2. Project Report on
Residential Space Planning
At
DezyneE’cole College, Ajmer
Submitted To
DezyneE’cole College towards
The partial fulfillment
Of the Master of Science in Interior Designing
By
Sarvesh Singh Bhati
DezyneE’cole College
106/10, Civil Line, Ajmer
0145-2624679
www.dezyneecole.com
2013-2014
3. Tel:0145-2624679
DezyneE’cole College
106/10, Civil Line,Ajmer
Pin:-305001, Rajasthan
DezyneE’cole College
106/10, Civil Line,
Ajmer-305001, Rajasthan
Tel:-0145-2624679
www.dezyneecole.com
This Project Report of Ms./Mr. ______________________________
ofInterior Design has been graded as ________________
Thanking You
Principal
(Seal & Signature)
4. Acknowledgment
The Project “Residential Space Planning” has enlightened me about
various aspects of planning a residential building.
I give my sincere thanks to DezyneE’cole College and to my Mentors
who gave me the opportunity to know about the various aspects of
Residential Space Planning and helped me in preparing the project.
Last but not the least thanks to God for keeping me in good health
because of him
I was able to submit my project on time.
Sarvesh Singh Bhati
M.Sc. - Interior Design
5. My College Profile
Today DezyneE’cole has emerged as a leader with the ability to
integrate knowledge, academic freedom, critical independence and
creative thinking. A history of being in existence for 6 years in Ajmer
stands as a testimony to our fundamentals where academic excellence
lies at the core. The college has stood as a beacon of serious critical
engagement, key enabler in developing competent professionals in the
field of design, management and information technology. DezyneE’cole
started in the year 2008 with only four rooms and with a strength of 10
students enrolled in the fashion and interior design Diploma Programme.
In the year 2009 the school was granted Bachelor and Master’s Degree
in Fashion and Interior Design by the Punjab Technical University.
Further the college was given the authority by the government of
Rajasthan in the year 2010 to use the word College and since then
DezyneE’cole College became the name. In the year 2013 college
expanded further and was declared a regular degree college with the
granting of authority by the university of Mewar. This led to the
expansion of college and addition of two more courses with
DezyneE’cole in 2011, the Department of Administration(BBA), and
Information Technology leading to award of Bachelors Degree in
Computer Application was added. From then until now.DezyneE’cole
has scaled high academic standards. The faculty resource of the college
has grown into a community of leadingpractioners, education
enthusiasts, entrepreneurs, creative thinkers, researchers, and analysis,
Invigorating through leadership, research stimulus, industry focus,
6. creative enterprise and peer learning have reinforced the colleges
academic bedrock.
Fostering a new generation of creative thinkers, today the college is
empowered to award Degrees in Undergraduate, Postgraduate studies
in the field of Fashion, Interior, Management and Information
Technology. Articulating the ideology of world class learning practices,
the college has been committed to academic excellence in education.
8. The interior design industry
A house is a place where a person behaves in his natural form and is
mainly for providing shelter. Since prehistoric times, human beings
looked for shelter, For Example, The Caves or the meticulously Planned
Towns of Mohenjo-Daro Harappa.
To the present day houses which have grown up more luxurious and
beautiful.
“For a man’s house is his castle”, wrote Sir Edward Coke. This sentence
was coined by him in th1 17th
century and since then we have a beautiful
heritage of something known as Period House. Beginning with the Tudor
and the Jacobean style from the year 1485-1625, this period let towards
development of sophisticated structures and classy sized decoration.
This period saw the development of the increasing specialization of how
a room functioned within a house. In the middle ages the king would live
in one big room, where he would eat, sleep and conduct affairs of state.
Fabric hangings during this time were considered inappropriate for the
rooms in which people ate, as they tended to retain the smell of food.
During this time, timber, brick and stone were used. The stone houses
had less decoration than the timber one’s, as stone was more difficult
and expensive to carve. During this period, the Bay window came into
being along with Oriel windows. People used built-in-furniture during this
time.
