Presented in GloCALL 2015, Daejeon, Korea, 12-14 November 2015 Abstract Social Networking Sites (SNSs) has become a ubiquitous tool in human's life. It does not only serve personal purposes of socializing and communication, some studies have also explored the benefits and the downsides of using them for professional purposes in various lines of jobs. In the case of educators, there is generally a positive tone in regards to the use of SNSs, suggesting that they can be useful in developing and improving professional competences among pre-service and in-service teachers (Forte, Humphreys, & Park, 2012; Power, 2013; Bissessar, 2014; Manca & Ranieri, 2014; Soomro, Kale, & Zai, 2014; Sumuer, Esfer, & Yildirim, 2014). This study is going to explore the network and relationship among actors in SNSs, particularly on identifying actors that are influential in the network and the types of relationship among actors, as well as how the strength of the network contributes on the social capital of the teachers in their profession. Using the framework of computer-mediated discourse analysis and social capital applied on conversations in Facebook groups of English teachers from Indonesia, the study is expected to shed light on the best practices of informal teacher development through SNSs. Keywords Social Networking Sites, Social Capital, Actor-Network Theory, Teachers Professional Development, Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis Bio Neny Isharyanti is currently a lecturer at the English Education program of Faculty of Language and Literature, Satya Wacana Christian University, Salatiga, Indonesia. Her research interests include Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis and sociolinguistics.

1. BestPracticesin
English Teachers
FacebookGroups
Neny Isharyanti
Satya Wacana Christian University
Salatiga, Indonesia

2. Today’s Presentation
• Studies show…
• The study
• The results
• Discussions
• Limitations
• What’s next?
• Q & A
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

3. STUDIES
SHOWS..
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea |
14.11.2015

4. Studies show…
• positive tone about the use of SNSs
• useful in developing and improving
professional competences among pre-
service and in-service teachers
• Forte, Humphreys, & Park, 2012; Power,
2013; Bissessar, 2014; Manca & Ranieri,
2014; Soomro, Kale, & Zai, 2014; Sumuer,
Esfer, & Yildirim, 2014.
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

5. THE STUDY
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea |
14.11.2015

6. The Study
• A Facebook group of English teachers in
Indonesia with 5,169 members
• Interactions: 1 January – 31 October 2015
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

7. The Study
• Theoretical Frameworks
 Social Capital – bridging (vs. bonding and
maintained)
 Social Network Analysis (SNA)
• Quantitative
 NodeXL– number of postings, comments,
likes, shares, interactions
• Qualitative
 content analysis – posts & comments
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

8. THE
RESULTS
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea |
14.11.2015

9. The Results
• Contents
 What content(s) generate more virality?
 What content(s) generate more discussions?
• Actors
 Who are the significant actors?
 What role(s) do they play?
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

10. THE
RESULTS:
CONTENTS
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea |
14.11.2015

11. Contents
• Virality
 Number of interactions (seen & unseen)
 Discussions
• Contents
 Type
 Interface
 Features
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

12. The whole network– graphic
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

13. The whole network- data
• 22 posts – average 2.2 posts/month
• 1488 interactions (seen & unseen) – average
148.8 interactions/month
• 156 active actors (3% of overall members)
• Topics:
 Materials, curriculum, experiences (teaching &
non-teaching), conference opportunities,
competition opportunities, information seeking,
job vacancies, school ads, showcase
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

14. Virality – interactions
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015
Materials
32%
Experience (teaching)
30%
Curriculum
25%
Curriculum, Unknown, Conference
Opportunities, Publication
Opportunities, Materials
9%
Information Seeking, Materials,
PublicationOpportunities,
Experience (non-teaching), Ads, Job
Vacancy, Competition
Opportunities, Showcase,
Conference Opportunities)
4%
Interactions Virality

15. Highestvirality – materials
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

16. Highestvirality – materials
• Post
 Materials
 Link sharing
(English)
 Narrative
• What
• Why
• Where
 Visual
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

17. Highestvirality – materials
• Virality:
 Seen: 29 likes, 7
comments &
replies, 0 shares
 Unseen: 476
interactions (types
of interactions,
relationship
between users)
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

18. Highestvirality – materials
• Discussions
 Thanks
 Evaluation
 Sharing permission
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

19. 2nd highestvirality - experience
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

20. 2nd highestvirality - experience
• Post
 Experience (teaching)
 Photo sharing (English)
 Narrative
• What
• Who
• Where
• How
• Why
 Visual
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

