Dezyne E'cole College,Ajmer interior Design Student Work

1. TODAYAREADER
TOMORROW ALEADER
INTERIORARCHITECTURE
&SPACEPLANNING

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Project Report On
Residential Space Planning
At
Dezyne E’cole College, Ajmer
Submitted To
Dezyne E’cole College Towards
The Partial Fulfillment Of The
Master’s In Science in Interior Designing
By
Kanchana Bhatia
Dezyne E’cole College
106/10, Civil Lines, Ajmer
Tel:0145-2624679
www.dezyneecole.com
2011-2012

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Dezyne E’cole College
106/10, Civil Lines
Ajmer- 305001, Rajasthan
Tel:0145-2624679
Fax: +91 145 2624679
Dezyne E’cole College
106/10, Civil Lines
Ajmer- 305001, Rajasthan
Tel:0145-2624679
Fax: +91 145 2624679
www.dezyneecole.com
This Project Report of Ms/Mr. Of Fashion/Interior
Design Has Been Graded As .
Thanking You
Principal
(Seal & Signature)

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Acknowledgment
The project ‘’Residential Space Planning’’ has enlighten me about various aspects of
planning a residential building.
I give my sincere thanks to Dezyne E’cole College and to my Mentors who gave me
the opportunity to know about the various aspects of Residential Space Planning and
helped me in preparing this project.
Last but not the least thanks to God for keeping me in good health because of him I
was able to submit my project on time.
Kanchana Bhatia

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Content
1. Interior Design Industry.
2. The work of Interior Designer.
3. Residential Design.
4. My Skills and Knowledge.
5. Planning Consideration.
6. Case Study.
7. Climatology.
8. Building Envelope.
9. Building Orientation.
10.Daylighting.
11. Green Homes
12. Bibliography

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Interior Design Industry
A house is a place where a person behaves in his natural form and is mainly for
providing shelter. Since prehistoric times, human beings looked for shelter, For
Example, The Caves or the meticulously Planned Towns of Mohenjo-Daro Harappa.
To the present day houses which have grown up more luxurious and beautiful.
For a man’s house is his castle, wrote Sir Edward Coke. This sentence was coined
by him in the 17th century and since then we have a beautiful heritage of something
known as a Period House, starting from or beginning with the Tudor and the
Jacobean Style from the year 1485 to 1625. This period let towards the development
of Sophisticated Structure and Classicized Decoration. This period saw the
development of the increased specialization of how a room functions within a house.
In the middle ages, the King would live in one big room where he would eat, sleep
and conduct affairs of state. Fabric Hangings was considered inappropriate for the
rooms in which people ate, as they tended to retain the smell of the food. During this
time Timber, Bricks and Stones were used. The stone houses had less decoration
than the timber one’s, as stone was more difficult and expensive to carve. During this
period the Bay Window came into being along with the Oriel Windows.
People used built in furniture during this time. The Tudor and Jacobean Period was
followed by Baroque Period (1625-1714).This period had the development of Courtly
Style, this style had the development of rooms as basement, the Piano Nobile(main
reception floor) and Attic (top floor). The Piano Nobile had pediment windows and
very high height. It was the area where the ceremonial works were taken up.
This period had grand carved entrance with the use of acanthus leaves and bulging
fruits. This time period had the designs created by famous artist Michelangelo. This
period was followed by Early Georgian, Colonial, British Victorian, Edwardian, Art
Noveau, the Modern Movement (1920-1950). The Modern Movement played an
important role in the design industry with designers like Walter Gropius, Le
Corbusier, Louis Kahn and Frank Lloyd Wright. There contribution lead to
meticulously designed houses with proper planning and consideration to functionality
with well developed clean uncluttered spaces, electrical wirings buried in the
structure along with the proper plumbing and water disposal.

