Cannabis is an ancient psychoactive plant with over 400 chemicals. It is commonly used recreationally or medicinally. According to Ayurveda, it is classified as a poison and has properties of reducing vata and kapha doshas. It acts via cannabinoid receptors in the brain and body. While it has indications like pain, seizures and nausea, it also has risks of intoxication, withdrawal symptoms, and long term side effects like weight loss and psychosis with chronic use. Recent research suggests it may help neuropathic pain but also carries adverse effects.

1. BHANGA
Guided by –Dr. Adarsha sir
Dr. Shivanand sir
Presented by –Sahana .S

2. Content
■ Introduction
■ Classification
■ Morphology
■ Active principles
■ Mode of action
■ Rasa panchaka
■ Forms and preparation of cannabis
■ Shodhana
■ Indication
■ Signs and treatment
■ Medico legal importants
■ Recent research updates

3. Introduction
■ cannabis is a generic term used to denote several
psychoactivepreparation of the plant Cannabis sativa.
■ It is the oldest psychoactive substances used by man
■ It is widely used as recreational substances & in medicinal drugs.
■ It is called as the gateway drug.
■ It is more commonly called as marijuana.
■ Other names - weed, pot, grass, herb, maryjane etc...

4. Scientific classification
■ Botanical name:Cannabis sativa
■ Family: cannabaceae
■ English - Indian Hemp
■ Kannada- Bhangi soppu
■ Hindi - bhang, ganja, charas
■ Sanskrit synonyms – Vijaya Madani Shivapriya etc
Varieties:sub species
1. Cannabis sativa
2. Cannabis indica
3. Cannabis ruberalis

5. Classification
■ According to Modern
1. Neurotic cerebral poison
2. Stupefying poison
■ According to ayurveda
1. Sthavara -visha
2. Upavisha- Rasatarangini
3. Moolavisha-Sushruta

6. Morphology
■ Habitat-Native to central & southern Asia.
■ Habit -A erect annual herbaceous & scarcelybranched plant of height 1-
5meters. Leaves-Stalked palmate, alternate.
■ Flowers-Small, pale yellow green, Dioecious.
■ Fruits Ovate flat.
■ Seeds- flat seeds, achene.

7. Active principles
■ Cannabis is a complex plant with over 400 chemical entities of which more than
60 are cannabinoids
■ Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)- major psychoactive
■ Cannabidiol (CBD)& Cannabinol- non psychoactive

8. Mode of action
■ Cannabinoid receptors are CB1 & CB2 receptors are called as
endocannabinoid receptors present in brain and other organs.
■ Both THC & CBD will bind to cannabinoid receptors,while they havehigh
lipophilicity so they rapidly distribute to brain, adipose tissue, &other organs of
the body.
■ THC being psychoactive stimulant, it effect pain perception, cognition,
memory,reward,motor coordinationetc
Toxic part
when taken in excess of all parts of plant are toxic.

9. Rasa panchaka
■ Rasa : Tikta
■ Guna : Laghu, tikshna, vyavahi
■ Virya : Ushna
■ Vipaka : Katu
■ Prabhava : mada
■ Karma : vatahara&kaphahara
Part used
Leaves, flowers, shoot, fruits, seeds, resin…

10. Forms and preparation of cannabis
■ Bhang-dried leaves, fruits & shoot
With sugar, black pepper made in paste form
consumed in holy festivals
Color – brownish
THC -15%

11. ■ Ganja – flowering tops of female plant.
■ It is usually smoked with tobacco.
■ Color-rusty green
■ THB – 25%

12. ■ Charas/hashish - resinous exudate from Leaves & stem
■ which is dried & compressed in to blocks,
■ it is smoked with tobacco.
■ Color-dark green
■ THC-25-40%

13. Shodhana
■ Leaves of bhang tied in cloth, boiled in cows’smilk for 3 hours using
dolayantra.then it is washed with water, dried and roasted with cow’s ghee on
lowL flame.

