This document summarizes research on behavioral problems associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). It lists over 40 common behavioral issues seen in individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure, such as poor judgment, inability to understand consequences, attention problems, mood issues, and social/emotional challenges. Academic testing of individuals with FASD showed average IQ scores ranging from 40-130, with lower average scores in reading, spelling, math, and adaptive behaviors. Mental health problems were the most prevalent secondary disability, experienced by 94% of those studied. Disrupted school and legal problems were also common.
Psychiatric concerns about the consequences of prenatal alcohol exposureBARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Psychiatric concerns about the consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure
I have omitted the references in these papers. They can be downloaded.
In 2014 the US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) announced it was going to divert research funding from abstract psychiatry to the neurobiological roots of disease.
This has resulted in identification of the abnormal brain functions relating to the behavioral diagnoses of the DSM5. These brain disfunctions are not the cause of DSM5 mental illnesses: they are the true pathology of those mental illnesses. The question is- what is the cause of those brain disfunctions?
Psychiatry has never explored the role of prenatal alcohol, or preconceptual alcohol in the etiology of mental illnesses.
This is in spite of anecdotal, behavioral, epidemiological, neurological and epigenetic correlations.
Meanwhile mental illness, addictions and suicides continue unabated, in spite of huge expenditures.
The day will come when the genes that control individual aspects of brain function will be identified. Changes in gene expression will be related to clinical presentations, such as those in the DSM5: the generation at which those changes occurred will be determined.
The agent that caused those changes, with other environmental factors, will be identified.
Then we will understand to what degree alcohol has determined the nature of mental illness.
ADHD-LD The Non Disability Disability Rev29Jul2012bricerjohnson
Academic research about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) resulted in exposing faulty scientific publication by Centers for Disease Control (CDC) which caused significant under-reporting and deprivation of care and education of hundreds of thousands of children.
Given the very limited number and quality of research, the subject work by CDC continues to be cited by lazy researchers, resulting in a huge percentage of society being deprived of appropriate education and economic opportunity.
A systematic review of prevention interventions to reduce prenatal alcohol ex...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a preventable, lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder caused by prenatal alcohol
exposure. FASD negatively impacts individual Indigenous communities around the world. Although many prevention
interventions have been developed and implemented, they have not been adequately evaluated. This systematic review updates
the evidence for the effectiveness of FASD prevention interventions in Indigenous/Aboriginal populations internationally, and in specific populations in North America and New Zealand, and offers recommendations for future work.
New Concepts in the Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Precision Treatment of ADHD i...Louis Cady, MD
This is the Grand Rounds Presentation at Saint Mary's Hospital here in Evansville, IN. In it, Dr. Cady covers the notable uptick in the diagnosis of ADHD, reviews societal effects contributing to the increased diagnosis, and reviews the precision diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. He presents a rigorous grounding in diagnostic fundamentals, notes the contribution of SPECT imaging toward our understanding of ADHD, and reviews the precise pharmacotherapeutic treatment of ADHD to avoid side effects and control symptoms.
This presentation is the one that was actually presented (with updated title slide to reflect the weather outside this morning), and has the seven "true/false" questions at the end with the correct answers indicated.
The impact of traumatic childhood experiences on cognitive and behavioural fu...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Early diagnosis and interventions can help to prevent or reduce secondary conditions
associated with FASD: early diagnosis is associated with fewer adverse and more positive life outcomes in individuals with FASD (Streissguth et al., 2011) and emerging data on interventions are showing a similar effect (Carmichael-Olson & Montague, 2011). Interventions generally include pharmacological, behavioural and educational treatments, and many of these have shown promising results, but much more data are required in order to inform and develop theoretical foundations, methods and outcomes (Chandrasena, Mukherjee, & Turk, 2009; Mukherjee, Cook, Fleming, & Norgate, 2016). Moreover, risk factors such as abuse and neglect have received little attention within the FASD literature, leaving a risk that these factors are confounding results and conclusions.
This thesis was proposed in a collaboration between the National FASD Clinic and the University of Salford in order to develop the limited understanding of the expected presentation and development of children with exposure to both prenatal alcohol and postnatal trauma, with the long-term aim of improving interventions in this population.
Challenges in accurately assessing prenatal alcohol exposure inBARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Comment on the paper - Challenges in accurately assessing prenatal alcohol exposure in a study of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in a youth detention center.
