The LNB (low noise block) is a key component of a satellite dish that collects and processes weak satellite signals. It contains electronic components that convert the signals to a lower frequency and amplify them for transmission to receivers via coaxial cable. LNBs are designed for specific frequency bands and polarizations. A universal LNB can receive both horizontal and vertical polarizations in the Ku band through voltage switching. Different LNB types support varying numbers of receivers and satellites through features like DiSEqC switching and multifeed designs.