The Tudor and the Jacobean period were followed by Baroque Period
(1625-1714). This period had the development of country style. This
style had the development of rooms as Basement, the Piano Nubile
(main reception floor) and Attic (top floor). The Piano Nubile had
pediment windows and very high height. It was the area where the
ceremonial work was taken up. This period had grand carved entrances
with the use of Acanthus Leaves and bulging fruits. This time period had
the designs created by famous artist Michelangelo David.
This period was followed by Early Georgian, Colonial, British Victorian,
Edwardian, Art Noveau, the Modern Movement played an important role
in the design industry with designers like Walter Gropius, Le Corbusier,
Louis Kahn and Frank Lloyd Wright. Their contribution lead to
meticulously designed houses with proper planning and consideration to
functionality with well-developed clean uncluttered spaces, electrical
wiring buried in the structure along with the proper plumbing and water
disposal.
9. Metal Windows with large glass panes, health, hygienic and efficient
homes were developed. Sullivan’s disciple Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-
1959), designed buildings which relied more on spaces and form. This
kind of design made the great impression on Walter Gropius (1183-
1969), Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe (1886-1969). The defined the
doctrine of Modernism in the 1920’s.
Louis Kahn came up with the idea of design development of Interior
spaces focusing more on served and servant spaces. He believed that
the served space should have the servant areas near to it so that the
functionality of the room increases.
For example: - The Living room is having the servant areas as kitchens
and toilets.
Louis Kahn came up with the idea of design as interior spaces focused
more on served and servant spaces. He believed that the served area
should have the servant area near to it so that the functionality of the
room increases. For example, a living room having the servant areas as
kitchen and toilets. This concept of his along with the other ideas has
been popular till today. After the World War II in 1941, rational planning
and economy were combined with high standards of mechanical
services in housing project where the designers were more concerned
with how the building performed than whether it looked modern. The
Modern Movement sought to eliminate extra detailing and focused more
on simplicity with the advancement of pre-fabricated materials like ply-
wood, glass and other materials developed design area where more of
fresh air and maximum sunlight were pre-requisite. One of the best
characteristics which developed in the first phase of modernism was the
elimination of pattern and textures on walls. People used smooth
plasters, glass bricks, room dividers in apartments with open plan layout.
All this required a development of well-educated work force that could
support the interior design industry and this lead to the development
from the Indian Government to take interest in the design field.
The Indian Government has formulated a body known as Indian Design
Council which plays an important Design Council at IIT Mumbai in the
year 1969 for initiating the Post Graduate Program in Industrial Design.
But prior to setting industrial design education the development of art
and design in India developed in the year 1840. The first art school
10. Known as the Bombay Art School (1857) now known as Sir JJ School of
Arts, the college of Arts Calcutta catered to the Indian Design
Development. In the Year 1913 Kala Bhawan, the Art College was setup
as part of Shanti Niketan by the Tagore family. Not only this, in the year
1922 Rabindranath Tagore met Walter Gropius and invited him for an
exhibition to India. In 1958, the Government of India invited Charles and
Ray Eames to train the small industries to develop the craft and small
scale industry which resulted in the development of India.
Design Report. In the year 1960, based on the Report of Charles and
Ray Eames, the Government of India setup the National Institute of
Design (NID, Ahmedabad). In 1987 the Ministry of Textiles setup the
National Institute of Fashion Technology in Delhi (NIFT). In the year
1997, the full-fledged department of design with Bachelor in Design,
Master in Design and the Doctoral Degrees came up at IIT, Mumbai.
Form the year 1999 the private design schools along with the state
universities started developing students with the formal design
education.
For example: - Kohler, Duravit, Kitchen World, Hacker Kitchens, etc.
We would see the development of a specialized market being developed
for the customers like Bathroom solutions, Kitchen solutions, Bedroom
and Closet Design Solutions. These solutions provided by the Industries
are not tailor made. To make the design as per the Indian Client the
Interior Designer has to study the Indian Environment, the Client, his
Needs, Budget and then device a design which is customer friendly at
the same time functional as per the Indian needs. After all house is a
place where by the end of the client should be able to relax and be fresh.
It is not a zone to be developed to show off the neighbours.
This project report showcased my project based on Hypothetical client,
requirements in the section of residential design.