Response to the five Danish papers. Submitted but not accepted for publicationBARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
In 2012 the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology publish five papers from the Danish Lifestyle During Pregnancy Study Group. These publications received a great deal or world wide media coverage. The emphasis of most of this coverage was in support of drinking low to moderate amounts of alcohol during pregnancy.
Over a period of approximately six months I corresponded with the editor of the BJOG to have a letter of response published in the journal. Although I modified my letter as was requested it was not published.
Barry Stanley
Psychiatric concerns about the consequences of prenatal alcohol exposureBARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Psychiatric concerns about the consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure
I have omitted the references in these papers. They can be downloaded.
In 2014 the US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) announced it was going to divert research funding from abstract psychiatry to the neurobiological roots of disease.
This has resulted in identification of the abnormal brain functions relating to the behavioral diagnoses of the DSM5. These brain disfunctions are not the cause of DSM5 mental illnesses: they are the true pathology of those mental illnesses. The question is- what is the cause of those brain disfunctions?
Psychiatry has never explored the role of prenatal alcohol, or preconceptual alcohol in the etiology of mental illnesses.
This is in spite of anecdotal, behavioral, epidemiological, neurological and epigenetic correlations.
Meanwhile mental illness, addictions and suicides continue unabated, in spite of huge expenditures.
The day will come when the genes that control individual aspects of brain function will be identified. Changes in gene expression will be related to clinical presentations, such as those in the DSM5: the generation at which those changes occurred will be determined.
The agent that caused those changes, with other environmental factors, will be identified.
Then we will understand to what degree alcohol has determined the nature of mental illness.
ADHD-LD The Non Disability Disability Rev29Jul2012bricerjohnson
Academic research about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) resulted in exposing faulty scientific publication by Centers for Disease Control (CDC) which caused significant under-reporting and deprivation of care and education of hundreds of thousands of children.
Given the very limited number and quality of research, the subject work by CDC continues to be cited by lazy researchers, resulting in a huge percentage of society being deprived of appropriate education and economic opportunity.
A systematic review of prevention interventions to reduce prenatal alcohol ex...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a preventable, lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder caused by prenatal alcohol
exposure. FASD negatively impacts individual Indigenous communities around the world. Although many prevention
interventions have been developed and implemented, they have not been adequately evaluated. This systematic review updates
the evidence for the effectiveness of FASD prevention interventions in Indigenous/Aboriginal populations internationally, and in specific populations in North America and New Zealand, and offers recommendations for future work.
New Concepts in the Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Precision Treatment of ADHD i...Louis Cady, MD
This is the Grand Rounds Presentation at Saint Mary's Hospital here in Evansville, IN. In it, Dr. Cady covers the notable uptick in the diagnosis of ADHD, reviews societal effects contributing to the increased diagnosis, and reviews the precision diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. He presents a rigorous grounding in diagnostic fundamentals, notes the contribution of SPECT imaging toward our understanding of ADHD, and reviews the precise pharmacotherapeutic treatment of ADHD to avoid side effects and control symptoms.
This presentation is the one that was actually presented (with updated title slide to reflect the weather outside this morning), and has the seven "true/false" questions at the end with the correct answers indicated.
The impact of traumatic childhood experiences on cognitive and behavioural fu...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Early diagnosis and interventions can help to prevent or reduce secondary conditions
associated with FASD: early diagnosis is associated with fewer adverse and more positive life outcomes in individuals with FASD (Streissguth et al., 2011) and emerging data on interventions are showing a similar effect (Carmichael-Olson & Montague, 2011). Interventions generally include pharmacological, behavioural and educational treatments, and many of these have shown promising results, but much more data are required in order to inform and develop theoretical foundations, methods and outcomes (Chandrasena, Mukherjee, & Turk, 2009; Mukherjee, Cook, Fleming, & Norgate, 2016). Moreover, risk factors such as abuse and neglect have received little attention within the FASD literature, leaving a risk that these factors are confounding results and conclusions.
This thesis was proposed in a collaboration between the National FASD Clinic and the University of Salford in order to develop the limited understanding of the expected presentation and development of children with exposure to both prenatal alcohol and postnatal trauma, with the long-term aim of improving interventions in this population.
Challenges in accurately assessing prenatal alcohol exposure inBARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Comment on the paper - Challenges in accurately assessing prenatal alcohol exposure in a study of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in a youth detention center.
