3. What is Behaviorism?
● Behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable and measureable
concept of human behaviors.
● It asserts that the only observable behavior worthy of study.
● It is actions that can be directly observed rather than thoughts or emotions.
6. Classical Conditioning
● Learning by Association
● Creating a new response to a stimulus
Classical conditioning schedule
UCS. = UCR
UCS + NS = UCR
CS = CR
7. Key points of classical conditioning
Acquisition is the process by which an organism learns the association involved
in classical conditioning.
Stimulus Generalization: respond in the similar way to other similar stimuli or
situations after an organism has been conditioned to respond in a certain way.
Stimulus Discrimination The process in which an organism learns to difference
between different stimuli in order to restrict their response to one stimulus in
particular
8. Extinction is the disappearance of a previously learned behavior when the
behavior is not reinforced.
Spontaneous Recovery: The CR suddenly reappears even after then link
between CS and UCS has been broken down
9. Operant conditioning
● Learning by response consequences
● Learning by reinforcement
○ Positive reinforcement
○ Negative reinforcement
○ Punishment
10. Positive Reinforcement is presentation of stimulus that increase the probability
of a response.
Negative Reinforcement is a response or behavior that is strengthen by
stopping, removing or avoiding a negative outcome.
Punishment refers to adding something aversive in order to decrease a behavior.
11. Chaining
● Any skill can be thought of as a chain of small steps.
● Each step, or link in the chain, serves as a cue to do the next step.
● By building one step onto another learned step in the sequence, a strong
chain can be created.
12. Shapping
● Successive approximations are steps towards the target behavior, the
behavior you want to shape.
● Approximation means any behavior that resembles the desired behavior or
takes the person closer to the desired behavior.
● This is where the child is rewarded for approximating or getting close to the
steps that we want to see in the end.
13. Classroom Implications: as a teacher
● Focus on reinforcement schedule
● Focus on desired behavior
● Utilizes computer assisted instruction
● Provide constant feedback to students
14. Classroom Implications: as a student
● Repetitive behaviors
● Repetitive routines/lessons
● Receiving a reward through classroom system
● Utilizing various techonologies in the classroom
● Teacher-student communication
15. Final thought
● Behaviorism is based on observable behaviors, making it easier to conduct
and collect data and research
● Can be applicable therapy of children with behavioral disorder
● It is one dimentional approach
● Behaviorists does not account for other ways of learning that do not involve
positive or negative reinforcement