11. The Work of Interior Designer
Interior designer is a practice of bringing in best visual appeal the
best utilization of a space keeping the clients views and needs in
mind.
1. The work of interior designer is manipulation of spaces keeping in
mind the orientation of the building, building envelope.
2. Emphasis on planning.
3. Making a green building so as it can contribute to the environment.
4. Create spaces which means machines for living said by LE
CORBUSIER (the person behind designing the city of
Chandigarh).
5. Connecting between the spaces, spaces which increases the
efficiency of a human being.
6. Focuses on working drawings, specification, orthographic
projections, axonometric view and perspective drawings etc.
12. Residential Design
“A Good surrounding makes a person love life and live better.” He
becomes more concentrated and his efficiency increase as the space
makes all this difference and this is what we need to pay attention to in
the homes too that is the residential spaces. It is a space where a
person relaxed after a day‟s hard work and wants to be charged, fresh,
confident for the next day. All this can be achieved if he has the house
designed as per his needs that is a space that nurtures a human being
into a more efficient person this is what is interior design or design of
spaces
In earlier times, the designing was done by painters like Michelangelo
who worked with Golden mean but human dimensions were not
considered. Then later designers worked on the Principal of
anthropometrics (human dimensions) and ergonomics (study of human
dimensions to create any design) of which they got idea from furniture
designing.
A Quote by a Scottish Architect, Darcy Braddell attempted, in his 1932
book
“How to Look at Buildings,” to help people understand why some
building seem to “feel right” while other do not. He felt that proper and
considered proportions were much more important than anything else.
Further, he held that “every part must make up a whole that no one thing
is beautiful in itself, that restraint is superior to excess and that selection
is the key to design.”
13. Skill Set
In building a house there are many aspects of design that needs to
be considered but the essence of every home is-that the structure/body
must belong to the site and its soul must embody the family that lives
within its four walls.
“Design is not so much about form and space, as it is about people and
situation. So the ultimate aim is not to design a good building but to
design a good situation, and the good building is just an instrument for
that purpose.”
To enrich my knowledge skills in my Bachelor Program and Diploma
Program I studied several subject and topics as stated below:
- Observe the things which grab in mind.
- Increase Working Efficiency, Making Different
things.
I gained knowledge about colour
schemes, colour key, colour wheel, texture wheel etc. I created
assignments on elements on design.
Elements of Design :
Point.
Line.
Shape & Form.
Space.
Colour.
Texture.
Movement.
14.
Principals of Planning :
oAspect
oProspect.
oGrouping.
oPrivacy.
oFurniture Requirements.
oRoominess.
oCirculation.
oSanitation.
oElegance.
oFlexibility.
oEconomy.
Principles of Designing :
oBalance.
oProportion.
oEmphasis.
oRhythm.
oUnity
Aproaches
I have also studied about the openings at the corner. The light that
enters a space through a corner opening washes the surface of the
plane
adjacent and perpendicular to the opening. This illuminated surface itself
become a source of light and enhances the brightness of the space.
Then I studied the Organization of spaces such as Space within a space,
Interlocking Space, Adjacent Spaces and Spaces linked by a common
space. After that I studied about the various approaches such as:
1. Frontal Approach
2. Oblique Approach
3. Spiral Approach
15. In Landscaping, I have studied how a good landscaping can give
many advantages to the users.By landscaping we can attract rainfall,
habitat to wildlife, help in pollination, control 6 to 8 degree trempeture,
increase ground water table, photosynthesis(food development process),
create clean environment(give us fresh oxygen) and many more. A
good landscaping can give a good visual appeal to the environment and
relaxes a person and in turn contributes towards to the building of the
green homes.
In Building Conustruction, includes the components of a building
namely the Foundation which is the lowest part of a structure which
provide a base for the super structure proper. I also studied about the
Purpose of Foundation, Site Exploration, Bearing Capacity of the Soil,
Types of Foundation, etc.
Types Of Foundation:-
1.Shallow foundation
2.Spread Footings
3.Grillage Foundation
16. I have also studied about the Plinth, the portion of the building between
the ground surrounding the building and the top of the floor immediately
above the ground. The level of the ground floor of the building is known
as Plinth level.
