- Consistent time synchronization is critical for broadcasting over IP networks, as standards like SMPTE 2059 and AES67 use IEEE 1588 PTP to timestamp audio and video streams. - SMPTE 2059 generates timing signals aligned to the SMPTE epoch and transports them over IP using PTP, enabling aligned audio, video, and metadata streams over asynchronous IP networks. - Relying solely on GNSS for timing poses availability risks, so combining GNSS with network timing provides greater accuracy and resiliency through technologies like SyncE and redundant master clocks.