presentation on bharat stage 6 and its emission norms, advantages, what is bharat stage 6, bharat satage 6 fuel, bharat stage 6 conclusion, bs 6, bs vi, why india leapfrog from bs iv to bs vi

1. SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON
“BHARAT STAGE – VI”
THIRD YEAR MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
2018-19
GUIDE
PROF. NIKAM PRONOD
STUDENT
MR. BHOSALE VISHAL RAJAN
ROLL NO.: 3242
ARVIND GAVALI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

2. BHARAT
STAGE
VI
M R . V IS HAL R A JA N B H O S AL E

3. INTRODUCTION

4. WHAT IS BHARAT STAGE – VI
– Bharat Stage VI (BS VI) is an emission standard that will bring
much-needed changes in the Indian automobile industry in terms
of pollutant emissions.
– With this emission norm coming into effect, India will come at par
with the US, European countries and other advanced automotive
markets across the globe.

5. WHY INDIA FELT THE NEED TO
LEAPFROG FROM BS IV TO BS VI
• India is a country with 10 most populated cities of the world
• In October 2016, India signed the Conference of Protocol also
known as the Paris Climate Agreement.
• Being a signatory to the agreement, India is obligated to bring
down the carbon footprint by 33-55% from the levels recorded
in 2005 in the next 12 years.
• Ideally, BS V would have been rolled out by 2021 and BS VI in
2024 but leapfrog to Bharat Stage VI norms by 2020 had to be
planned because of the carbon footprint obligations.

6. WHAT IS BS-VI GRADE FUEL
• The move from BS-IV to BS-VI will primarily require fuel to have
significantly lower sulphur content. Presently, the sulphur
content in BS-IV petrol and diesel is 50 parts per million (ppm).
BS VI-grade fuels, however, are to have a Sulphur content of 10
ppm.

7. DOES THIS FUEL WILL AFFECT
BS-III & BS-IV ENGINE?
• is there any advantage of running your existing BS-III or BS-IV
compliant car on BS-VI fuel when it becomes available?
• lower the sulphur content in the fuel, the cleaner it burns
• Petrol with lower sulphur emits less NOx, CO and HC

8. WHEN CAN WE EXPECT
BS-VI READY CARS?
• The majority of India’s carmakers have already expressed
concerns on the scale of the challenge to meet BS-VI norms in
2020
• So, you can pretty much rule out any mass market car to be BS-
VI-ready when the compliant fuel goes on sale in Delhi in 2018.

9. BS EMISSION
NORMS

10. • The BS or Bharat Stage emission standards are norms/
standards framed by Indian government to control / check the
levels of air pollutants from internal combustion engines.
• India is five years back in comparison to the European nations in
following the emission standards.
• Emission norms were introduced in India in 1991 & Further
upgraded in 1996.

11. TECHNOLOGY
INVOLVED
TO U P G R A D E F R O M B S - I V TO B S V I
N O R M S F O R E N G I N E S

12. TECHNOLOGY INVOLVED TO UPGRADE FROM
BS-IV TO BS VI NORMS FOR ENGINES
• Two strategies that are adopted by the manufactures for
improved emission control for two categories of fuel is shown in
the Table

13. TECH. IN DIESEL ENGINE
• In the case of diesel Engines three devices
• i.e Catalytic converter, Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) are fitted in series.
• Although catalytic convertor is there in BS IV vehicles two extra
devices DPF and SCR are to be fitted extra to make vehicle BS VI
compliance vehicle

14. TECH. IN PETROL ENGINE
• Re-design of ports and exhaust system improvements
• Higher compression ratios along with improved carburetion by
electronic carburetion/ electronically managed fuel injection /
port injection or direct injection
• Lean & charge stratification with controlled auto ignition and
variable ignition timing
• Combustion chamber re-design & sparkplug re-location
• Piston re-design

15. IMPROVEMENTS
IN FUELS AN
ADOPTED
TECHNOLOGY

16. IMPROVEMENTS IN FUELS
AN ADOPTED TECHNOLOGY
• Sulphur Content in
Fuel in BS-III, BS-IV &
BS-VI

17. TECHNOLOGY INVOLVED
• In the refinery’s diesel has seven or eight different streams with
content sulphur ranging from 0 to 500 ppm.
• So, when diesel with 50 ppm, or petrol with 10 ppm, is to be
prepared all the str
• This Hydro-treatment process is an established refinery process
for reducing sulphur and nitrogen streams will have to be
hydro-treated

18. CHALLENGES /
ISSUES

19. CHALLENGES / ISSUES
• Auto manufacturers prefer Octane 95 to 91 because it allows
engines to give more power.
• The Euro 6-compliant engines are to be first tested in Indian
conditions
• As per the oil sector Euro VI cannot be followed blindly
• BS VI fuel in small quantities has to be provided by oil refineries,
for trials to the auto companies in a timely manner.
• Implementation issues from the customers.