Components of a Building
I also studied about Components of a building. A building can be
divided in two parts.
(i) Sub- structure
(ii) Super structure
Walls
I have also studied about walls, the cavity walls which act as a
Thermal Insulation as well as the Sound Insulation. It consists of two
walls with a 5cm to 8cm cavity between them.
17. Cavity wall
Doors and Windows
I have also studied about the various types of doors
and windows and to understand them better. A door define as a barrier
secured in an opening left in a wall to provide usual means of access to
a building room or passage and A window purpose of providing day-
lighting ,and ventilation.
I had learnt about different types of doors and windows where they are
used
And what materials are used to make a doors and windows.
Bricks
I have studied about different types of brick bonds like English bond,
Flemish bond, stretcher bond, header bond etc.
18. In History of Furniture, I studied about the various time periods
Furniture such as Renaissance, Rococo, Baroque, Art Noveau,
Gothic Style, English Antique Periods, etc.
InEstimation & Costing:I studied about the various purposes of
Estimation which helps to find out the probable cost of the project and
also helps to make provisions for the budget before hand. It also help to
making tenders and controlling the expenditure during the execution of
the work.
InSculpture and Modeling, I studied about various aspects for
Presenting
Design concepts in three dimensional forms and learn the methods and
material of model construction and for casting sculpture.
19. InColour& Lighting in Interior, I studied about the various types of lighting. How
can create a mood of person according to lighting. Lighting is very important
for a person who live in house if provided lighting not proper for a person. It
can harm a person from diseases.
In Interior Furnishing, I studied about the various floor finishes, fabrics and
window treatment and learn about how can be used in our project and also the
effects of a texture of fabrics and floor. Its also help in to put the decorative
elements in perfect banner.
InDesign Studio: I studied about how can I draft a plan and elevation on to the
paper. It helps me to make rough skethes at site in emergency.
21. Planning Consideration
To design any residential area, proper planning and brain storming
needs to be done. The planning phase of a residence is the most
important phase because this leads to the development of the structures
of the house based on the shape and form chosen. The residence
design should be planned based on the needs of the person extent
similar. When we see magazines and books showcasing beautiful
images of decorated rooms, a person feels happy to see them. But
Interior Designing is not so easy like the attractive image of the book.
The design has to be functional so that the person can feel the space,
express him and at the same time enjoy a space.
In India we have a climate which is hot and dry throughout the year and
the sun shines brilliantly the whole year with winter months being less. It
is in this surrounding that a residence of a person would exist. To device
a proper interior design one must see the outside building envelope
along with the interior space so that we can achieve the client
requirements. A room which is more sun filled makes a person happy
than a space which is dull and dark.
I have here utilized more of daylight factor while planning. As I said
earlier in India the climate is dry and humid at times throughout the year
and the house is enveloped by these factors, so my main consideration
of the project has been followed keeping into mind the climatology of the
place.
It is seen that the spaces with less light (natural light) suffer from by
depression, lethargies, fatigue and other symptoms. Studies show
students do better when the classes are held in natural light such is the
power of sun.
My Client’s house is situated in Mumbai and to device a proper Interior
design I began with the factor of climate of this place.
All buildings exert direct & indirect influence on the people who use the
building as well as the ones who see the building.
22. Case Study
The case study given to me is:
We are suppose to design for an Interior Designer, who has 10 year of
working as an entreprenur. His office is located in porced locality of
Mumbai. He is in the age group of 35 years and design more of
residential spaces. You are supposed to design the residence of this
Interior Designer who state in a Studio Apartment. The space given for
the construction is 21’6”X21’6”.
I make a Client Profile:
Household Member: Client(Single)
Name : Mr. MukeshSoni
Age : 35 years
Sex : Male
Profession : Interior Designer
23. Climatology
Climatology is the branch which deals with the climate and the changes
throughout the year of the weather. It is the most populous city in India,
second most populous metropolitan area in India, and the fifth most
populous city in the world, with an estimated city population of
18.4 million and metropolitan area population of 20.7 million as of
2011. Along with the urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai
The Design, execution and success of a project mainly depends on the
environmental factors enclosing the building and affecting its internal and
external environment as well as the inhabitants.
