presentation on bs6

1. Presented by Bhavesh sahu
BS VI
BHAVESH

2. Bhavesh sahu

3. Bharat Stage norms have reshaped
the auto sector in India
• The Bharat Stage (BS) emissions norms are India’s foremost
emission standards for the auto industry. India adapted the first set
of these norms for petrol cars in 1991and for diesel cars in 1992.
Since then, the Indian auto sector has been mandated to follow
various iterations of Bharat Stage emission norms or BS norms since
2000. These have been implemented with the intention to regulate
emissions by improving technology and fuel efficiency in ICE
vehicles.
• The government mandated the industry to leapfrog from BS IV to
BS VI making the ambitious decision to skip BS V. This means that
BS IV vehicles cannot be sold on or after April 1st 2020. This
transition will require the automotive sector to make investments in
order to be BS VI compliant. This article will look at the key changes
BS VI is set to bring as well as cost implications of those changes.
BHAVESH

4. What is BS-VI?
• In order to regulate pollutants from vehicles, the Indian
government introduced Bharat Stage Emission
Standards (BSES) or Bharat Stage in 2000 and based the
regulations on European standards. Since then, the
emissions standard has gone through four revisions,
with BS4 being the last revision. On April 1, 2020, BS6
will be implemented, bringing with it more stringent
regulations that will significantly reduce the Particulate
Matter (PM) and Nitrous Oxide (NOx) emissions. As per
the regulations, the aim is to cut these emissions by as
much as 80%. The introduction of BS6, and skipping of
BS-V, will also bring Indian regulation standards in-line
with European regulations.
BHAVESH

5. Table 1: Shows the emission limits
for pollutants from BS III to BS VI
Unit: g/km)
BHAVESH

6. Advancements in automotive
technology
The addition of gasoline particulate filters (GPF)
and diesel particulate filters (DPF) are now
mandated under BS VI. These filters capture
ultrafine particles (i.e. particulate matter) from
being emitted under normal driving conditions.
On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) is another new
addition under the BS VI. The OBD monitors and
supports consistent performance of different air
pollution control units in the engine. This way
each vehicle can assess its own emissions
performance.
BHAVESH

7. Fuel grade:
• Fuel grade: Barring the emission limit of the
aforementioned key pollutants that are targeted by BS
norms, the reduction of sulphur in the fuel is one of
the key changes between BS IV and BS VI (the limit has
been decreased from 50ppm to 10ppm both in petrol
and diesel cars). Sulphur is an important determinant
of fuel quality. The lower the sulphur content the
better the long-term performance of air pollution
control units like DPF and GPF since low-suplur fuel
prevents corrosion of hardware. The graph below
shows the steep reduction in sulphur content fuel from
BS II to BS VI:
BHAVESH

8. BHAVESH

9. Testing requirements:
• The testing process requires the manufacturers to lay
out detailed components (through formal
documentation) that have been added to the engine
which need approval. The components that contribute
to fuel efficiency have to be cross-checked with what
the manufacturers have submitted to the testing
agency. The vehicles will also be put through road tests
to ensure emissions limits are tested under realistic
driving conditions. These new requirements are
expected to take longer, albeit promising a more
thorough testing to make sure new vehicles comply
with BS VI norms.
BHAVESH

10. Why it is necessary
• BS6 compliant petrol vehicles are required to be
25 per cent cleaner by reducing NOx (Nitrogen
Oxide) numbers from 80mg/km to 60mg/km. For
diesels, the BS6 norms aims at reducing three
pollutants -- HC (Hydrocarbons) + NOx, PM
(Particulate Matter) and NOx reduction by 43, 68
and 82 per cent respectively. The BS6-compliant
engines make use of modern technology to attain
the above mentioned targets. Some of these
include Lean NOx traps (LNTs), selective catalytic
reduction (SCR) units, and diesel particulate
filters (DPFs).
BHAVESH

12. BS6 fuel be more expensive
• As of now, BS6 fuels costs the same as BS4
fuel in Delhi and other metro cities. But the
refinement process and the upgradation of
refineries to churn out BS6 fuel might impact
the fuel prices. So, it's safe to expect a hike in
fuel prices as time marches forward or once
the norms come into place.
BHAVESH

13. BHAVESH
BHAVESH

14. How expensive will a car get once
its converted to BS6?
• Starting with bikes, Honda and Suzuki say their
bikes will become more expensive by 10 to 15
per cent. Moving on to cars, expect a rise of 2
to 3 per cent (Rs 20,000-30,000) for petrol
cars and 8 to 10 per cent (Rs 80,000-1,00,000)
for diesel cars. This premium comes as a result
of all the R&D and improvements made to the
powerplants to make them comply with the
stringent BS6 norms.
BHAVESH

15. What’s the whole fuss about
AdBlue?
• AdBlue is a liquid solution of urea and water for
diesel engines to lower nitrogen oxide (NOx)
emissions. It has to be replenished according to
the manufacturer-specified guidelines. The
AdBlue tank can also be topped up during service
intervals to stay on the safer side. Pictured below
is the Jeep Compass Trailhawk’s 13-litre AdBlue
tank. In this case, Jeep claims it will last anywhere
between 7000km to 9000km before it runs out.
BHAVESH

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17. Fuel-injection system
• The shift from BS4 to BS6 meant that every
manufacturer has to use a fuel-injection
system in their two-wheelers. The system is a
cleaner way of allowing measured fuel
quantity to be sprayed into the engine
chamber. In short, less work for the catalytic
converters and better performance too. Even
the most basic two-wheelers like the TVS
XL100 (LOONA) boasts a fuel-injection system.
BHAVESH

18. TVS XL100
Sensors
A fuel-injection system requires the elaborate use of sensors in a two-wheeler.
Some commuter motorcycles now claim to have at least 10 sensors on board.
These monitor the oxygen, engine oil or even cut fuel supply if the motorcycle
or scooter has tipped to the side. While a carburetted engine will be easier on
the pocket in terms of repair, a fuel-injected one might cost you a bit more to
get serviced.
BHAVESH

19. Engine check light
• A feature common to all the modern cars and
few premium motorcycles is now available
even in scooters. An engine check light is part
of the instrument panel and will let you know
if any of the sensors are malfunctioning or
not. At start, the light flashes once as the ECU
does a check if everything is working
properly. If it stays lit even after the two-
wheeler is in motion, its time to visit the
service centre.
BHAVESH

20. BHAVESH

21. Weight gain
• While it may not be a technology, its a part of
the BS6 process. Vehicles tend to gain weight
perhaps due to the inclusion of the heavier
catalytic converter in the exhaust pipe. It can
range from a minor 1kg increase to even five.
BHAVESH

22. The revolutionary
BHAVESH

24. THANK YOU
BHAVESH