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Bharat Jeswani,M.Sc-Interior Design (Residential portfolio)
This document provides an overview of the history and development of the interior design industry. It discusses the evolution of residential space planning from medieval times through various historical periods like Tudor, Jacobean, Baroque, and modern movements led by designers such as Walter Gropius and Frank Lloyd Wright. The document also outlines the establishment of design education institutions in India like the National Institute of Design in Ahmedabad and how the interior design industry has grown to provide specialized solutions for kitchens, bathrooms, and other residential spaces in India.
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Bharat Jeswani,M.Sc-Interior Design (Residential portfolio)
- 2. Project Report on ResidentialSpace Planning At Dezyne E’cole College, Ajmer Submitted To Dezyne E’cole College towards The partial fulfillment Of the Master of Science in Interior Designing By Bharat Kumar Jeswani Dezyne E’cole College 106/10, Civil Line, Ajmer 0145-2624679 www.dezyneecole.com 2013-2014
- 3. Dezyne E’cole College 106/10,Civil Line, Ajmer Pin:-305001, Rajasthan Tel:- 0145-2624679 Dezyne E’cole College 106/10, Civil Line, Ajmer-305001, Rajasthan Tel:- 0145-2624679 www.dezyneecole.com This Project Report of Ms./Mr. ______________________________ of Interior Design has been graded as ________________ Thanking You Principal (Seal & Signature)
- 4. Acknowledgment The Project “ResidentialSpace Planning” has enlightened me about various aspects of planning a residential building. I give my sincere thanks to Dezyne E’cole College and to my Mentors who gave me the opportunity to know about the various aspects of Residential Space Planning and helped me in preparing the project. Last but not the least thanks to God for keeping me in good health because of him I was able to submit my project on time. Bharat Kumar Jeswani M.Sc. - Interior Design
- 5. My College Profile TodayDezyne E’cole has emerged as a leader with the ability to integrate knowledge, academic freedom, critical independence and creative thinking. A history of being in existence for 6 years in Ajmer stands as a testimony to our fundamentals where academic excellence lies at the core. The college has stood as a beacon of serious critical engagement, key enabler in developing competent professionals in the field of design, management and information technology. Dezyne E’cole started in the year 2008 with only four rooms and with a strength of 10 students enrolled in the fashion and interior design Diploma Programme. In the year 2009 the school was granted Bachelor and Master’s Degree in Fashion and Interior Design by the Punjab Technical University. Further the college was given the authority by the government of Rajasthan in the year 2010 to use the word College and since then Dezyne E’cole College became the name. In the year 2011 college expanded further and was declared a regular college with the granting of authority by the university of Ajmer. This led to the expansion of college and addition of two more courses with Dezyne E’cole, the Department of Administration(BBA), and Information Technology leading to award of Bachelors Degree in Computer Application was added. From then until now. Dezyne E’cole has scaled high academic standards. The faculty resource of the college has grown into a community of leading practioners, education enthusiasts, entrepreneurs, creative thinkers, researchers, and analysis, Invigorating through leadership, research stimulus, industry focus, creative enterprise and peer learning have reinforced the colleges academic bedrock. Fostering a new generation of creative thinkers, today the college is empowered to award Degrees in Undergraduate, Postgraduate studies in the field of Fashion, Interior, Management and Information Technology. Articulating the ideology of world class learning practices, the college has been committed to academic excellence in education.
- 6. Contents 1. Interior DesignIndustry 2. The work of Interior Designer 3. Residential Design 4. Skill Set 5. Planning Consideration 6. Case Study 7. Climatology 8. Green Homes 9. Building Envelope 10.Rain Water Harvesting 11.Solar Energy 12.Building Orientation 13.Daylighting 14.Ventilation 15.Bye laws 16.Anthropometics & Ergonomics 17.Design Process 18.Space Planning of Studio Apartment 19.Architectural Layouts 20.Colonial Interior Design 21.Studio Apartment as per Anthropometics & Ergonomics 22.Space Planning of Bedroom, Bathroom and Shower Enclosure 23.Design Development 24.Work on Plan of Another Studio Apartment 25.My Assignment 26.Bibilography
- 7. Interior Design Industry Ahouse is a place where a person behaves in his natural form and is mainly for providing shelter. Since prehistoric times, human beings looked for shelter, For Example, The Caves or the meticulously Planned Towns of Mohenjo-Daro Harappa. To the present day houses which have grown up more luxurious and beautiful. For a man’s house is his castle, wrote Sir Edward Coke. This sentence was coined by him in the 17th century and since then we have a beautiful heritage of something known as a Period House, starting from or beginning with the Tudor and the Jacobean Style from the year 1485 to 1625. This period let towards the development of Sophisticated Structure and Classicized Decoration. This period saw the development of the increased specialization of how a room functions within a house. In the middle ages, the king would live in one big room where he would eat, sleep and conduct affairs of state. Fabric Hangings was considered inappropriate for the rooms in which people ate, as they tended to retain the smell of the food. During this time Timber, Bricks and Stones were used. The stone houses had less decoration than the timber one’s, as stone was more difficult and expensive to carve. During this period the Bay Window came into being along with the Oriel Windows. People used built in furniture during this time. The Tudor and Jacobean Period were followed by Baroque Period (1625-1714). This period had the development of Courtly Style; this style had the development of rooms as basement, the Piano Nobile (main reception floor) and Attic (top floor). The Piano Nobile had pediment windows and at very high height. It was the area where the ceremonial works taken up. This period had grand carved entrance with the use of acanthus leaves and bulging fruits. This time period had the designs created by famous artist Michelangelo. This period was followed by Early Georgian, Colonial, British Victorian, Edwardian, Art Noveau, the Modern Movement played an important role in the design industry with designers like Walter Gropius, Le Corbusier, Louis Kahn and Frank Lloyd Wright. Their contribution lead to meticulously designed houses with proper planning and consideration to functionality with well-developed clean uncluttered spaces, electrical wiring buried in the structure along with the proper plumbing and water disposal. Metal Windows with large glass panes, health, hygienic and efficient homes were developed. Sullivan’s disciple Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), designed buildings which relied more on spaces and form. This kind of design made the great impression on Walter Gropius (1183-1969), Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe (1886- 1969). The defined the doctrine of Modernism in the 1920’s.