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Metal windows with large glass panes, healthy, hygienic and efficient homes were
developed. Sullivan’s disciple Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), designed buildings
which relied more on spaces and form. This kind of design made the great
impression on Walter Gropius (1883-1969), Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe (1886-
1969). They defined the doctrine of Modernism in the 1920’s.
Louis Kahn came up with the idea of design development of interior spaces focusing
more on served and servant spaces. He believed that the served space should have
the servant areas near to it so that the functionality of the room increases.
For ExampleThe living room having the servant areas as kitchens and toilets.
This concept of his along with the other ideas has been popular till today. After the
World War II IN 1941 rational planning and economy were combined with high
standards of mechanical services in housing project where the designers were more
concerned with how a building perform than whether it look modern. The modern
movement sought to eliminate extra detailing and focused more on simplicity with the
advancement of prefabricated materials like plywood, glass and other materials
developed a design area where more of fresh air and maximum sunlight were
prerequisite. One of the best characteristic which developed in the first phase of
modernism was the elimination of the patterns and texture on walls. People used
smooth plaster, glass brick and room dividers in apartments with open plan layout.
All this required a development of well educated work force that could support the
interior design industry and this lead to the development from the Indian Government
to take interest in the design field.
The Indian Government has formulated a body known as Indian Design Council
which plays an important role in promoting design developments. The government of
India setup The Indian Design Council at IIT Mumbai in the year 1969 for initiating
the Post Graduate Program in Industrial Design. But prior to setting industrial design
education the development of art and design in India developed in the year 1840.
The first art school known as the Bombay Art School (1857) now known as Sir JJ
School Of Arts, the college of Arts Calcutta catered to the Indian Design
Development. In the year 1913 Kala Bhawan, the Art College was setup as part of
Shanti Niketan by the Tagore family. Not only this, in the year 1922 Rabindra Nath
Tagore met Walter Gropius and invited him for an exhibition to India. In 1958, The
Government of India invited Charles and Ray Eames to train the small industries to
develop the craft and small scale industry which resulted in the development of India
Design Report. In the year 1960, based on the report of Charles and Ray Eames, the
Government of India setup the National Institute of Design (NID, Ahmadabad). In

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1987 the Ministry of Textiles setup the National Institute of Fashion Technology in
Delhi (NIFT). In the year 1997, the full fledged department of design with Bachelor in
Design, Masters in Design and the Doctoral Degrees came up at IIT, Mumbai. From
the year 1999 the private design schools along with the state universities started
developing students with the formal design education so that the design industry
could have the best brains to device functional designs. This setup was taken
because as the modern designs entered the Indian Market.
For ExampleKohler, Duravit, Kitchen World, Hacker Kitchens, Etc.
We would see the development of a specialized market being developed for the
customers like Bathroom Solutions, Kitchen Solutions, Bedroom and Closet Design
Solutions. These solutions provided by the industries are not tailor made. To make
the design as per the Indian Client the Interior Designer has to study the Indian
Environment, the Client, his Needs, Budget and then device a design which is
customer friendly at the same time functional as per the Indian needs. After all house
is a place where by the end of the client should be able to relax and be fresh. It is not
a zone to be developed to show off the neighbours.
This project report showcases my project based on the hypothetical client,
requirements in the section of residential design.

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The Work of Interior Designer
Interior Design is a practice of bringing in best visual appeal and best utilization of a
space keeping the clients views and needs in mind.
The work of interior designer is manipulation of spaces keeping in mind the
orientation of the building, the environment, making a green building so as it can
contribute to the environment.
An Interior Designer implies that there is more emphasis on planning, functional
design and effective use of space. It sees to the connectivity between the spaces,
proper utilization of space, circulation and a space which increases the efficiency of
a human being.
It also focuses on working drawings, specification, orthographic projections,
axenometric views, perspective drawings, etc.

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Residential Design
‘’A good surrounding makes a person love life and live better’’ .He becomes more
concentrated and his efficiency increase as the space makes all this difference and
this is what we need to pay attention to in the homes too that is the residential
spaces. It is a space where a person relaxes after a day’s hard work and wants to be
charged, fresh, confident for the next day. All this can be achieved if he has the
house designed as per his needs that is a space that nurtures a human being into a
more efficient person this is what is interior design or design of spaces “where a man
does not adjust the house but the house adjust with the person” very correctly said
by a very well known designer of the world Le Corbusier (the person behind
designing the city of Chandigarh), machine for living.
In earlier times the designing was done by painters like Michelangelo who worked
with golden mean but human dimensions were not considered. Then later designers
worked on the principal of anthropometrics (human dimensions) and ergonomics
(study of human dimensions to create any design) of which they got idea from
furniture designing.
A Quote by a Scottish architect, Darcy Braddell attempted, in his 1932 book "How to
Look at Buildings," to help people understand why some building seem to "feel right"
while other do not. He felt that proper and considered proportions were much more
important than anything else. Further, he held that "every part must make up a whole
that no one thing is beautiful in itself, that restraint is superior to excess and that
selection is the key to design."