Response to the five Danish papers. Submitted but not accepted for publicationBARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
In 2012 the British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology publish five papers from the Danish Lifestyle During Pregnancy Study Group. These publications received a great deal or world wide media coverage. The emphasis of most of this coverage was in support of drinking low to moderate amounts of alcohol during pregnancy.
Over a period of approximately six months I corresponded with the editor of the BJOG to have a letter of response published in the journal. Although I modified my letter as was requested it was not published.
Barry Stanley
Stimulant medications are among the highly abused drugs in the country. Surprisingly, stimulants like Ritalin and Concerta which are both methylphenidate and amphetamines (Adderal) are actually prescribed to treat people with ADHD.
Birth Defects was written for healthcare workers who look after individuals with birth defects, their families, and women who are at increased risk of giving birth to an infant with a birth defect. This book is being used in the Genetics Education Programme which trains healthcare workers in genetic counselling in South Africa. It covers: modes of inheritance, medical genetic counselling, birth defects due to chromosomal abnormalities, single gene defects, teratogens, multifactorial inheritance
ADHD is becoming much prevalent in childhood and adolescent , comorbidities like learning disability, anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder and tourette syndrome . Regarding the treatment we have to put in mind the comorbid disorder . Amphetamine Methylphenidate, Atomoxetine and behavioral treatment are considered of value in treating ADHD and comorbidities , ,
Submission to the Ontario Select Committee on developmental services. BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Submission to the Ontario Select Committee on developmental services. Jan. 2014: relating to the needs of those with FASD and the families who support them.
Stimulant medications are among the highly abused drugs in the country. Surprisingly, stimulants like Ritalin and Concerta which are both methylphenidate and amphetamines (Adderal) are actually prescribed to treat people with ADHD.
Birth Defects was written for healthcare workers who look after individuals with birth defects, their families, and women who are at increased risk of giving birth to an infant with a birth defect. This book is being used in the Genetics Education Programme which trains healthcare workers in genetic counselling in South Africa. It covers: modes of inheritance, medical genetic counselling, birth defects due to chromosomal abnormalities, single gene defects, teratogens, multifactorial inheritance
ADHD is becoming much prevalent in childhood and adolescent , comorbidities like learning disability, anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder and tourette syndrome . Regarding the treatment we have to put in mind the comorbid disorder . Amphetamine Methylphenidate, Atomoxetine and behavioral treatment are considered of value in treating ADHD and comorbidities , ,
Submission to the Ontario Select Committee on developmental services. BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Submission to the Ontario Select Committee on developmental services. Jan. 2014: relating to the needs of those with FASD and the families who support them.
Neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposureBARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Children and adolescents affected by prenatal exposure to alcohol who have brain damage that is manifested in functional impairments of neurocognition, self-regulation, and adaptive functioning may most appropriately be diagnosed with neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal exposure. This Special Article outlines clinical implications and guidelines for pediatric medical home clinicians to identify, diagnose, and refer children regarding neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal exposure. Emphasis is given to reported or observable behaviors that can be identified as part of care in
pediatric medical homes, differential diagnosis, and potential comorbidities. In addition, brief guidance is provided on the management of affected children in the pediatric medical home. Finally, suggestions are given for obtaining prenatal history of in utero exposure to alcohol for the pediatric patient.
Paper presented at-
Beyond Diagnosis: Interventions for Individuals Living with
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. St. Michael’s Hospital,
Toronto. September, 2005.
In his fourth and concluding lecture of the IMMH Conference in San Antonio, 2014, Dr. Cady reviews the statistics, epidemiology, biological nature and pharmacologic treatment of ADHD. The first part of the presentation was absolutely conventional allopathic psychiatry, inclusive of brain imaging.
The second part of the presentation considered: "If we are thinking about biological, psychological, and behavioral interventions for a 'psychiatric' patient, shouldn't we be considering the TWO biological levels?" The most normal biological level that "biologically trained psychiatrists" consider is medications and medication effectiveness. However, sometimes even the most vigorous, precise, and heroic efforts do not work. The potential confound it the underlying physiological, hormonal, nutrient, antioxidant, PUFA-rich state associated with optimal health and well being.
In the final analysis, shouldn't we make sure that we have BOTH of these biological foundations right?
We hope that you enjoy this provocative slide presentation.
Irit Bar Netzer: Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adoptive and Foster ...Beitissie1
The lecture focuses on the great importance of clinical and therapeutic intervention in improving behaviors, parent-child relationships and more, in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome cases.
