Bharat Stage emission standard

1. 1-Mar-23
V N Kowshalya
Department of Chemistry
Kongu Engineering College
Perundurai

2. Emission Standards
 Emission Standards - Requirements
that set specific limit to the amount of
pollutant that can be released into the
environment.
 Focus- regulating pollutants released
by automobiles and other powered
vehicles.
Emission norms are based on Euro
standard emission norms and are
updated regularly to make vehicles
more environmental friendly and
greener.
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3. Among various sources of pollution that are deteriorating the air in India, vehicular
emission has been established as the biggest culprit. One of the steps taken by
the country towards strengthening the fight against air pollution was deciding to
implement the Bharat Stage (BS) emission norms.
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National Auto fuel policy officially
announced in 2003 is responsible
for laying roadmap for
implementation of BS emission
norms.
This policy also created guidelines
for auto fuels, reduction of
pollution from older vehicles and
R&D for air quality data creation
nad health administration.

4. Bharat stage emission
standards – (BS)
 BS emission standards instituted by
government of India to regulate the
output of air pollutants from IC engine.
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 Standards and timeline for implementation are set by Central
Pollution Control Board under the Ministry of Environment and
Forest.
 BS emission standards are based on Euro standard emission
norms.
 Current emission norm in India is BS-VI, came into play across the
country on April 2020.

5. India 2000 (BS - I emission norms)
 Launched in 2000 and is based on Euro I emission standards
 To comply with these norms, automakers made changes and adopted catalytic
converters to convert toxic gases into less harmful emission. (Ex: CO to CO2)
 Plenty of auto manufacturers were not prepared to adopt these standards
immediately.
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BS - II emission norms
 Started in 2001 and major changes started happening after the implementation
of this norms
 Initially implemented in few cities (Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai) and later
to other major cities.
 Finally these norms were implemented nationwide in 2005.
 Restriction for sulphur emission to 500 ppm.
 Automakers expected to get rid of carburetor and adopt multi point fuel
injection system.

6. BS - III emission norms
 Although initiated in 2005, made mandatory nationwide in 2010.
 Restrictions on gaseous emissions and sulphur < 100 ppm.
 Restricted amount of N2 gas and the amounts were further reduced three times
over the year.
 Used catalytic converters to heavily reduce emission levels of CO and
hydrocarbons.
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BS - IV emission norms
 Initiated in 2010 in few major cities and made mandatory nationwide by the year
2017.
 Restrictions on pollutant emissions level and sulphur < 50 ppm.
 Automakers to use bigger catalytic converters, make changes in engine control
unit and updated air intake and exhaust system to make engines run cleaner.

7. BS VI emission norms
 BS VI was earlier supposed to come in 2025 but the government decided to
leapfrog from BS IV to BS VI last year, skipping BS V as ordered by Supreme
Court in October 2018.
 Initiated in 2017 in few major cities and made mandatory nationwide on April
1, 2020.
 require the installation of particulate filters to remove particulate matter from
the vehicle exhaust
 Thus the vehicles complying with BS VI norms are cleaner as these emit
lesser sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and other toxic gases (sulphur < 10
ppm).
 on-board diagnostics (OBD) mandatory for all vehicles - OBD unit can
identify likely areas of malfunction by means of default codes stored on a
computer
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