More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to Bee sting and Anaphylaxis
Similar to Bee sting and Anaphylaxis (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Bee sting and Anaphylaxis
- 1. Dr. May Honey Ohn MBBS(Ygn), MRCP(UK), MRCPE, MRCS(Ed), MCEM(UK), MEmMed(UM) Senior Lecturer/ Emergency Physician Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Malaysia Sabah INSECT BITE AND BEE STING ALLERGY AND ANAPHYLAXIS This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- 2. LEARNING OUTCOME • Difference between allergy and anaphylaxis • First aid treatment for bee sting • First aid treatment for anaphylaxis • How to use epi-pen for anaphylaxis • Difference between bite and sting • How to reduce chances of being bitten or stung
- 3. ALLERGIC REACTION Bee or insect venom Antibiotics Pollen Animal dander Latex Sulfa drugs Certain foods (e.g., tree nuts, peanuts, shellfish and dairy products)
- 4. ALLERGY • Rash/ hives • Itching • Congestion • Difficulty breathing • Local reaction- redness, swelling and pain ANAPHYLAXIS • Hive • Abdominal pain/ cramp • Vomiting/ Diarrhea • Mental confusion/ Dizziness/ syncope • Swelling of mouth, throat, tongue which make difficulty breathing • Wheezing/ hoarseness of voice • Hypotension • Anaphylactic shock DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ALLERGY AND ANAPHYLAXIS
- 5. FIRST AID STEPS FOR ANAPHYLAXIS • If you know you may be allergic, especially if you've had a severe reaction in the past when stung by a bee or wasp, seek immediate medical help and call for an ambulance. • Do not drive yourself to the hospital, and do not ask someone else to drive you. • Take an antihistamine, hydrocortisone as soon as possible. • Asthma inhaler(albuterol) can help with coughing and wheezing. •
- 6. EPI-PEN FOR ANAPHYLAXIS • Self-injection – patient / family member should review instructions provided with the autoinjector each time a refill is obtained. • When to use Epi-pen If a person is having trouble breathing, tightness in the throat, lightheadedness. • How many times to use One dose per autoinjector. Different doses for young children versus older children and adults. More than one dose of epinephrine injection is usually required. • How to inject no need to undress, because the injector works through clothing.
- 7. • Open the cap 1 • Pull off the blue safety release. 2 • Inject against outer thigh and hold for 2-3 sec. 3 • Remove pen from thigh 4 • Message the injected area for 10 sec. 5 STEPS FOR USING EPI-PEN FOR ANAPHYLAXIS
- 8. SIDE-EFFECT OF EPINEPRHINE • Heart – Fast and/or pounding heartbeat, fleeting chest pain • Nervous system – Nervousness, trembling, feeling cold, anxiety, headache, dizziness • Digestive system – Nausea, dry throat • Lungs – Fleeting shortness of breath
- 9. AUTOINJECTOR DISPOSAL • The autoinjector should not be thrown away in the normal trash. • Take the used autoinjector with you to the hospital emergency department so that it can be disposed of safely.
- 10. HOW TO PREVENT ANAPHYLAXIS AGAIN • Tell the doctor or nurse that you had anaphylaxis before. • Learn the symptoms of anaphylaxis • Have an epinephrine auto-injector with you all the times. • Avoid food, medicine, insects you are allergic to • Wear a medical bracelet to let others know about your allergy.
- 11. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BITE AND STING • Biting insects use its mouth parts can transfer blood from other people and animals that they’ve bitten to you. (Eg., mosquitoes, ticks carry infection) • Insect sting inject venom to you that can irritate your skin. Insect stings can be deadly to people who are severely allergic to the insect venom.
- 12. WHAT TO LOOK FOR AFTER BEE STING Presence of a stinger. Pain Swelling Allergic reaction
- 13. FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR BEE STING Step 1 Remove any stingers immediately. Some experts recommend scraping out the stinger with a credit card. Step 2 • Apply ice for 20 minutes once every hour as needed. Wrap the ice in a towel or keep a cloth between the ice and skin to keep from freezing the skin. Step 3 • Taking an antihistamine such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or a non-sedating one such as loratadine (Claritin) will help with itching and swelling. Step 4 • Take acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen(Motrin) for pain relief as needed. Step 5 Wash the sting site with soap and water. Placing hydrocortisone cream on the sting can help relieve redness, itching, and swelling. Step 6 • If it's been more than 10 years since your last tetanus booster, get a booster within the next few days. Most insect stings require no additional medical care.