20. ISSUES RELATED TO AUTO COMPANIES
ON TECHNOLOGY UPGRADATION
• Engine technology agreements have to be reviewed
• There is a significant increase in workload for engineering teams
• Change in vehicle dimension: Two new equipment’s DPF and SCR
will be required for conversion for which vehicle dimensions, has to
be changed.
• Although auto companies have Euro 6 engines but there will be
some issues in getting them programmed to the Indian driving
cycle, which will need time.
• Validation issues as per Indian conditions: In BS-V, vehicles have to
be fitted with a diesel particulate filter, which needs to be
optimized for Indian road conditions. In stage VI, selective catalytic
reduction technology has to be optimized. At each stage, the
technology would have to be validated over 6 lakhs to 7 lakhs km.
Given the complexity of the process, these technologies can only be
optimized in series and not simultaneously.

21. ISSUES RELATED TO OIL
REFINERIES
• Oil refineries have to ensure that all their 75000 fuel pumps /
stations have a supply of BS VI fuel by April 1, 2020
• Technology selection will be another issue has to be taken care
of by Indian and global companies.
• Technology selection will be another issue has to be taken care
of by Indian and global companies.
• For supplying BS VI fuel, oil refiners have to bulk up their hydro-
treatment units.

22. INVESTMENT REQUIRED
• Automotive industry would need an investment of Rs. 1.5 lakh
crore in order to meet this change. The move will increase the
price of cars in India substantially.
• Oil refineries will need to invest a staggering Rs 80,000 crore in
upgrading petrol and diesel quality to meet cleaner Euro-IV/V
fuel specifications by 2020

23. AUTO COMPONENT
SUPPLIERS ISSUES
• Auto component makers will have shorter time frames to
localize design and validate performance of the SCR and
particulate filters.
• A nationwide distribution infrastructure required for SCR.

24. ADVANTAGES
OF BS VI OVER
BS IV

25. ADVANTAGES OF BS VI OVER
BS IV
• NOx emission will come down by approximately 25% for the
petrol engine and 68% for the diesel engines.
• The PM emission will see a substantial decrease of 80% in diesel
engines.
• OBD will become mandatory for every vehicle and it will help
monitor the pollution caused by the vehicle in real time.
• RDE (Real Driving Emission) will be introduced for the first time
that will measure the emission in real-world conditions and not
just under test conditions.

26. • Bharat Stage VI norms will also change the way particulate
matter is measured. It will now be measured by number
standard instead of mass standard thereby, regulating the fine
particulate matter as well.
• The reason behind making OBD mandatory is to make sure that
the emission control component work at its optimum efficiency
at all times.
• OBD port will help to detect the malfunction with the help of
the error codes sent by the malfunctioning component

27. CONCLUSION

28. CONCLUSION
• From the analysis it can be concluded that for skipping BS-V
and shifting directly to BS-VI, both of the emission reducing
technologies DPF and SCR need to be fitted in the four-
wheelers simultaneously which is a time consuming and money
consuming process but have environmental benefits associated
with it.
• Shifting directly to BS-VI within the specified time limit is a great
challenge for the automobile and oil industries in India
• The two and three wheelers will also have been fitted with
Electronic Fuel Injection system in place of the old Carburetor
system, to meet the BS-VI standards.

29. • BS-VI will also be undertaking the Particulate Matter reduction
which earlier was not considered for BS-III and BS-IV.
• The sulphur content in BS-VI fuels will be limited to only 10 ppm
which will help in reducing PM and NOx emissions
• An investment of Rs. 1.5 lakh crore by automotive industry and
Rs 80,000 crore by oil refineries has to be made for up gradation
to BS VI by 2020.
• BS-VI will therefore help in reducing the emission of harmful
contents to the atmosphere from IC engines.

30. THANK
YOU
F O R T H E O P P O R T U N I T Y G I V E N TO P R E S E N T M Y
P R E S E N TAT I O N I N F R O N T O F Y O U A L L .