Irit Bar Netzer: Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adoptive and Foster ...Beitissie1
The lecture focuses on the great importance of clinical and therapeutic intervention in improving behaviors, parent-child relationships and more, in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome cases.
PowerPoint presentation regarding many facets of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Feel free to share this with anyone who would benefit from this information. Some of the information is quite shocking. Included parenting and teaching strategies for those responsible for caring for a child with FASD.
Conclusions reached from my involvement with the Canadian criminal justice system. 2011.
amd- 2021
References of papers published by Dr Mansfield Mela, and others regarding FASD, PAE, Mental Health, and the Justice System.
Dr Mela is one of the very few Forensic Psychiatrists who understands and advocates for those with FASD.
The Nomenclature of the Consequences of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: PAE, and t...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
An historical account of the nomenclature relating to the effects of alcohol on the developing fetus.
The significance of facial features; the dose/threshold question; epigenetics, transgenerational consequences, and adult health issues, are raised.
The inadequacy of the present nomenclature is detailed
Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Brain Perfusion, Cognition and Behavi...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Abstract
A 15-year-old girl diagnosed with FASD underwent 100 courses of hyperbasic oxygen therapy (HBOT). Prior to HBOT, single motion emission compute tomographic begin imaging (SPECT)
revealed areas of hypo-perfusion bilaterally in the orbitofrontal region, temporal lobes and right dorsolateral—frontal, as well the medial aspect of the left cerebellum. Following two sets of HBOT treatments (60 plus 40), over 6 months, there was improvement in perfusion to the left cerebellum as well as the right frontal lobe. This was paralleled by improvement in immediate cognitive tests and an increase in functional brain volume. A follow-up 18 months after HBOT showed sustained
improvement in attention with no need for methylphenidate, as well as in math skills and writing.
This year as a priority of Proof Alliance’s legislative platform, major legislation that requires all children entering foster care be screened for prenatal exposure to alcohol in Minnesota was passed and signed into law. It is believed Minnesota is the first state in the nation to pass this legislation.
Four year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of choline for neurodeve...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Abstract
Background
Despite the high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), there are few interventions targeting its core neurocognitive and behavioral deficits. FASD is often conceptualized as static and permanent, but interventions that capitalize on brain plasticity and critical developmental windows are emerging. We present a long-term follow-up study evaluating the neurodevelopmental effects of choline supplementation in children with FASD 4 years after an initial efficacy trial
Abstract
This presentation includes a brief review of research into boredom, normal brain resting state and corresponding default mode[s].
The possible equivalence to the brain activity of those with FASD in relation to “being bored” is explored, with reference to brain anatomy and function.
Actual FASD clinical cases are presented to illustrate what individuals with FASD mean by “boredom”: describing the role of perseveration as a relief process.
Finally, the manner in which these processes are misinterpreted is explored, with implications for Psychiatry and the Justice System.
Association Between Prenatal Exposure to Alcohol and Tobacco and Neonatal Bra...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
IMPORTANCE Research to date has not determined a safe level of alcohol or tobacco use during pregnancy. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a noninvasive measure of cortical function that has previously been used to examine effects of in utero exposures and associations with
neurodevelopment.
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of prenatal exposure to alcohol (PAE) and tobacco smoking (PTE) with brain activity in newborns.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that even low levels of PAE or PTE are
associated with changes in offspring brain development.
Submitted to –
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
Consultation on draft quality standard – deadline for comments 5pm on 03/04/20
Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with covid...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help
clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale
for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future.
Outcomes of Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Patients With Residual Depressive SymptomsA Randomized Clinical Trial
Zindel V. Segal, PhD1; Sona Dimidjian, PhD2; Arne Beck, PhD3; et alJennifer M. Boggs, PhD3; Rachel Vanderkruik, MA2; Christina A. Metcalf, MA2; Robert Gallop, PhD4; Jennifer N. Felder, PhD5; Joseph Levy, BA2
Author Affiliations
JAMA Psychiatry. Published online January 29, 2020. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4693
Significance for fasd
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Behaviours of those with FASD.
1. From: psoba via FASlink faslink@googlegroups.com
Subject: [FASlink] Resend: Behavior Scale and 1996 Final Report
Date: December 23, 2017 at 7:38 AM
To: FasLink@googlegroups.com
The following are behavioral problems from "A Fetal Alcohol Behavior Scale" published in the *Alcoholism: Clinical and
Experimental Research* journal by Dr. Ann Streissguth <http://depts.washington.edu/fadu>.