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My Skills and Knowledge
The first step in designing starts with research, analysis and exploration of concept
and its integration with the environment. In building a house there are many aspects
of design that needs to be considered but the essence of every home is-that the
structure/body must belong to the site and its soul must embody the family that lives
within its four walls.
"Design is not so much about form and space, as it is about people and situation. So
the ultimate aim is not to design a good building but to design a good situation, and
the good building is just an instrument for that purpose. "
To enrich my knowledge skills in my Master’s Program and Diploma Program I
studied several subject and topics as stated below
The Building Construction includes the components of a building namely the
Foundation which is the lowest part of a structure which provide a base for the super
structure proper. I also studied about the Purpose of Foundation, Site Exploration,
Bearing Capacity of the Soil, Types of Foundation, etc.
Construction of the Foundation

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I have also studied about the Plinth, the portion of the building between the ground
surrounding the building and the top of the floor immediately above the ground. The
level of the ground floor of the building is known as Plinth level. The built up covered
area measured at the floor level is termed as Plinth Area.
Construction of the Plinth
I have also studied about the Walls. The Load Bearing Walls and Non Load Bearing
Walls. A load bearing walls supports its own weight as well as the super imposed
loads transferred to it. A non load bearing wall carries its own weight and is not
designed to carry any super imposed load from the structure.
Non Load Bearing & Load bearing Walls

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Walls can also be the Cavity Walls which act as a Thermal Insulation as well as the
Sound Insulation. It consists of two walls with a 5cm to 8cm cavity between them.
Cavity Wall Construction
I have also studied about the various Doors and Windows and to understand them
better I have made presentations and charts on various types of Doors and
Windows.

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Working On Doors & Windows
I studied about the Stairs, series of steps suitably arranged for the purpose of
connecting different floors of a building, Classification of Stairs, etc. and to
understand them clearly we made an assignment on stairs on Google Sketchup
Software including the Technical Terms of Stairs.

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I also studied about the Masonry namely the Stone Masonry and the Brick Masonry.
The Stone masonry I have taken in my plan on the Boundary Wall as stated below
Stone Masonry on the Boundary Wall
I made several assignments on Brick Masonry of different bonds with different
thickness of walls. The various assignments are enclosed 

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I also studied about various Building Bye-Laws as
 Distance from Electric Lines.
 Open Spaces within a Plot or Setbacks
The Minimum Setbacks to be left in a building should be from front 10’, both
the sides and back 3’ to 5’.
 Size and Height of rooms and other requirements of building.
 Lighting and Ventilation of rooms.
 Fire Protection requirements.
 Structural Safety requirements.
 Building services which include electrical installations, air conditioning and
heating, plumbing services, etc.
The Primary Elements includes the Elements and Principles of Designing which
includes Point, Line, Shape, Form, Movement, Colour, Pattern, Texture, Balance,
Proportion, Rhythm, Emphasis, Unity, Etc.
Examples of Balance and Rhythm
In my plan I followed the principles of designing as

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I have also made various assignments on colours and presentations on elements
and principles of designing as

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I have also studied about the Base Plane, Elevated Base Plane and Depressed
Base Plane. The Base Plane when leveled either elevated or depressed create
interest in a house, visual continuity is maintained.
Base Plane Elevated Base Plane
Depressed Base Plane
I have also studied about the openings at the corner. The light that enters a space
through a corner opening washes the surface of the plane adjacent and
perpendicular to the opening. This illuminated surface itself become a source of light
and enhances the brightness of the space.
The various openings can be

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Openings at Corners
Then I studied the Organization of Spaces such as Space within a Space,
Interlocking Space, Adjacent Spaces and Spaces Linked by a Common Space.

