Bharath stage four
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This document discusses emission standards and technologies in India to reduce air pollution from vehicles. It introduces the Bharat Stage (BS) emission standards regulated by the Central Pollution Control Board. BS-III vehicles emit much higher levels of pollutants like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides compared to BS-IV vehicles. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) are technologies discussed to help meet the stricter BS-IV standards by reducing NOx emissions through the use of ammonia catalysts or recirculating a portion of exhaust gases to lower combustion temperatures. Banning older BS-III vehicles in highly polluted cities can help improve air quality and life expectancy according to statistics presented
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This document summarizes air quality and health issues related to air pollution in India. It finds that air quality has degraded significantly due to rapid population growth, urbanization, and increased energy consumption and vehicles. Air pollution levels exceed safety limits in many cities like Delhi and are linked to thousands of premature deaths annually from respiratory and cardiac diseases. Studies show the lung health of Indians is the worst globally and conditions like asthma and COPD are on the rise, especially in children living in highly polluted cities. Indoor air pollution from cooking fuels is also a major health concern for women in India.
Air pollution
The document discusses air pollution in Bangladesh. It states that Bangladesh has the 4th worst air quality out of 92 countries according to the WHO. Air pollution kills an estimated 15,000 Bangladeshis each year. In rural areas, brick kilns and cooking stoves are major polluters, while in cities industrial emissions and vehicles are primary sources of pollution. Common air pollutants in Bangladesh include particulate matter from traffic jams and industrial emissions. Air pollution causes many health and environmental issues for Bangladeshis. Efforts are needed to control air pollution in the country.
Delhi pollution
Delhi faces severe air pollution problems, with pollution levels often reaching 30 times the WHO's recommended limits. The main sources of pollution include vehicle and industrial emissions, construction and demolition dust, and crop burning. Air pollution causes numerous health issues like respiratory illnesses and premature deaths, and affects the environment. Some steps taken to reduce pollution include the odd-even car restriction policy, banning crop burning, expanding public transport, enforcing emissions standards, and promoting alternatives to reduce, reuse and recycle waste. Cloud seeding is being explored as an artificial means of inducing rainfall to help clear the air.
Delhi pollution
The document discusses pollution in Delhi, India. It outlines the types of pollution including water, air, and soil pollution. Air pollution in Delhi is among the worst in the world, with pollution levels often 30 times the WHO limit. Major contributors to Delhi's air pollution are vehicle emissions, construction and industrial activities, agricultural burning, and fireworks. The smog causes serious health effects like respiratory illnesses and premature death. While steps have been taken to address pollution, including odd-even driving restrictions and bans on waste burning, Delhi's air quality remains very poor, endangering public health.
Vehicular Pollution
Vehicular pollution is a major contributor to air pollution problems in cities. Mobile sources like automobiles, trucks, buses and motorcycles emit various pollutants from their exhaust systems like hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. These emissions near ground level where people breathe contribute significantly to poor urban air quality and health issues. Growing vehicle ownership and a lack of effective public transportation systems have exacerbated the problems of traffic congestion and air pollution in Indian cities.
The city of Delhi has some of the very worst air pollution in the wo.pdf
Suppose the language of the plain text message is not English. Enumerate steps that you would
follow in decrypting the message.
Solution
If the language of the plain text message is not English, I would follow very basic steps while
decrypting the message. I would copy the entire plain text message and put it into the google
translate, which will convert it in English, which I would be able to read very easily..
Truck pollution
Trucks are a major contributor to air pollution in Delhi, India. They emit particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and other pollutants that seriously impact human health. A survey found that trucks account for 29% of total particulate matter and 22% of nitrogen oxides emitted in Delhi. Imposing an environmental charge on trucks entering Delhi reduced both their numbers and emissions. However, more measures are needed to control truck pollution, including retrofitting older vehicles with emissions controls and creating low emissions zones in cities.