- 8. Louis Kahn cameup with the idea of design development of Interior spaces focusing more on served and servant spaces. He believed that the served space should have the servant areas near to it so that the functionality of the room increases. For example: - The Living room is having the servant areas as kitchens and toilets. This concept of his along with the other ideas has been popular till today. After the World War II, In 1940 rational planning and economy were combined with high standards of mechanical services in housing project where the designers were more concerned with how a building perform than whether it look modern. The modern movement sought to eliminate extra detailing and focused more on simplicity with the advancement of prefabricated materials like plywood, glass and other materials developed a design area where more of fresh air and maximum sunlight were prerequisite. One of the best characteristic which developed in the first phase of Modernism was the elimination of the patterns and textures on walls. People used smooth plaster, glass brick and room dividers in apartments with open plan layout. All this required a development of well-educated work force that could support the interior design industry and this lead to the development from the Indian Government to take interest in the design field. The Indian Government has formulated a body known as Indian Design Council which plays an important Design Council at IIT Mumbai in the year 1969 for initiating the Post Graduate Program in Industrial Design. But prior to setting industrial design education the development of art and design in India developed in the year 1840. The first art school Known as the Bombay Art School (1857) now known as Sir JJ School of Arts, the college of Arts Calcutta catered to the Indian Design Development. In the Year 1913 Kala Bhawan, the Art College was setup as part of Shanti Niketan by the Tagore family. Not only this, in the year 1922 Rabindranath Tagore met Walter Gropius and invited him for an exhibition to India. In 1958, the Government of India invited Charles and Ray Eames to train the small industries to develop the craft and small scale industry which resulted in the development of India. Design Report. In the year 1960, based on the Report of Charles and Ray Eames, the Government of India setup the National Institute of Design (NID, Ahmedabad). In 1987 the Ministry of Textiles setup the National Institute of Fashion Technology in Delhi (NIFT). In the year 1997, the full-fledged department of design with Bachelor in Design, Master in Design and the Doctoral Degrees came up at IIT, Mumbai. Form the year 1999 the private design schools along with the state universities started developing students with the formal design education.
- 9. We would seethe development of a specialized market being developed for the customers like Bathroom solutions, Kitchen solutions, Bedroom and Closet Design Solutions. These solutions provided by the Industries are not tailor made. To make the design as per the Indian Client the Interior Designer has to study the Indian Environment, the Client, his Needs, Budget and then device a design which is customer friendly at the same time functional as per the Indian needs. After all house is a place where by the end of the client should be able to relax and be fresh. It is not a zone to be developed to show off the neighbours. This project report showcased my project based on Hypothetical client, requirements in the section of residential design. Today many of the interior design companies has entered the Indian market providing specialize designs. For example – Kohler, Duravit, Hacker, etc. These companies are developing solutions for customers whom are attractive & easy to install but these solutions provided by these companies are not tailor made. To make the design as per the Indian client, the Interior Designer has to study the indian environment, climeate, the client, his need, budget & then device a design, which is customer friendly, at the same time functional, as per the indian needs. The project report showcases my idea of design as per the indian cleint’s requirements in the section of residential design category.
- 10. The Work ofInterior Designer 1. Interior designer is a practice of bringing in best visual appeal the best utilization of a space keeping the clients views and needs in mind. 2. The work of interior designer is manipulation of spaces keeping in mind the orientation of the building, building envelope. 3. Emphasis on planning. 4. Making a green building so as it can contribute to the environment. 5. Create spaces which means machines for living said by LE CORBUSIER (the person behind designing the city of Chandigarh). 6. Connecting between the spaces, spaces which increases the efficiency of a human being. 7. Focuses on working drawings, specification, orthographic projections, axonometric view and perspective drawings etc.
- 11. Residential Design Residential Design: Residential Design is made by two words first is Residential and second is Design. The meaning of Residential is the place where we are living, it is a space where a person take rest and repose after a day’s hard work and wants to be charged, fresh, confident for the next day. The meaning of Design is the creation of a plan for the construction of an object. The constructed plan must also design as per style and need of the clients. In short to design a house as per the specific style is Residential Design. In earlier times, the designing was done by painters like Michelangelo who worked with Golden mean but human dimensions were not considered. Then later designers worked on the Principal of anthropometrics (human dimensions) and ergonomics (study of human dimensions to create any design) of which they got idea from furniture designing. A Quote by a Scottish Architect, Darcy Braddell attempted, in his 1932 book “How to Look at Buildings,” to help people understand why some building seem to “feel right” while other do not. He felt that proper and considered proportions were much more important than anything else. Further, he held that “every part must make up a whole that no one thing is beautiful in itself, that restraint is superior to excess and that selection is the key to design.” In interior design of spaces “where a man does not adjust the houe but house adjust with the person” very correctly said by a very well known designer of the world “Le Corbusier” (the person behind designing the city of Chandigarh), machine for living. At the the time of planning we should focus on the principles of the Design and planning consideration like aspect, prospect, grouping and spae planning, servant area, watcher, worker, loner, follower, and leader etc. A bedroom is a loner because a person needs to relax and it is a private room in which privacy is consider. A living room is a place which is called as a watcher because it is based on a human nature that people like to watch or be close to certain indidence. A kitchen is called as worker because it work for human as a worker. Said by Louis Kahn.