Behaviors in the Scale can include the following and are presented in order of frequency:
unaware of consequences of an action
poor attention (may not be true attention deficit disorder)
can't take hints
overreacts
mood swings
interrupts
poor judgment
likes to be the center of attention
loses things
overstimulated
fidgety
likes to talk
demands attention
often described as "...tries hard but..."
out of context
overly friendly
sleep problems
superficial friendships
hygiene problems
messy
touches people frequently
chats but no content
klutzy
poor manners
talks fast
physically loving
can't play team sports
difficulty performing even though can repeat instructions
unusual topics of conversation
inappropriate behavior at home
inappropriate behavior outside the home
repeats often
sensitive to noises
loud, unusual voice
problems with sexual function
Other Central Nervous System symptoms that have been reported by other researchers may include:
mental retardation (IQs of these children can range from 40 to 130)
Cerebral Palsy symptoms
epilepsy symptoms
short term memory loss
intermittent long term memory problems
perseveration (does things over and over)
attachment disorder
speech and language problems
receptive/expressive language disorder
sensory integration dysfunction
disorderly conduct
has trouble learning new motor skills
fine motor skills are problematic
sensitive or insenstive to bright lights
has dry, flakey skin
distinct odor to self or room or clothes
stomach and/or bowel problems
unusual eye and hearing problems
problems with menstrual periods
may often be diagnosed as: ADHD, Asperger's. Autistic, Pervasive Developmental Delay, Antisocial Personality,
Hyperactivity, Borderline Personality Disorder.
2. Behavioral problems might be apparent at birth, start with schooling or may not appear until the child begins puberty. The
description of the parents often includes the phrase, "There is something wrong but I just can't put my finger on it."
Children with full FAS are more easily recognized as having problems. Children with Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE)/Alcohol
Related Neuodevlopmental Disorders (ARND)/partial FAS do not have all of the physical signs of FAS but have most of
the behavioral problems. The majority of behavioral problems are not clearly evident until the child enters school.
From The August 1996 Final Report: Understanding the Occurrence of Secondary Disabilities in Clients with Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE). This report may be ordered through the Fetal Alcohol and Drug Unit,
University of Washington, 180 Nickerson, Suite 309, Seattle, Washington 98109-9112. Tel: 206-543-7155. Website:
http://depts.washington.edu/fadu
_____________________________________________________________________
*****"The most outstanding characteristics of FAS are bad judgment and the inability to make the connection between an
act and its consequences."*****
Dr. Ann Streissguth, University of Washington
_____________________________________________________________________
Note: Many researchers are now saying that Secondary Disabilities might be primary in accordance with the initial
damage to the cells of the brain by the alcohol.
Secondary disabilities are defined as those disabilities that a person is not born with and those disabilities that could be
prevented or made less severe through better understanding and practical intervention. In a study conducted by the
University of Washington on 473 clients, the following results were noted:
178 clients (almost 38%) were diagnosed with full FAS and had an average IQ of 79.
(In all evaluations, a score of 100 is considered to be normal)
Average Reading score was 78; Average Spelling score was 75; Average Math score was 70; Average Adaptive Behavior
Score was 61.
295 clients (over 62%) were diagnosed as having Fetal Alcohol Effects, most commonly called FAE and medically referred
to as Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders and had an average IQ of 90.
Average Reading score was 84; Average Spelling score was 81; Average Math score was 76; Average Adaptive Behavior
score was 67.
Of these clients, 415 were selected for a life history questionniare and these were the results: Mental Health Problems
were by far the most prevalent secondary disability experienced over the entire age sample (94%). (Ages 3-51 years).
The following results were found for those age 12 and older:
*Disrupted school experience (defined as having been suspended or expelled from school or having dropped out of
school) was experienced by 60% of the clients.
*Trouble with the law (defined as ever having been in trouble with authorities, charged or convicted of a crime) was
experienced by 60% of the clients.
*Confinement (including inpatient treatment for mental health problems or alcohol/drug problems, or ever having been
incarcerated for a crime) was experienced by almost 50% of the clients.
90 clients age 21 and older were selected for questions about self sufficiency or independent living skills.
