The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the Bird's Nest, is located in Beijing, China. It has three floors and is 226 feet tall. It was designed by Herzog & De Meuron and engineered by Ove Arup & Partners to withstand earthquakes up to magnitude 8. The stadium's steel lattice exterior and separate concrete interior allow the two structures to move independently during seismic activity without damaging the stadium. The Bird's Nest can seat over 91,000 spectators across its eight individual concrete seating sections.

1. Beijing National Stadium
Bird’s Nest

2. Location – In the
olympic green Bejing
China
Number of floors –
Three, 226 feet.
Architect – Herzog &
De Meuron
Structural Engineer –
Ove Arup & Partners
MEP Engineers – Ove
Arup & Partners
Contractor – CITIC
Internationals

3. Due to the fact that Beijing is
located in an earthquake
zone, it was imperative to be
able to withstand the earth’s
movement. By building the
stadium in two separate
parts, including a steel lattice
structure and a concrete
bowl separated by 50ft. the
designers were able to create
a structure flexible enough to
handle considerable seismic
activity.

4. The building design had to
consider the seating
arrangement for over 91,000
spectators. The seats and the
athletic fields are housed in the
inner concrete bowl, similar to
an egg in a bird’s nest. The
stands that hold spectators,
were constructed as eight
different zones. Each section of
the bowl is like a building, there
are eight different “buildings” all
working together each with
their own stability system. The
bird’s nest is prepared to
withstand an earthquake of up
to magnitude 8 on the Richter
Scale.

5. Structural Systems

6. The Stadium is a massive and
an incredibly complicated
structure. The structural
design was introduced by the
Herzog & De Meuron, whom
from very initial stages have
been working with structural
engineers from Ove Arup &
Partners and developing 3D
models.

7. The detail shows one of the
numerous connections
involved in the structure.
Due to such significant
loads on the structure
members as well as their
connections had to be
designed carefully, the
welding process alone
sometimes took 17 hours
per connection with several
welders switching places to
avoid exhaustion.

8. Welding detail

10. The structure must
resist a total of
56,625 tons of
vertical load. The
Steel structure
itself must resist its
own load of 42,000
tons and 11,625
tons of live load,
totaling in 53,625
tons. The Plinth
type of the
foundation is
essential to carry
such a load, which
is evenly
distributed.

11. The loads at each intersection are split between the members
and transferred downward as indicated.

12. The massive steel structure resists lateral loads in a similar manner as the
horizontal ones. In addition, instead of the loads hitting the structure and
following it downwards and upwards it is broken down through the lattice of
steel while being weakened and providing natural ventilation in the building.

13. The outer steel structure is completely separate from the inner stadium
seating area and is placed 50 feet apart. this placement allows the two
structures move independently in case of an earthquake. Steel has a
rather high modulus of elasticity as compared to the concrete, therefore
the entire outer structure could be put together as a unit and withstand
earthquakes. The core of the stadium was constructed out of the pre-cast
reinforced concrete. Because concrete has significantly lower modulus of
elasticity, it was divided into eight individual sections. this division allows
each portion of structure to move independently of the other in case of
seismic motion causing minimal amount of damage.