- 12. Skill Set The designingis start by a Design Process. There are four steps in Design Process. These are as follows: (1) Commitment (2) Design Brief & Design Statement (3) Collect (4) Analysis Commitment is a stage where is a agreement between Client and Interior Designer is done to process with the work. Design Statement made by Interior designer to outline the needs related to design problem. Designing start with collection of information by the help of various methods like Interview Notes, Observation, Users Questioner, Literature Search, Client Records, Activities and many more. After collection of mandatory information we will do analysis and brain storming in our design. The collection of information from the client help us “what to give” in the design and Analysis on that information help us “how to give” in the design. In Building a house there are many aspects of design that needs to be considered but the essence of every home is that the structure/body must belong to the site and its soul must embody the family that lives within its four walls. “Design is not so much about form and space, as it is about people and situation, so the ultimate aim is not to design a good building but to design a good situation, and the good building is just an instrument for that purpose.” Design must Aesthetic as well as Functional. To enrich my knowledge skills in my Master’s Program and Diploma Program I studied several subject and topics as stated below. The Building Construction includes the components of a building namely the foundation which is the lowest part of a structure which provide a base for the super structure proper. I also studied about the Purpose of Foundation, Site Exploration, Bearing Capacity of the Soil, Types of Foundation etc. Foundation Deep Foundation Shallow Foundation
- 13. Construction of theFoundation I also studied the various types of Foundation. I make type of Shallow foundation. Wall Footings Reinforced Concrete Footing Inverted Arch Footing
- 14. Column Footing These arethe types of Shallow Foundation. Shallow Foundation are divided in four types. The types are (1) Wall Footing (2) Reinforced Concrete Footing (3) Inverted Arch Footing (4) Column Footing. I have also studied about the Plinth, the portion of the building between the ground surrounding the building and top of the floor immediately above the ground. The level of the ground floor of the building is known as Plinth level. The built up covered area measured at the floor level is termed as Plinth Area. Plinth Level
- 15. There are manytechnical terms which are belonging to a Wall. I make a Wall in which all technical terms which belongs to a wall is explain by this diagram. Technical term of Wall
- 16. I have alsostudied about the walls which are broadly divided in two types which are as follows: Wall Load bearing wall Non load bearing wall A Load bearing wall supports its own weight as well as the super imposed loads transferred to it. A non-load bearing wall carries its own weight and is not designed to carry any super imposed load from the structure. A load bearing wall is thick as compare to a non-load bearing wall. There must be a different between two Columns as per thickness of pillers and constructed space.
- 17. Walls can alsobe the Cavity walls which act as Thermal Insulation as well as the Sound Insulation. Cavity wall consists of two walls with a 5 cm. to 8 cm. cavity between them. The outer wall is also known as Outer leaf, consists of a 10 cm. thick wall and the inner wall is sufficiently thick and strong to carry the imposed load safely. The minimum thickness of the inner wall is restricted to 10 cm. .
- 18. Brick work strengthedby introduction of mild steel flats, hoop iron, expanded mesh or bars is termed as Reinforced brickwork. This type of masonry is capable of resisting both compressive as well as tensile and shear stress. Reinforcement brick work is very strong and durable.
- 19. A Parapet isa berrier which is an extension of the wall at the edge of a roof, terrace, balcony, walkway or other structure. A parapet wall is capable to protect the rest of wall. In the Building Construction I have also studied about the Brick Masorny, Stone Masorny, Doors and Windows, Lintel, Arches and Stairs. Technical term of Arch
- 20. I also studiedabout Water Distribution System. There are two type of Water Distribution System which are as follows: (1) Direct System (2)Indirect Syste Direct Water Distributiion System In direct system also known as upward distribution system, the supply of water is given to various floors in a building directly from the mains which has sufficient pressure to feed all the floor and water fitting at the highest part of the building. Indirect Water Distributiion System In indirect system also known as down take supply or downfall distribution system, the water supply from the mains may be drawn either by (1) Feeding water directly into the overhead storage tank provided at roof of the building from where the water is supplied to different floors by gravity or (2) Feeding the water iinto a underground water storage tank. The water from the underground tank is pumped to overhead storage tank from where the water is supplied by gravity.
- 21. I also studiedabout the Element and Principle of Design. Element of Design: Principles of Design: 1.Point 1.Scale 2.Line 2.Proportion 3.Shape 3.Balance 4.Form 4.Rhythm 5.Colour 5.Harmony 6.Texture 6.Repetition 7.Movement 7.Gradation 8.Pattern 8.Radiation 9.Emphasis 10.Unity
- 22. I also studiedabout the Principles of Planning. Principles of Planning: 1.Aspect 2.Prospect 3.Grouping 4.Privacy 5.Furniture requirement 6.Roominess 7.Circulation 8.Sanitation 9 Elegance 10.Flexibility 11.Economy I studied the basic possibilities for grouping two or more forms are by: Face to Face Contact Edge to Edge Contact
- 23. Vertex to VertexContact Interlocking Volumes I studied the organisation of space such as space within a space, Interlocking space, Adjacent space and spaces linked by a common space. I also studied the plane such as Base plane, Elevated base plan and Depressed base plane. Base Plane Elevated Base Plane Depressed Base Plane I studied about the various Approachs such as: Frontal Approach Oblique Approach Spiral Approach
- 24. In Landscaping, Ihave studied how a good landscaping can give many advantages to the users. By landscaping we can attract rainfall, habitat to wildlife, help in pollination, control 6 to 8 degree trempeture, increase ground water table, photosynthesis(food development process), create clean environment(give us fresh oxygen) and many more. A good landscaping can give a good visual appeal to the environment and relaxes a person and in turn contributes towards to the building of the green homes. I do a market survey at Nurseries in Puskar(Ajmer) like Maa Durga Green Gold Nursery, Kamal Nursery, Shree Govind Nursery and Pandey Nursery. I get the knowledge: Indoor Outdoor Ornamental plants : Ornamental plants are grown for the display of their flowers. The purpose of ornamental plant is the enjoyment of users and visitors. Ornamental plants such as Dafen Toffikrishna, Green kevda, Rubber plant, Silver uka, Ficus Prestiage, Iranthimam gold, Draseniya Hahahma and many more. Ficus Prestiage Draseniya Hahahma Dafen Toffikrishna Fruit Plant and Tree : These plant are famous for food. Fruit plant such as Kashmiri apple, Amrud deshi, Desi anar, Desi nariyal. Amrud keji, Falsa desi, Jamun, Kalmi nimbu and manymore. Kalmi Nimbu Desi Anar Kashmiri Apple