80% of the clients, age 21 and older, were not self sufficient in the areas of *Getting Dressed
*Using Public Transportation
*Personal Hygiene
*Staying Out of Trouble
*Structuring Leisure Time
*Cooking Meals
*Grocery Shopping
*Interpersonal Relationships
*Getting Medical Care
*Getting Social Services
*Making Decisions
*Managing Money
80% of the 90 adults age 21 and over were still having employment problems that dealt with
*Lying
*Problems with Supervisor
*Anger Management
*Unreliability
*Social Problems
*Poor Judgment
*Poor Task Comprehension
*Easy Frustration
***Clients with FAE or Alcohol Related Neurological Disorders have a higher rate of ALL secondary disabilities except for
mental health problems. Mental Health Problems were by far the most prevalent secondary disability experienced over the
entire age sample (94%). (Ages 3-51 years).***
3. entire age sample (94%). (Ages 3-51 years).***
To read this in Japanese, please go to http://www.fasjapan.web.fc2.com
To read this in Chinese (Simplified or Traditional), please go to:
http://www.fasin.org
FAS in Spanish: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/Spanish/fas/default.htm
FAS Center for Excellence: http://fascenter.samhsa.gov/
The FASD Center for Excellence in Spanish: http://fasdcenter.samhsa.gov/fasdsp/index.cfm
National Directory of Professionals, Treatment Centers and Support Groups for the United States:
http://www.nofas.org/resource-directory/
National Directory for Canada: http://www.ccsa.ca
For help in diet, exercise and different types of therapy, please go to http://www.betterendings.org/
For free brochures, please go to http://www.fasalaska.com
Canadian Brochures on FASD (Various Topics)
http://www.fasdoutreach.ca/teacher-resources/print-resources/print-resources#1TDRTHA
Canadian eLearning videos
http://www.fasdoutreach.ca/elearning/modules-guide/modules-guide
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE SITES
Understanding Tests and Measurements:
http://www.wrightslaw.com/advoc/articles/tests_measurements.html
Characteristics of Students with FAS:
http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/specialed/fas/charstu.htm
School Advocacy:
http://www.come-over.to/FAS/schooladvocacy.htm
IDEA:
http://www.come-over.to/FAS/IDEA97notes.htm
IEP Guide:
http://www.ed.gov/parents/needs/speced/iepguide/iepguide.doc
When Your Child Does Not Qualify for Special Education:
http://www.come-over.to/FAS/IDEA504.htm
Training Teachers about FAS/E:
http://www.come-over.to/FAS/teachertraining.htm
Array of Disabilities:
http://come-over.to/FAS/array.htm
Using the Vineland Adaptive Scales:
http://www.come-over.to/FAS/VinelandRationale.htm
Teaching Students with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome:
http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/specialed/fas/under.htm
http://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/specedu/fas/pdf/4.pdf
http://www.education.gov.ab.ca/k_12/specialneeds/fasd/fasd.pdf
http://www.education.gov.yk.ca/publications.html (Making a Difference: Working with
students who have Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders)
http://education.alberta.ca/media/932737/redefining_final.pdf
http://www.usd.edu/medical-school/center-for-disabilities/fetal-alcohol-spectrum-disord
ers-education-strategies-handbook.cfm
Vocational Rehabilitation Program:
http:www.come-over.to/FAS/WhatWorksForJohn.htm
Legal Issues:
http://www.americanbar.org/groups/child_law/what_we_do/projects/child_and_adolescent_health/fasd.html
http://njjn.org/media/resources/public/resource_383.pdf
4. http://njjn.org/media/resources/public/resource_383.pdf
<http://www.epnet.com> or <FederalLegalPublications.com>
(In particular, the Winter 2010 and Spring 2011 issues of the Journal of Psychiatry and
Law.)
Central Nervous System Abnormalities Associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome:
http://cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr541a2.htm
Alcohol Equivalents for Different Drinks:
http://www.iprc.indiana.edu/publications/iprc/factline/alcdoses.html#DOSES
University of Washington <depts.washington.edu/fadu>
Fascets <www.fascets.org>
FASLink <www.faslink.org>
.
FASlink Website: http://www.faslink.org
Moderator's E-Mail: brightsgrove@yahoo.com
Manage Your Member Account: http://mail.acbr.com/mailman/listinfo/faslink_acbr.com
Current Discussions: http://mail.acbr.com/mailman/private/faslink_acbr.com/
FASlink Archives: http://www.faslink.org
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