My client is situated in Mumbai and to device it in a proper planning I
began with a factor of climate of this place.
Macro Climate
Location of India:
The location of India in the world is ‘North East’ direction.
Longitude: 88°E to 98°E
Latitude: 8°N to 37°N
Climate of India:
The whole of India has Tropical Monsoon Climate. Since the greater part
of the country lies within the tropics and climate is influenced by the
monsoon.
Location of Maharastra:
The Location of Maharastra in India is ‘west south” direction.
Longitude: 73°E to 81°E
Latitude: 16°N to 23°N
Climate of Maharastra:
Maharastra has Tropical wet & Dry.
Climate & Temperature of Mumbai:
The plan situated at Mumbai in poush area. Mumbai has Tropical wet &
dry climate.The temperature of Mumbai in summer is, the maximum
35°C to nearly 25°C and in the winters the maximum 25°C to 15°C.
Longitude of Mumbai 72°49 E
Latitude of Mumbai 18°54 N
24. Climate Zone Map of India
Micro Climate
A part from this micro climate which is in our control which we can
change according to the place.
For example; If south direction is zone from where wind prevails or which
is the direction of wind then if the water body is situated in south, the
wind entering in the house will be cool. Beside this, we can see the
micro climate can be changed by landscaping because when the raise of
sunlight radiate the light & in a very little quantity it brings out the neat
back there for it makes the place less hot.
Many trees are planted in the south west direction because they are
helpful to bring down the speed of western wind. West wind blow very
fast & trees are act like which brings the speed down. Trees are planted
in south so that they protect our building from the direct sunlight.
Having all these planning in my consideration I added water body at
south direction in my plan.
25. Location of a Site
Site Location: - That planned site situated at Mumbai in Poush Area.
That site is located in North east direction of Mumbai.
Total site area: - 466.56 sqft
26. Building Envelope
The basic meaning of building envelope is the surrounding envelope of
the building. Building envelope is such element that separates the
interior and exterior environment of building.
My client house is located in Mumbai at poush area.
In building envelope including the foundation roof, wall, door and window
and also include physical protection from weather climate. The building
envelope is focus on the factor that is rain control, air control and
temperature control.
The building envelope directly influences the energy performance of a
building in the following ways:
Resisting undesirable hear transfer.
Allowing desirable hear transfer.
Allowing daylight penetration.
Preventing undesirable light penetration (glare).
Ventilation.
27. Rain Water Harvesting
Rain water harvesting is also another important factor of building
envelope. Landscaping water body etc. does help to control air and heat.
We have discuss about these things in micro climate.
28. Orientation
Orientation of the building generally used to refer to solar orientation
which is the sitting of building with respect of solar excess a thought any
building will have different orientation for it different sides. The
orientation can refer to a particular room or to the most important façade
of the building.
The building orientation can have an impact on heating, lighting and
cooling costs by maximum southern exposure. For example; One can
take advantage of optimal advantage of the sum for daylight and passive
solar heating this will result in lower pooling cost by minimizing western
were it is most difficult to provide shade from the sun the designer must
consider all factors and site condition on, building orientation. For
example; a building might have to take heed of multiple orientation
factors depending on function requirement designing for pooling load or
heating load. To take advantage of north may be oriented along an east
west excess but this may be counter to street lines and other side
consideration, orientation of the building entrance may have 2 respect
street access activities and local urban design guidelines.
For most reasons optimum façade orientation is typically south facing
glass is relatively easy to shade with an overhanging during the summer
to minimize solar heat brain, the light also can work well higher sun in
the southern expose north facing glass received good day lighting but
relatively little direction isolation so heat gain is less of a concern.
East and west window orientation and horizontal orientation (sky light) all
result in more heat grain in the summer than glare is also more difficult
to control for comfort because of law son angels in early moving and late
afternoon.
29.
30. Daylighting and Ventilation
Day lighting is a technical tern given to a common centuries-old,
geography and culture independent design basic when “rediscovered” by
20th
century architects. The amount of day light received in an internal
space can be analyzed by undertaking a day light factor calculation.
Today, the use of computers and proprietary industry software such as
Radiance can allow an architect or Engineer to quickly undertake
complex calculation to review the benefit of a particular design.