- 25. Grass : Thereare Natural as well as Artificial grass. Grasss such as Corion carpet lawn, Mexigan lawan, Artificial tuft and many more. Artificial Tuft Corion Carpet Lawn Flowering Plants : Flowering plants are enhance the beauty of our garden. They create a good aesthetic view. Flowering plants such as Aralia, Adinium Obisium, Bougainvillea, Cape Honeysuckle, Frangipani Pink and many more. Adinium Obisium Cape Honeysuckle Frangipani Pink Ayurvedic Aushdh i: There are Herbal medicinal plant which have Ayurvedic important such as Aloe Vera, Ashwagandha, Amaltas, Safed musli, Mosri and many more. Aloe Vera Arjun Tree Ashwagandha
- 26. Palm Tree andPlant : There are many type of Palm tree such as Chinese Palm, Africa Palm, Champion Palm, Bottele Palm, Fishtail Palm, Rafix Palm,Cicus Palm, Ded Palm, Jamia Palm, Foxtel Palm, Nolina Palm, Kentina Palm and many more. Africa Palm Chinese Palm Fishtail Palm Champion Palm Shrubs & Hedges : There are many types of Shrubs & Hedges which can be use in the landscaping area. I get knowledge of shrubs and hedges like Hortitopia, Arborvitea, Fishy plant, Blackberry shrub and many more. Blackberry(shrub) Hortitopia Arborvtea Fishy Plant In History of Furniture, I studied the various time period of Furniture style such as Gothic, Rococo, Baroque, Art Noveau, Renaissance, Neoclassical, Eclectic, Arts & Craft, Art Deco etc. The history of furniture help us to make a design as per that style and furniture of that time period. Estimation & Costing: Estimation is the process of finding an estimate or approximate value which helps us to find out the probable cost of the project and also helps to make provisions for the budget before hand. It also help to making tenders and controlIing the expenditures during the execution of the work. I have studied about the Estimation, Type of Estimation, Purpose of Estimation and many more. Sculpture and Modeling: Sculpture include any work in three dimension. It is an art of forming representation by Chiselling, Casting, Carving or Modelling which may consider as moder or statue. I have studied Sculpture, Type of Sculpture, Which material used for sculpture and many more. I also learnt how to use sculpture in the design.
- 27. Colour & Lightingin Interior: I have studied Light, Behaviour of Light, Colour, Source, Type of Luminaries, Type of Light, Wiring System, Lighting Quality and many more. In Interior Furnishing, I studied Floor furnishing, Wall furnishing, Upholestary, Accessories, Fibres for Carpet & Rugs, Window treatment, Wood & wood product, Curtain and many more. By study of floor furnishing and wall furnishing, I get the knowledge of material(which apply in floor and wall of house), by study of upholestary and fabrics, we should create a maintainance friendly design, and get knowledge other also like Window treatment, Accessories and many more. Grass Paver Pebble SCG Smartwood Wall Tile Design Studio: I have learnt to working on Armstrong and Matrix scale of Orthographic Projection, One point perspective view, Two point perspective view, many more. One point perspective view Two point perspective view
- 28. Planning Consideration To designany residential area, proper planning and brain storming needs to be done. The planning phase of a residence is the most important phase because this leads to the development of the structures of the house based on the shape and form chosen. The residence design should be planned based on the needs of the person extent similar. When we see magazines and books showcasing beautiful images of decorated rooms, a person feels happy to see them. But Interior Designing is not so easy like the attractive image of the book. The design has to be functional so that the person can feel the space, express him and at the same time enjoy a space. In India we have a climate which is hot and dry throughout the year and the sun shines brilliantly the whole year with winter months being less. It is in this surrounding that a residence of a person would exist. To device a proper interior design one must see the outside building envelope along with the interior space so that we can achieve the client requirements. A room which is more sun filled makes a person happy than a space which is dull and dark. It is seen that the spaces with less light (natural light) suffer from a condition known as SAD, Seasonal Affective Disorder, characterized by depression, lethargies, fatigue and other symptoms. Studies show students do better when the classes are held in natural light such is the power of sun. I have here utilized more of daylight factor while planning. As I said earlier in India the climate is dry and humid at times throughout the year and the house is enveloped by these factors, so my main consideration of the project has been followed keeping into mind the climatology of the place. My Client’s house is situated in Mumbai and to device a proper Interior design I began with the factor of climate of this place. All buildings exert direct & indirect influence on the people who use the building as well as the ones who see the building. (1)Direct Influence(who use the building) (2) Indirect Influence(who see the building from outside) Every human being has a different personality that consists of one or more charactersties. Their personalities react differently in different environments or with different people. Consider a space as a person. Every space has its own personality with several spatial characters that differ by project. These character cause the space interact with other spaces in a certain manner. These characteristies can be categorized as several expression of human behavior. Louis Kahn give the name of personality to every space as their charateristies
- 29. Leader & Following:A person with leader quality attracts people to follow. As the term, the space with a “Leading” character gathers space that relates to it(Following) and forms a group. The Following space only follows the space with Leading character. As in an Architectural firm, for example, the relationship between Principals office and design studio could be leading-following relationship. Design studio are responsible for different project. However the principals office or manager office does not always play the leading role, this depends on different projects or different designers’s concept. As in a bank, a waiting area could play a leading character that is followed by ATM area. Spatial character diagram of Leading and Following Grouping : People gather for certain purpose, same objective, interest or goal, By copying the charactersties the spaces that carry the same “Grouping” character gather as a group. These spaces are related to each other using the previous example, the Architecture firm, design studio prefer to be together for project discussion, as well as, with staff conference room. Spatial character diagram of Grouping Loner : This character affects the space distance from groups from a person who prefer more privacy and avoids social conversations and stays away from the crowd.In a residential project some clients may prefer more privacy for their maste bedroom. In this case the loner can keep a distance away from certain spaces – living room, dining room or even other bedrooms. Spatial character diagram of Loner