AIR POLLUTION .pptx
This document discusses air pollution in India. It defines air pollution and notes that 14 of the world's 20 most polluted cities are in India, with Kanpur having the highest PM2.5 levels at 17 times higher than safety limits. Traffic, power plants, and petroleum industries are the major causes of air pollution in India, releasing particulate matter and gases like sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide that harm health and the environment.
Air pollution.pptx
Air pollution is caused by the introduction of harmful chemicals, particles, or materials into the atmosphere. Major sources of air pollution include vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and greenhouse gases. The main pollutants from vehicles are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter. These pollutants can negatively impact human health, causing issues like respiratory diseases, impaired lung function, and cancer. India faces serious air pollution problems, especially in cities like Delhi which has some of the highest levels of PM2.5 and PM10 particles in the world. Long-term exposure to air pollution has reduced lifespans in India.
The cost of air pollution Highlights
Outdoor air pollution kills more than 3.5 million people across the world every year, and causes health problems, from asthma to heart disease, for many more. This is costing OECD societies plus China and India an estimated USD 3.5 trillion a year in terms of the value of lives lost and ill health, and the trend is rising. But how much of the cost of those deaths and health problems is due to pollution from cars, trucks and motorcycles on our roads? Initial evidence suggests that in OECD countries, road transport is likely responsible for about half the USD 1.7 trillion total.
Based on extensive new epidemiological evidence since the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study, and OECD estimates of the Value of Statistical Life, The Cost of Air Pollution provides evidence that the health impacts of air pollution are about four times greater than previously estimated and the economic costs much higher than previously thought.
These Highlights outline the key messages in the report.
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Bharath stage four
- 1. Prepared By: K Mohan Reddy 15691A0393 Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science Mechanical Engineering
- 2. Introduction Introduced in year 2000. Standards are set by Central Pollution Control Board, under ministry of environment, forests & climate
- 3. Why these Standards? Regulate output of air pollutants from IC & SI Engines including motor vehicles These norms specify the maximum permissible emission limit for Carbon monoxide(CO) Hydrocarbons(HC) Oxides of Nitrogen(NOX) Particulate matter(PM)
- 4. Ban on BSIII Vechicles India has most polluted cities in world 30 Indian cities figure in the top 100 most polluted global cities in terms of PM As per WHO in may 2016,air pollution is the 5th cause of death in India Especially in delhi vehicles emit CO-59% HC-50% NOX-18%
- 5. As many as 10000 people die pramaturely in delhi as a result of air pollution According to one study, Delhi citizens would live an average an extra nine years if Delhi met WHO air quality standards. But, combustion inside engines not takes place 100% due to some messy things.
- 6. Air Pollutants Comparison BS-III over BS-IV BS-III BS-IV Petrol Car 150 mg/km Diesel Car 500 mg/km Petrol Car 80 mg/km Diesel Car 250 mg/km
- 8. Hydrolysis Catalysis 32.5%Urea (NH2)2CO thermally decomposes to form ammonia and Isocyanic acid (NH2)2CONH3+HNCO Isocyanic acid hydrolyses to Carbon dioxide and ammonia HNCO+H2OCO2+NH3 Overall this is.. (NH2)2CO+H2O2NH3+CO Ammonia reacts with nitrogen oxide which is harmful to environment. Ammonia in the presence of oxygen & a catalyst will reduce nitrogen oxides. NOX+AmmoniaNitrogen + water(Harmless)
- 10. Working of EGR 5-15% air pollutants are recirculated through EGR valve When fuel mixed with cool air combustion happen little cooler. NOX Formation is low,actually it creates at high temperature. DOC & POC
- 11. DOC is designed to convert CO and HC into CO2 & H2O POC removes particulate matter, HC and CO Hence we will get clean exhaust without NOX
- 12. References:- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JtgrphwT4Q https://www.slideshare.net/rubel2012/selective- catalytic-reduction-system-scr https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_catalytic_re duction
- 13. Thank You