21. 2nd highestvirality - experience
• Virality
 Seen: 30 likes, 15
shares, 4 comments
 Unseen: 448
interactions
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

22. 2nd highestvirality - experience
• Discussion:
 Confirmation
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

23. 3rd highest interaction - curriculum
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

24. 3rd highest interaction - curriculum
• Post
 Curriculum
• Curriculum competence
standards
• Prediction of national
exam materials
 Link sharing (English)
 Narrative
• What
 Visual
 Similar to 4th highest
interaction (in
Indonesian)
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

25. 3rd highest interaction - curriculum
• Virality
 Seen (27 likes, 25
shares, 0
comments)
 Unseen: 378
interactions
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

26. 4th highest interaction -curriculum
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

27. 4th highest interaction -curriculum
• Post
 Test
• Prediction of
national exam
materials
 Link sharing
(Indonesian)
 Narrative
• What
 Visual
 Similar to 3rd
highest interaction
(in English)
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

28. 4th highest interaction -curriculum
• Virality
 Seen: 9 likes, 11
shares
 Unseen: 45
interactions
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

29. 4th highest interaction -curriculum
• Discussion
 Requests
 Information
check
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

30. Other posts interactions
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

31. THE
RESULTS:
ACTORS
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea |
14.11.2015

32. Actorsimportanceinbridging the
network
• In-degree
• Out-degree
• Betweenness centrality
• Closeness centrality
• Eigenvector centrality
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

33. Actorsimportanceinbridging the
network
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015
Actor In-Degree Out-
Degree
Betweenness
Centrality
Closeness
Centrality
Eigenvector
Centrality
Iwan Wijaya 30 16 5088.98 0.0048 0.0168
EmiliaTrias Ananda 3 34 2793.49 0.0040 0.0009
Sri Harni 15 21 2450.26 0.0045 0.0166
Nurheni Widyastuti 16 17 2265.86 0.0038 0.0009
TheresiaVinaIndriyani 58 3 1870.00 0.0044 0.0293
Riyani Rihanni 47 9 1246.00 0.0043 0.0291
Agus SiswantoSabarson 27 29 1246.00 0.0043 0.0291
LeksitoRini 2 53 1246.00 0.0043 0.0291
Tuty Prasetya 0 32 1180.00 0.0039 0.0165

34. Actors– significance of bridging role
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

35. Actors – comparison ofbridging
significance
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

36. Relationship between actors and
posts
• Most bridging actors
 Iwan Wijaya
• 1st, 2nd, 6th, 7th highest interaction
 Emilia Trias
• 3rd, 4th, 7th highest interaction
• Least bridging actors
 Nuniek Qurniasih Soeroto
• 22nd highest interaction
 Sihabuddin Maarif
• 20th highest interaction
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

37. Roles of the bridgingactors
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015
Liked post Approving a content
Liked comment Approving a content
Co-liker Approving other actor’s action on a content
Commented post Signifying a content
Co-commenter Approving the other actor’s action ona content

38. DISCUSSIO
NS
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea |
14.11.2015

39. Discussions
• High number of members  High activity
 2.2 posts/month – 0.058/day
 148.8 interactions/month – 4.29
interactions/day
 156 active actors (3% of overall members)
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

40. Discussions
• But, it’s not about the number, it’s about
the quality of interactions
 Bridging actors
 Meaningful interaction
• Virality  the spread of the information
• Bridging actors  the interest to/ the usability of
the information
• Discussion  the depth of the information
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

41. Discussions
• Posts that work:
 Usable teaching-related matters (materials,
curriculum, experience, etc. )
 With enough explanation/description at “a
glance”
• Visual
• Narrative
 Doesn’t matter in what language
 Interacted by “bridging actors”
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

42. LIMITATION
S
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea |
14.11.2015

43. Limitations
• Not a “controlled” group
 Testing the quality of the posts?
• Who’s the owner?
 credibility issues
• Bridging actors?
 credibility issues
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

44. WHAT’S
NEXT?
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea |
14.11.2015

45. What’s next?
• Created a Facebook group with more
control on the posts
• Interviews to the bridging actors
 Identity
 Perception on the group’s interactions
GloCALL 2015 | Daejeon, South Korea | 14.11.2015

46. ANY
QUESTIONS
?
neny@staff.uksw.edu
@nenyish
about.me/neny