- 30. Servant : Aspace that serves other spaces in some way that needs to adjacent to them but prefers not to appeal usually which is in reality. Servant needs to be near to the maser while staying out of sight. Example – a rest room plays a servant characher in many projects. People need at times rest rooms but prefer to be out of sight. Spatial character diagram of Servant Watcher : This characher causes a space to locate inside the boundary of the project for attractions in the environment. It is based on human nature that people like to watch or be close to certain incidence. The attraction can be like different environmental condition view such as parks, lake, parking area. This charcher is useful for many spaces like a waiting space, café coffee day, dining space and manager office. Spatial character diagram of Watcher
- 31. Out reaching :The space with this character locted near the entrance or corridor for many activities that relate to out reaching. This type of space represents an outgoing or a sociable behavior like human that can represent a welcome space or gathering space for a building a living room for a residential building, a lobby for office building, a waiting area for bank. Spatial character diagram of Outreaching Worker : A space that offers supplies to other spaces it is not necessary for the space with this character to be adjacent to other spaces, but it needs to be near second entrance or service entrance. The difference between servant and worker is that the servant does not need to be adjacent to any entrance a service area usually have a worker character in several building. Spatial character diagram of Worker
- 32. Spatial character fordifferent Building type Residential Architectural Firm Bank Theater Leading Living Room Principle’s Office Waiting space Lobby, Theater space Following Dining Room Design Studio, Secretary Office Tellers, ATM, Personal banking Vestibule, coat closet, restroom Grouping Bedroom Design Studio, Computer room, staff conference room Teller’s office personal banking Galleries Loner Master Bedroom Storage room Manager’s Office, Vault -------------------------- Watcher Living Room, Bedroom, Master bedroom Principle’s Office Waiting space, Manager’s Office, Lunch room Café Outreaching Living Room Lobby, client conference room Waiting space, ATM, Community room Ticket vestibule, Lobby Servant Bathroom Restroom, lounge, material room, Library Restroom, Training room, Conference room, Lunch Room Restroom, Coal closet, Backstage, Dressing Room Worker Kitchen Mechanical room, Garage, Service area Storage, Telecom room Supply storage, Mechanical room
- 33. Case Study The casestudy given to me is: We are suppose to design for an Interior Designer, who has 10 year of working as an entreprenur. His office is located in porced locality of Mumbai. He is in the age group of 35 years and design more of residential spaces. You are supposed to design the residence of this Interior Designer who state in a Studio Apartment. The space given for the construction is 21’6”X21’6”. I make a Client Profile: Household Member: Client(Single) Name : Mr. Rajesh Jain Age : 35 years Sex : Male Profession : Interior Designer
- 34. Climatology Climatology : Climatology isthe branch of since which deals with the climate and the change through the year and the weather. My client site is situated at Miraroad East in Mumbai Climatology is a important factor which keep in mind at the time of planning. The Design, execution and success of a project mainly depends on the environmental factors enclosing the building and affecting its internal and external environment as well as the inhabitants. Macro Climate : Location of India : The location of India in the world is “South-West Direction” Longitude of India : 88°E to 98°E Latitude of India : 8°N to 37°N Climate of India : The whold India has a tropical monsoon climate, since the greater part of the country lies within the trophies, and the climate is influenced by the monsoons.
- 35. Location of Maharastrain India: Location of Maharashtra in the India has Western direction. Climate and Temperature of Maharastra : Maharashtra has typical monsoon climate, with hot, rainy and cold weather seasons. The winter in January and February is followed by summer between March and May and the monsoon season between June and September. Summers are extreme with March, April and May with the hottest months. During April and May thunderstorms are common all over the state. Temperature varies between 22 °C-39 °C during this season. Rainfall starts normally in the first week of June. July is the wettest month in Maharashtra, while August too gets substantial rain. Monsoon starts its retreat with the coming of September from the state. Winter season is Cool dry spell, with clear skies gentle breeze and pleasant weather prevails from November to February. But the eastern part of Maharashtra sometimes receives some rainfall. Temperature varies between 12 °C-34 °C during this season. Climate and Temperature of Mumbai : The Climate of Mumbai is a tropical wet and dry climate. Mumbai’s climate can be best described as moderately hot with high level of humidity. The mean maximum average temperatures in about 32 °C (90 °F) in summer and 30 °C (86 °F) in winter, while the average minimums are 25 °C (77 °F) in summer and 20.5 °C (68.9 °F) in winter. Mumbai experiences four distinct seasons: Winter (December–Feb); Summer (March–May); Monsoon (June–Sep); and Post-Monsoon (Oct–Dec). Longitude of Mumbai : 72° 54’ E Latitude of Mumbai : 18° 55’ N
- 36. Mumbai in Maharashtra: Direction of Site : Direction of Site is South-East. Micro Climate : A part from this micro climate which is in our control which we can change according to the place. For example; If south direction is zone from where wind prevails or which is the direction of wind then if the water body is situated in south, the wind entering in the house will be cool. Beside this, we can see the micro climate can be changed by landscaping because when the raise of sunlight radiate the light & in a very little quantity it brings out the neat back there for it makes the place less hot. Many trees are planted in the south west direction because they are helpful to bring down the speed of western wind. West wind blow very fast & trees are act like which brings the speed down. Trees are planted in south so that they protect our building from the direct sunlight. Having all these planning in my consideration I added water body at south direction in my plan. Landscaping is done very well in my plan. Landscape can control 6 to 8 degree of tremperature.
