupted. Progressive damage of extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts occurs secondary to inflammation, leading to fibrosis, biliary cirrhosis, and eventual liver failure.
Dear Viewers,
Greetings from “ Surgical Educator”
Today I have uploaded a video on one of the congenital causes for obstructive jaundice- Biliary Atresia. In this episode, I am discussing about the etiology, types, clinical features, investigations, treatment and surgical outcome of Biliary Atresia. I hope you will enjoy the video. You can watch all my surgical teaching video casts in the following link: surgicaleducator.blogspot.com.
Obstructive jaundice is a dangerous form of disease. It is invariably treated medically leading to a delay in diagnosing the surgical cause. Prompt multipronged approach is therefore essential for early diagnosis.
Obstructive jaundice is one of the important surgical topics. In this playlist I have discussed the introduction, choledocholithiasis, Carcinoma Pancreas and biliary atresia. If you watch all these videos together you will become confident in Managing obstructive jaundice.
Dear Viewers,
Greetings from “ Surgical Educator”
Today I have uploaded a video on one of the congenital causes for obstructive jaundice- Biliary Atresia. In this episode, I am discussing about the etiology, types, clinical features, investigations, treatment and surgical outcome of Biliary Atresia. I hope you will enjoy the video. You can watch all my surgical teaching video casts in the following link: surgicaleducator.blogspot.com.
Obstructive jaundice is a dangerous form of disease. It is invariably treated medically leading to a delay in diagnosing the surgical cause. Prompt multipronged approach is therefore essential for early diagnosis.
Obstructive jaundice is one of the important surgical topics. In this playlist I have discussed the introduction, choledocholithiasis, Carcinoma Pancreas and biliary atresia. If you watch all these videos together you will become confident in Managing obstructive jaundice.
Nuclear medicine in biliary tract disordersRamin Sadeghi
In this presentation, application of nuclear medicine in biliary tract disorders is explained including cholecystitis, sphicter of Oddi dysfunction, neonatal cholestasis, biliary leak, etc.
Call prep: emergency nuclear medicine proceduresHerbert Klein
Guidelines for radiology and nuclear medicine procedures taking call on nights and weekends: gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatobiliary and lung scans. It is interactive, e.g. using Keynote presentation software. PowerPoint
Key findings in acquired and congenital middle ear cholesteatoma.
From Radiopaedia.org and Diagnostic Imaging: Head and Neck by H. Ric, Harnsberger.
https://radiopaedia.org/articles/cholesteatoma?lang=us
https://radiopaedia.org/articles/congenital-cholesteatoma?lang=us
https://radiopaedia.org/articles/acquired-cholesteatoma?lang=us
https://radiopaedia.org/articles/prussak-space?lang=us
Brief description with key imaging findings allowing differential diagnosis of various forms of fungal sinusits.
From Radiopaedia.org and Diagnostic Imaging: Head and Neck by H. Ric, Harnsberger.
Rhinosinusitis: acute, chronic, and complications - imaging findingsMaria Cucos
Brief description with key imaging findings allowing differential diagnosis of various forms of rhinosinusitis.
From Diagnostic Imaging: Head and Neck by H. Ric, Harnsberger.
Brief description of key findings.
From Dudea SM. Radiology and Medical Imaging, volume I, Editura Medicala, 2015.
http://naxos.biomedicale.univ-paris5.fr/diue/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/diuem12-2016nodule_dr_gilles_russ.pdf
Brief description of imaging findings in hip impingement syndrome.
From Donna G Blankenbaker Kirkland W. Davis. Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Trauma . 2nd Edition. Elsevier, 2016.
Summary of abdominal x ray and ultrasound findings in necrotizing enterocolitis.
From Merrow AC Jr. Diagnostic Imaging: Pediatrics. 3rd ed. Elsevier; 2017.
Malrotation and volvulus - imaging findingsMaria Cucos
Brief description of normal duodenojejunal junction location on imaging studies, malrotation hallmarks, and diagnostic imaging findings in midgut volvulus.
From Merrow AC Jr. Diagnostic Imaging: Pediatrics. 3rd ed. Elsevier; 2017.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
5. MRCP – not reliable
failure to see complete biliary tree in 25-40%
of normal < 3 months age
ERCP – rarely performed
shows no biliary enteric channel
6. Ultrasound
absent or small and irregular gall bladder
absent extrahepatic duct
triangular echogenic cord anterior to portal vein
fibrotic remnant of common bile duct typically anterior to portal bifurcation
all strongly suggest BA
8. Hepatobiliary scan with DISIDA or BRIDA
premedication with phenobarbital 5 days induces liver enzymes
increases accuracy
gall bladder seen in 25% does not exclude diagnosis
9. Hepatobiliary scan with DISIDA or BRIDA
lack of excretion into intestines on 24h images
confirms BA or other cause of obstruction
excretion into intestines = BA excluded