14. Indications
■ Muscle pain
■ Insomnia
■ Diarrhea
■ Psychiatric disorders
■ Convulsions
■ Glaucoma
■ Schizophrenia
■ Epilepsy etc..
External application
■ Bhang leaves paste is applied externally to relieve pain & increasewarmth.
■ It is also used in worm infested wounds & in atopic dermatitis
■ It is applied over piles mass to shrink it

15. As per the ayurveda Bhang Uses
■ दीपनी पचना
■ अतिसारहरा‘
■ द्वजभङ्गहरा
■ तनद्रप्रदतिनी
■ प्रलपनातिनी
■ धनुः स्तम्भहरा
■ आन्त्रिलहरा
■ वृक्किलहर

16. Formulation
■ Jatiphala curna
■ Madanodaya modaka
■ Trailokyavijaya vati
■ Bruhat kameshwara modaka
■ Agnikumar Rasa
■ Pusphpadhanwa rasa
■ Nirdrodiya rasa
■ bhanumutrantaka rasa

17. Action and metabolism
■ The THC is lipid soluable & rapidly absorbed in blood after inhalation. It is highly
protein bound & quickly redistributed from blood in to other tissues.
■ About 1% penetrates in to blood brain barrier
■ About 2/3 of drug is excreted via enterohepatic circulation in to faeces.
■ Remaining 1/3 is removed via kidneys.
■ Most metabolites of TCH are produced in liver.

18. Signs and symptoms
As per modern
■ Two stages occur: Acute Intoxication
■ 1. Stage of excitement or euphoria
■ 2. Stage of narcosis
As per ayurveda
■ Poisoning due to bhang exhibited
following symptoms-
■ timira (opthalmic disorders)
■ manovibhrama (mental confusion)
■ apasmrti (transient loss of
memory)
■ pralapa (delirium)
■ Vanti(vomiting)
■ Kanthasuskata( dryness of throat

19. In acute intoxication of bhang mortality is rare, the individually pass in to deep sleep and wake
up without depression
.Rarely, drowsiness may be followed by coma,collapse & death may occur form respiratory
paralysis.

20. Route of administration

21. ■ Fatal period
■ Approximately around 12-24
hours
Fatal dose and period

22. Features of chronic intoxication
1.Loss of weight
2. Loss of appetite
3. Loss of libido
4.Moral deterioration
5. General weakness
6.Emaciaton
7. Delirium
8.Pscychotic disorder etc.

23. Run amok
■ It is psychotic disturbance usually seen in chronic cannabies users or even first
time user of Cannabis.
■ it is characterized by eager desire of the person to commit murders.
■ He first kills the person against whom he have a enmity and kills anyone who
come in the way until the homicidal tendency lasts.
■ then he may commit suicide or he may surrender himself.

24. Withdrawal symptoms
■ -It is usually seen in chronic cannabis users.
■ -This may include as follows
■ Tremors
■ Nystagmus
■ Sweating
■ Nausea & vomiting etc,

25. Treatment
■ As per ayurveda
■ - तिरस्नान with अतििीि जल
■ -गो दग्ध with तसि for
consumption…
■ As per Modern
■
■ -inducing vomiting
■ -stomach wash with warm water
■ - cold water irrigation over the head
■ - strong tea or coffee for ingestion
■ -500ml of 50% glucose
■ -2 mg naloxone
■ -5-10 mg of diazepam if aggressive
■ - if necessary saline purgatives

26. Postmortem findings
■ findingNot characteristic
■ Resembles signs of asphyxia
Medico-legal importance
■ Accidental ingestion or inhalation
■ Overindulgence
■ To strengthen the nerves before committing a crime or bold act•
■ Used as stupefying poison

27. Recent Research updates
■ cannabis may have benefit for use in treatment of neuropathic pain, with limited
data for use in rheumatic pain. However, there are both short- term and long-
term adverse effects with cannabis use that should be monitored in those who
use cannabis for medicinal purposes, which include worsened anxiety and
potential development of cannabis use disorder