- 37. Location of Site: Landmark near to Site : (1) Corporation Bank : Corporation Bank is situated near to Miraroad East, Mumbai. The address of Corporation Bank is “Corporation Bank, Naya nagar, Miraroad, Mumbai. (2) Donimo’s Pizza : Domino’s pizza in Miraroad East, Mumbai. Landmark near is also Kanakia Police Station. (3) Hotel Sai Place : Hotel Sai place is also situated in Miraroad East.
- 38. Green Home Green Home: A green home is a type of house useless area is designed to be environmentally friendly and sustainable. The common objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by: Efficiently using energy(solar energy), water(Rain water harvesting) and other resources Protecting occupant health and improving employeed productivity Reducing waste and pollution Green homes consume less amount of energy by using natural light and ventilation. So that, the heat produce from the house is less and it may not harm the environment. Rain Water Harvesting : By using the system of Rain Water Harvesting we can secure water from railfall. Rain water harvesting is a technique used for collecting, storing and using rainwater for landscape irrigation and other uses. Solar Energy : The whole structure will have solar energy to be utilized as the main source of energy to reduce electricity costs. Proper Ventilation : Maximum of daylight will be taken inside to provide proper vision, reduce damping problems as well as enable good and needed vision. Proper ventilation is created by proper space and location of windows, door, ventilation.
- 39. Sustainable Design :Use of material which are not harmful for the environment. Material contribute to the nature as we can use them for longer durations. Sustainable design attempts to reduce the collective environmental impacts during the production of building components, during the construction process, as well as during the lifecycle of the building. It is our duty to use sustainable material in construction so house contribute to environment. LEED : LEED Certification has to be considered to ensure that the building in contribution to the environment. The fullform of LEED is Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. Sloped Roof : In green home, we should use sloped roof because there are many advantage of slope roof which are as follows: Proper Daylighting Proper Ventilation Rain Water Harvesting for personal use and increase the ground water table Terrace Garden : By the help of terrace garden we also contribute to nature. Landscaping is very important for green homes. We can create the landscape features in the terrace garden.
- 40. Building Envelope The buildingenvelope is the physical separator between the interior and the exterior environments of the building. Another emerging term is “Building Enclosure”. It serves as the outer shell to help maintain the indoor environment and facilitate its climate control. The many functions of the building envelope can be separated into three categories: Support(to resist and transfer mechanical loads) Control(the flow of matter and energy of all types) Finish(to meet human desires on the inside and outside) In above photo, The building envelope is affected by Rain, Wind, and Sun. It is our responsibility to secure the building envelope from environmental problems. In building envelope including the foundation, roof, wall, window and also include physical protection from weather climate. The building envelope is focus on the controllable factors that are rain control, air control, and trempeture control.
- 41. My client houseis located in Mumbai at Miraroad. The site is located in north direction of Mumbai. The building envelope is a tall 10 stories of flats towards north east as maya bhawan, towards the south west another building, which has commercial in nature and as 4 stories towards the south. We have a lane towards south west direction too. Comparatively a narrow lane where motorbikes can enter. On the back side of plot towards North West. Today world face a world problem i.e. Golbal Warming. The effect of Global Warming which face are as follows: Glacier are increasingly declined Increase Sea water level / Decrease ground water level Mansoon is not come at time Incresing of Trempeture We should make a house which contribute to nature. I do analysis how to control the environmental problems and global warming effect on the building. It is my responsibility to follow some point while planning and designing a layout which are as follows: Rain Water Harveshting Solar Energy and air control Heat insulated material like Landscaping, Cavity Wall, low-emissivity glass etc. Earthing System Many other modern features
- 42. Rain Water Harvesting RainWater Harvesting: It is also another important factor of building envelope. Landscaping, Waterbody, heat insulated material, cavity wall are use to control air and heat. Rain water harvesting is a technique used for collecting, storing and using rainwater for landscape irrigation and other uses. Storage tank above Ground
- 43. Storage tank belowGround Slanted Roof(for Rain Water) Water Tank(for Rain Water)
- 44. Solar Energy Solar Energy: The Sun’s energy is absorbed in a semiconductor material, usually silicon, which is sliced and sandwiched super thin inside each Photovoltaic (PV) solar panel. The absorption of the energy from the sun causes electrons to be “knocked free” from the silicon, where the electric field of the PV panel causes these electrons to flow along the panels wires in a planned direction, thereby creating an electric current. This process produces Direct Current electricity (DC) and since we use Alternate Current (AC) the other parts of a solar system address the transferring of the electricity from DC to AC current. Thermal Insulation : When there is difference in temperature of inside of a building and outside atmosphere, heat transfer takes place from areas of higher temperature to those of lower temperature. In hot regions, when the buildings are internally cooled and the outside atmosphere is unbearably warm, it is essential to check the entry of heat from outside into the building. The aim of thermal insulation is to minimize the transfer of heat between outside and inside of the building. For thermal insulation we need to install Cavity wall in the exterior of the building, we should use thermal insulated material like Low emissivity glass and many other materials. Fire Resistance : The house should be fire proof. We should give such material which are fire resistance. Fire protection requirements like Fire proof door, Emergency Alarm System, Fire pump, Fire lift and many more.
- 45. Building Orientation Building Orientation: Design for orientation is a fundamental step to ensure that buildings work with the passage of the sun across the sky. Knowledge of sunpaths for any site is fundamental in design building facades to let in light and passive solar gain, as well as reducing glare and overheating to the building interior. Orientation to Sun and Wind : The orientation of the building on site is very important to achieve reduced heat gain and improved wind circulation and ventilation. The major openings in the building envelope should be placed on the North while the south face should be adequately protected from heat gain by using shading devices or vegetation. Prevailing wind direction should be taken into consideration while deciding the position and size of the opening to ensure proper cross ventilation. This can go a long way in improving comfort conditions with the buildings. It is important to remember that the position of the sun in the sky is dynamic, changing according to time of day, time of year and the site’s latitude.