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Organization of Spaces
I also studied about the various approaches such as Frontal, Oblique and Spiral.
Different Approaches to a Building

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In History of Furniture, I studied about the various time periods furniture such as
Renaissance, Rococo, Baroque, Art Noveau, Gothic Style, English Antique Periods,
etc.
In Landscaping, I have studied how a good landscaping can give a good visual
appeal to the environment. A good landscaping relaxes a person and in turn
contributes towards to the building of the green homes. Through landscaping we can
create interest, gradients and contours, textures, patterns, etc.
I have also learnt the designing software as Auto CAD and Google Sketchup,
while learning the basics of the software I made a Basic Auto CAD Assignment
which includes the basic shapes, basic layouts and the elevations of the buildings.
The assignments are enclosed in the project

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In Construction Techniques, I made construction drawing of doors as Office Door,
Exterior Wood Entrance Door and Wall Paneling.
The Drawings are enclosed in the project 

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After taking the required knowledge, our college went for the Industrial Visit to
Jaipur to both Residential and Commercial Sector. The residential sector was the
Mangalam Builders where we have seen the designing of small spaces, construction
of fountain with the use of coaltar sheet.
Construction of Fountain
We had also seen the construction of Suspended Ceiling with the help of Murga Jali.
Murga Jali
Then the commercial sector, the Jaipur Centre we have seen the sustainable design
that is the use of Fly Ash Brick, Light Weighted Concrete Block, Cavity Walls, etc.

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Cavity Walls Fly Ash Bricks
Apart from this, we visited Bagru to see the Bagru Printing and Dabu Printing which
was done with the natural dyes rather than artificial dyes. This can encourage toward
the green home design. We can use this fabric for upholstery.
During my study process I wrote an article in the magazine ‘Lokmat Youth Action’ on
Interior designing which was published in the month January, 2012.
The affixed original copy

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Planning Considerations
To design any residential area, proper planning and brain storming needs to be
done. The planning phase of a residence is the most important phase because this
leads to the development of the structure of the house based on the shape and form
chosen. The residence design should be planned based on the needs of the person
and it has been seen that all human being requirements and needs are to a certain
extent similar. When we see magazines and books showcasing beautiful images of
decorated rooms, a person feels happy to see them. But interior designing is not so
easy like the attractive image of the book. The design has to be functional so that the
person can feel the space, express him and at the same time enjoy a space.
In India we have a climate which is hot and dry throughout the year and the sun
shines brilliantly the whole year with winter months being less. It is in this
surrounding that a residence of a person would exist. To device a proper interior
design one must see the outside building envelope along with the interior space so
that we can achieve the client requirements. A room which is more sun filled makes
a person happy than a space which is dull and dark. It is seen that the spaces with
less light (natural light) suffer from a condition known as SAD, Seasonal Affective
Disorder, characterized by depression, lethargies, fatigue and other symptoms.
Studies show students do better when the classes are held in natural light such is
the power of sun. I have here utilized more of daylight factor while planning. As I said
earlier in India the climate is dry and humid at times throughout the year and the
house is enveloped by these factors, so my main consideration of the project has
been followed keeping into mind the climatology of the place.
My clients’ house is situated in Ajmer and to device a proper interior design I began
with the factor of climate of this place.

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Case Study
The case study given to me is
Plan a Residential Layout for Mr. Manish Shah who is on the higher post of the
Government. There are four members in the family, his wife and two children. The
family loved socializing and meeting people, they want a bungalow or a house which
is more open with a beautiful landscape around the house. The family main
preference is balcony which should be a cozy sit out in the house. The family is
having a good lifestyle and is upper class living.
The space given for the construction is 4500 sq. feet.