Daylighting is designing a space to use as much natural light as
possible. Light is the most important element in any home. If we close
our eyes and walk into a room that is how our Interior design look
without light. The most important aspect of daylighting is its capacity to
change, leading to the infinite variety in appearance of day light interior.
The objective to design a window is to provide as much of the indoor
lighting requirement with daylighting without compromising other energy
efficiency considerations.
The importance of orientation must be considered in a building to ensure
maximum availability of natural light and sunlight to the interiors.
‘Any view is better than no view’, the view outside from the window in our
contact with the world outside allow us to experience the time of day,
changes in weather, sunlight and seasons.
31.
32. Green Homes
There is a considerable amount of stress given towards shaping up a
space consuming less of non- renewable resources and can have a
mechanism to work with the renewable sources of energy in order to cut
the electricity, fuel consumption green buildings are followed:
A green home is a type of house useless area is design to be
environment friendly and sustainable focusing on the effect use of
energy water and building materials green home consume less amount
of energy using natural light and ventilation so that the heat produce
from the house is less and it may not harm the environment.
oEfficient Technologies.
oEasier Maintenance.
oReturn on Investment.
oImproved Indoor Air Quality.
oEnergy Efficiency.
oWater Efficiency.
oWaste Reduction.
oMinimum use of Mechanical System.
For the penetration of natural light, day lighting concept is to be taken
out with usage and placement of doors, windows, ventilators.
51. Colonial Style
Colonial interior design ideas can be sourced from American colonial style or
British colonial Style.
American colonial interior design became popular through North America
during the early 18th
century.
The design style replicates many of the traditional European homes of that
era and is heavily influenced by early American farmhouses mixed with grand
homes of old Europe to provide this sensational Americana decorating style.
There are two ways to go with this style design concept as it can be both
rustic interior design or sophisticated. Rustic is the ‘everyday man’s’ home
from that period and the alternative is a more luxurious look that was then
only available to those who could affolnfluences of design and architecture
were brought to America from England when immigrants settled during that
period and decorated their own homes.
The simplicity created light, spacious interiors with elegant clean lines. There
are several key characteristics of colonial interiors design that can be adapted
to suit your homes.
Woodwork:
Extensive handmade furniture and cabinets carved from pine, birch or maple
represents the colonial concepts in a way that the design itself was ‘honest
‘and remained simplistic.
Handmade Quilts:
Quilting is such a beautiful way to celebrate American decorating and family
life. Quilt were used to decorate the walls, laid on top beds and placed over
sofas. You can recreate this look by having a quilt made of your fabrics, or
52. Add some interesting throws and cushions into your finished look. The
images below show how amazing quilts can look and provide an authentic
touch of colonial interior design in a bedroom.
Uncluttered Spaces:
Try to combine your objects and items with enough free spaces so that you
can enjoy looking at the ornamentation and beautiful colors captured in your
accessories. Otherwise your room may become overcrowded with pattern
and color. This is what we are looking to avoid so make sure you allow
yourself plenty of good storage.
Walls:
Commonly white washed with crown moldings or dado rails. Occasionally
timber paneling was fitted. Sticking to muted paint colors for walls and ceilings
were ivory white. Wealthy homes had borders and murals which had natural
motifs of fruits and flowers much like those from the Arts and Crafts style.
Floors:
Walnut, mahogany, and cherry are the main types of hardwood flooring
accessorized with colorful hand-woven rugs. Those include oriental style
rugs.
Below is a fantastic example of how sophisticated colonial interior design can
become. This dining room is nothing short of classical and magnificent. Take
note of the walls which are painted white however, the wooden panels create
a rich finish that you expect to find in this design style.
Lighting:
Cast iron lamps, candle holders, wall fitting and beautiful chandeliers similar
to the one shown above are all used to create this timeless style.
100. Bibliography
The project would have not been successful without the guidance of my
Mentors and reference book of various expert designer such as -
Building Construction – Sushil Kumar
Time saver Standard
Element of Style
Colour Harmony
Primary Element D.K. Ching
Inside outside magazine
Society interiors magazine
Better interiors magazine