- 46. Importance of Orientation: The building orientation can have a impact on heating, lighting and colling costs. By maximum southern exposure for Example one can take advantage of optimal advantage of the sun for daylight and passive solar heating this will result in lower pooling cost by minimizing western were it is most difficult to provide shade from the sun the designer must consider all factors and site condition on, building orientation for example a building might have to take heed of multiple orientation factors depending on function requirement designing for pooling load or heating load. To take advantage of north may be oriented along a east west excess but this may be counter to street lines and other side consideration, orientation of the building entrance may have 2 respect street access activities and local urban design guidelines. East and west window orientation and horizontal orientation all result in more heat grain in the summer than glare is also more difficult to control for comfort because of law son angels in early moving and late afternoon. Why consider building orientation : Well-orientated buildings maximise day lighting through building facades reducing the need for artificial lighting. Some typologies especially housing can be zoned to ensure different functional uses receive sunlight at different times of the day. Building that maximise sunlight are ideal for the incorporation of passive solar collection techniques that can reduce carbon use and enhance user comfort. A careful strategy can also mitigate overheating and glare when sunlight is excessive. You should know how the sun interacts with your building in high summer and the depths of winter.
- 47. Daylighting Light : Lightis a form of energy manifesting itself as electromagnetic radiation and is closely related to other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as radio waves, radar. Microwaves, infrared and ultraviolet radiation and X-rays. Light are divided in two types which are as follows: (1) Daylight (2) Artificial Light Daylight : Light is the most important element in any building. Daylighting is the controlled admission of natural light into a space through windows to reduce or eliminate electric lighting. Daylighting helps create a visually stimulating and productive environment for building occupants, while reducing as much as one-third of total building energy costs. The most important aspect of daylighting is its capacity to change, leading to the infinite variety in appearance of daylight interior. The importance of orientation must be considered in a building to ensure maximum availability of natural light and sunlight to the interiors. Day lighting is the practice of placing windows or other openings and reflective surfaces so that during the day natural light provides effective internal lighting. Particular attention is given to day lighting. While designing a building when the aim is to maximize visual comfort or to reduce energy use. Energy saving can be achieved either from the reduced use of artificial be reduces by simply installing fewer electric lights automatically in response to the presence of day lighting, a process known as day lightin
- 48. Daylighting at differenttime : I make an assignment in which I see the daylighting at different time in the month of July. Daylight At 04:30 A.M. Daylight At 08:00 A.M. Daylight At 10:00 A.M. Daylight At 12:00 P.M. Daylight At 02:00 P.M. Daylight At 05:00 P.M.
- 49. Daylighting through Window: I make an assignment in which I see the daylighting effect create by use of Corner Window, Horizontal Window and Vertical Window. . Daylight through Corner Window At 10 A.M. . Daylight through Corner Window At 12 P.M. . Daylight through Verical Window . Daylight through Horizontal Window
- 50. Ventilation Ventilation provides coolingby using air to carry heat away from the building. Air movement may be induced either by natural forces(wind and stack effect) or mechanical power. In natural ventilation, it refers to the flow of external air to an indoor space as a result of pressure or temperature differences. There are two types of natural ventilation occurring in buildings : wind driven ventilation and stack ventilation. While wind is the main mechanism of wind driven ventilation. Mechanical ventilation is also known as Artificial Ventilation. Air moves from high pressure regions to low pressure ones. When the outside air temperature is lower than the inside air temperature, building ventilation can exhaust internal heat gains or solar heat gain during the day and cool air during the night if required. Indoor air movement enhances the convective exchange at skin surface and increase the rate of evaporation of moisture from the skin. Evaporation is a very powerful mechanism for cooling which may bring a feeling of comfort to the occupants under hot conditions. The rate of air flow through thebuilding will be affected by location, sizing and air flow characteristics of theopenings(wing walls, louvers, overhangs can be used to direct summer wind flow into the interior), the effect of indoor obstacles to air movement, the effects of the external shaps of the building in relation to wind direction, etc. The total airflow normally depends on a combination of buoyancy and wind pressure differences, and is affected by the size and location of openings. Proper placement of openings along with the use of wing walls can greatly enhance the effect of ventilation by increasing wind pressure differences and consequently air velocity within the space.
- 51. Bye Laws (1) Allmandatory Plan regulations regarding use, land use, coverage, set-back and open space. The minimum set backs to be leaf in a building should be from front is 10’ both the sides and back 3 ‘to 5’. (2) Number of Stories and Number of Dwelling units. (3) Parking Standards, Lighting and Ventilation of Room (4) Distances from Electric Lines and Structral safety requirement. (5) Size and height of Room and other requirement of the Building (6) Fire protection requirements like Fire proof door, Emergency Alarm System, Fire pump, Fire lift and Fire resistance materials. (7) Building services which include electrical installations, air conditioning, heating and plumbing system etc. To follow Building Bye Laws, we can make a building which have proper ventilation, good daylighting, air circulation, open space and many other advantage. Set Backs
- 52. Anthropometics & Ergonomics Anthropometrics: Anthropometics word come from Greek. Anthropo mean “man” metics & metron mean is “measure”. It short the measurement of the human individual. The study of the human body and its movement, often involving research into measurements relating to people. Today, anthropometics plays an important role in industrial design, ergonomics and architecture where statistical data about the body dimensions are used to comfort the human being. The collecting statistics or measurements relevant to the human body, called Anthropometric Data. Ergonomics : When anthropometric data (measurements / statistics) is applied to a product, e.g. measurements of the hand are used to design the shape and size of a handle, this is ergonomics. Anthropometrics and Ergonomics are very useful for space planning. These data are useful to make a design which is comfortable for the users. I also followed human dimension in Studio Apartment space planning.