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Climatology
Climatology is the branch which deals with the climate and the changes throughout
the year of the weather.
The design, execution and success of a project mainly depends on the
environmental factors enclosing the building and affecting its internal and external
environment as well as the inhabitants.
Location of India 
The location of India in the world is ‘North East’ direction.
Longitude: 88ºE to 98ºE
Latitude: 8ºN to 37ºN
Climate of India
The whole of India has Tropical Monsoonal Climate. Since the greater part of the
country lies within the tropics and climate is influenced by the monsoon.
Location of Rajasthan
The location of Rajasthan in India is ‘North West’ direction.
Longitude: 69.5ºE to 78ºE
Latitude: 23ºN to 30ºN
Climate of Rajasthan
Rajasthan has tropical desert climate.
The climatology of the place is divided into two parts

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i. Micro Climate: dealing with the micro elements of the site, it is
found that
 Summer is very hot and winters is quite cool
 Both in summers as well as in winters, there is a wide difference in
the day and night temperature
 Regarding the average temperature in summers (from April to
June), the maximum is around 45° C. The winters in Ajmer stretch
from November to February with considerably low range of
temperature i.e., below 20° C.
 Low or less amount of rains
ii. Macro Climate:
 The site is located in the city Ajmer in Rajasthan in India
 The region lies in the zone nearby to the tropic of cancer line.
 Weather is a typical desert type with very less vegetation.

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Location of the Site
The proposed site is located in Civil Lines, Ajmer Rajasthan.
Approximate distance from basic amenities
2.2 kms from Railway Station.
1 kms each from Government Bus Stand and JLN Medical Hospital.

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Building Envelope
The primary role of building envelope is to separate different environments, the
interior from exterior by managing the flow of air, moisture and heat between them.
The building envelope directly influences the energy performance of a building in the
following ways
 Resisting undesirable heat transfer.
 Allowing desirable heat transfer.
 Allowing daylight penetration.
 Preventing undesirable light penetration (glare).
 Ventilation.
For a sustainable or green design the envelope must perform its functions for the life
of the building without excessive maintenance or renewals.
Design for orientation is a fundamental step to ensure that the building work with the
passage of sun. Well oriented buildings maximize daylighting through building
facades reducing the needs of artificial lighting.
Site layout followed by landscaping can improve the micro climate around a building.
For efficient natural cooling the elements to be used are Landscaping, Orientation to
sun and wind, Building shape and planning and Natural ventilation.

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Thermal Insulation is must for a proper building envelope, so for this we need to
install the cavity walls in the exterior of the building which act as a thermal insulator
and not allows the hot air to enter the building and vice versa.
LEED Certification has to be considered to ensure that the building is contributing to
the environment.

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Building Orientation
Design for orientation is a fundamental step to ensure that buildings work with the
passage of the sun across the sky. Knowledge of sun paths for any site is
fundamental in design building facades to let in light and passive solar gain, as well
as reducing glare and overheating to the building interior.
Well-orientated buildings maximize daylighting through building façades reducing the
needs for artificial lighting. Some typologies especially housing can be zoned to
ensure different functional uses receive sunlight at different times of the day.

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Daylighting
Daylighting is designing a space to use as much natural light as possible. Light is the
most important element in any home. If we close our eyes and walk into a room that
is how our interior design look without light. The most important aspect of daylighting
is its capacity to change, leading to the infinite variety in appearance of day lit
interior.
The objective to design a window is to provide as much of the indoor lighting
requirement with daylighting without compromising other energy efficiency
considerations.
The importance of orientation must be considered in a building to ensure maximum
availability of natural light and sunlight to the interiors.
‘Any view is better than no view’, the view outside from the window in our contact
with the world outside allow us to experience the time of day, changes in weather,
sunlight and seasons.

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Green Homes
There is a considerable amount of stress given towards shaping up a space
consuming less of non – renewable resources and can have a mechanism to work
with the renewable sources of energy in order to cut the electricity, fuel consumption
and various other costs in a building. For this process certain principles to make
green buildings are followed:
 The site and its surroundings – has been checked for the implementation of
proper design. The main source of uninterrupted sunlight is the east, northern
zone possess a huge structure casting overshadow on half of the space,
southern zone has to be planted with more of tall tress to provide screening
from the excessive sunlight penetration. West will be done with creepers for
cutting down heat and maintenance of privacy
 Energy efficiency – the whole structure will have solar energy to be utilized as
the main source of energy to reduce electricity costs. Maximum of daylight will
be taken inside to provide proper vision, reduce damping problems as well as
to enable good and needed vision.
For the penetration of natural light, day lighting concept is to be taken out with the
usage and placement of doors, windows, ventilators.

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Bibliography
 Building Construction-Sushil Kumar.
 Primary Elements-D.K Chien.
 www.google.com.
 Elements of Styles.