- 53. Design Process There arefour steps in Design Process. (1) Commitment : Commitment is a stage where is a agreement between Designer and Client is done to proceed witTh the work. Here the details of work to be done by the designer is mentioned alongwith the payment plan. This agreement is made in two copies one for the Designer and another is for the Client. (2) State : The designer prepare is a design statement is also called the design brief. This scribing in a particular circumstances which create need. The design brief outline the needs related to Design Problem(Need of Client). (3) Collect : The next step is the collection of information relating the existing circumstances of a project. It is very important for Interior Designer to understand the exact requirement of the client and they all should be in a written format. It is very important to mension here the available time and budget of the client like collect every small detail, color, preferences, materials choices, his ideas etc. The various method of collecting dara are : Interview Notes Observation User Question Literature Search Client Records Activities Relationshps Problem Issues (4) Analysis : The four stage design analysis How the house should feel, envirmental architectural and energy saving zones, rain water havesting. We have to first play attention to whether we have work with existing structure and material, opportunities of orientation of sun. How to increase the performance of the building in a better manner. How to meet with the ways so that the existing property can be more better utilize.
- 54. Requirements & Needs Tofollow the design process, when we come in step of collect of information from the client, I make needa and requirementa paper. I also create a need paper for Studio Apartment to use maximum space. By use of needs paper we keep the need of client in our mind.
- 55. User Questioners There aresome question which are asked by the Interior Designer so that important information is collect from client. The question put up in User Questioners are as follows : Household members? Occupation of Client? Career goals and job? Hobbies of Client? Interest in Late night parties,dance parties? Recreation and use of leisure time? Individual needs or privacy? Demand/Requirement/Need of Client? Social areas? Bubble Diagram
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- 77. 21'-6" Sink Range Wenthood Refridgerator GlassPartition Refridgerator Countertop Bed VenthoodOverhead cabinet Overhead cabinet Overhead cabinet Range Door Closet DiningChair DiningTable Partition T.v. Glass Partition GlassPartition 9"1'-3"9"2' 5'-10" 9"2'3'2'2" 7'-11" 9"1'-3"1'-1"2'9" 5'-10" 9" 2"1'-2"2'-4" 1'-2"2" 9"1'-3"2" 7'-11" 9" 2'-8" 1'-6"1'-10" 6" 3'-6" 9" 11'-6" 9"3'1'1'-10"1'-6"2'-8"9" 11'-6" 9" 2'-8" 1'-6" 1'-8" 1' 3'-2" 9" 11'-6" 9"3'2'2'-6"2'-6"9" 11'-6" 9"2' 2" 2'-1"9"2' 2" 7'-11" 9"2'4"2'9" 5'-10" B D AC W.Triangle 9'1" 1'-1" 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 0 30 60 EW N S 80 70 50 4O 20 10350 320 310 290 280 260 250 230 220 200 190170 160 140 130 110 100 340 PlotAreaClientDesignBy DezyneE'ColeCollege www.dezyneecole.com Seal&Sign Remark ProjectTitle Studio Apartment DrawingTitle KitchenPlan& Elevations PlotArea:466.56sq. PlotSize:21'6"X21'6" BharatJeswani M.Sc-ID-IIISem Mr.RajeshJain Mumbai KitchenTopPlan
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- 81. Colonial Interior Design ColonialInterior Design : In our designing I take the style of Colonial time period. Colonial interiod design ideas can be sources from American Colonial Style and British Colonial Style. American colonial interior design became popular throughout North America during the early 18th century. Colonial interior design copy many Tradition European homes of that era and heavily influenced by the early American farm house mixed with grand home of old Europe to provide with sensational American decorating style. There are two ways to go with this design concept as it can be both rustic interior design or sophisticated. Rustic is the everyday man;s home from that period and the alternative is more lusurious look that was then only available to those who could affolnfluences of design and architecture were brought to Americal from the England when immigrants settled during that period and decorated their own homes. Their lifestyle was reflected in their design simplified and practical. The simplicity created light, spacious interiors with elegant clean lines. There are several key characteristics of colonial interior design that can be adapted to suit your home. Woodwork : extensive handmane furniture and cabinets carved from pine, birch or maple represent the colonial concept in a way that the design itself was honest and remained simplisitiy. In other words, not over complicated or over styled. Wide baseboards for skirting are distrinctive and look great with this concept. Handmade quils : Handmade quils quilting is such a beautiful way to celebrate Americana decorating and family life. Quiles were used to decorate the walls, laid on top beds and placed over sofas. You can recreate this look by having a quilt made of your favorite fabrics, or add some interesting cushions into your finished look. Uncluttered Space: try to combine your objects and items with enough free space to that you can enjoy looking at the ornamentation and beautiful colors captured in your accessories. Otherwise your room may become overcrowded with pattern and colour. This is what we are looking to avoid so make sure you allow yourself plenty of good storage.
- 82. Wall : Commonlywhitewashed with crown moldings or dado rails. Ocasionally timber paneling was fitted. Stricing to muted paint colours for walls and ceilings were ivory white colour. Wealthy homes had borders and murals which had natural motifs of fruit and flower much like those from the Arts and Craft style. This can easily be replicated be simple stenciling. However walls are generally best kept simple so that wooder furniture, handmade cabinates, antiques and ornamentation take the limelight. Floor : Walnut, Mahogany, and Cherry are the main type of hardwood flooring. These are used to much in colonial time perior for hard flooring. Light : In colonial interior design, Chandiliers, Wall scones are very famous. Omni, Cast iron standing lamp are also used in colonial time perior. Motifs : Naturals motifs(food and flower) are used with Murals. Egg and Dard motifs are used in Wainscoating. Broken Pedmints are used at the top of Closet and Door, Fluted line are also used in colonial time perior. Concept : I take the concept of Conolial Style in Colonial Interior Design. I take Sophisticated concept in Colonial Interior Style.
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- 159. Bibilography I make thisportfolio by the help of following books : Building Construction book written by Sushil Kumar. Anthropometrics and Ergonomics as per Times Saver Standard. Planning Consideration as per Louis Kahn’s Principles. I also follow principles of Frank Lyord Wright and Le Corbusier.
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