- 14. HOW TO REDUCE CHANCES OF BEING BITTEN OR STUNG • Wear shoes, long-sleeved shirts, and long pants when you go outside. If you are worried about ticks, tuck your pants into your socks and wear light colors so you can spot any ticks that get on you. • Wear bug spray. • Stay inside at dawn and dusk, when mosquitoes are most active. • Drain areas of standing water near your home, such as wading pools and buckets. • If you see a stinging insect, stay calm and slowly back away. • If you live in an area that has fire ants, avoid stepping on ant mounds. • If you find an insect nest in or near your house, call a pest-control service to get rid of the nest safely.
Editor's Notes
- At the end of this module, you are going to learn allergic reaction and anaphylactic reaction, the differences between insect bite and sting. How to do first aid treatment for anaphylaxis and step by step use of epi-Pen. At the end, you will be taught how to reduce chances of being bee stung.
- An allergic reaction is the response of the immune system to a foreign substance that enters the body. Common allergens include bee or insect venom, antibiotics, pollen, animal dander, sulfa and some foods such as nuts, peanuts, shellfish, strawberries and coconut oils.
- Allergic reactions can be mild to severe presentation. At first, the mild reaction may appear to be just a rash. But this condition can become life threatening severe allergic reaction which is called anaphylaxis. During anaphylaxis, the person’s face, neck and tongue may swell, closing the airway. Air passages swell and restrict a person’s breathing. The person also may feel dizzy, confused, tightness in the chest and throat or low blood pressure. Anaphylaxis can be brought on immediately within seconds or minutes when a person with an allergy comes into contact with any allergens.
- Call ambulance if victim is subject to severe allergic reactions in the past, unconscious or has trouble breathing, throat tightening. Please prescribe antihistamine, and hydrocortisone as soon as possible. Asthma inhaler can help with coughing and wheezing.
- Epinephrine is sometimes called adrenaline that is put inside of Epi-Pen which is a life saving medication used for anaphylactic reaction. If you have been prescribed epi-Pen, for an anaphylactic reaction, always carry two with you and use it as directed. Patient or family member should be taught about self-injection technique of epi-Pen. It should be used when a person is suspicious of anaphylactic reaction such as having trouble breathing, tightness in the throat, lightheadedness. There are different doses for young children versus older children and adults. Normally, one dose could relieve the symptoms. However, if not improving, second dose can be injected.
- Firstly, Flip open the cap and remove the pen from its carrier tube. Step 2, Hold the autoinjector in your dominant hand, making a fist. Keep fingers away from both ends to avoid sticking them. The end with the orange tip contains the needle and should be facing down. Use your other hand to pull off the blue safety release. If you are giving the injection to a child or someone who might not be able to stay still, hold his/her leg firmly in place so he/she does not move. Step 3, U have to hold the orange tip near the outer thigh. Swing and firmly push against the outer thigh until it clicks so that the unit is perpendicular (90 degree angle) to the thigh. Hold in place for at least two to three seconds to allow all of the medicine to be injected. The cartridge window will become obscured. Step 4, Remove the pen from the thigh. The orange needle cover will extend to automatically cover the needle. Finally, Massage the injected area for 10 seconds.
- There are several adverse effects of epinephrine. U might feel pounding heartbeat, fleeting chest pain, nervousness, headache, nausea and so on…
- The autoinjector should not be thrown away in the normal trash. Please take the used autoinjector with you to the hospital emergency department so that it can be disposed of safely.
- Some people know that they are allergic to certain substances or to insect stings. They may have learned to avoid these things and may carry medication and epi-Pen to reverse the allergic reaction. People who have severe allergic reactions may wear a medical identification tag, bracelet or necklace. Tell the doctor or nurse that you had anaphylaxis before.
- What are Difference between bite and sting? Biting insects use its mouth parts so that can transfer blood from other people and animals that they’ve bitten to you. However, Insect sting inject venom to you that can irritate your skin. Therefore, Insect stings can be deadly to people who are severely allergic to the insect venom.
- U can feel presence of stinger in your skin, pain around the sting area, swelling and some allergic reaction sooner after the bee sting.
- First aid treatment for bee sting includes of remove any stingers immediately after being stung. Apply ice around bee stung area to remove pain and swelling. Wrap the ice in a towel or keep a cloth between the ice and skin to keep from freezing the skin. Take an anti-allergic medication such as antihistamine to reduce itchiness and swelling. Pain killer such as Paracetamol to reduce the pain. After Washing the sting site with soap and water, Place hydrocortisone cream on the stung area that will help to relieve redness, itching, and swelling. Take a tetanus booster dose if it has been more than 10 years since last dose.
- There are several precautions can be taken to reduce another chances of insect bite or stung. 1. Wear shoes, long-sleeved shirts, and long pants when you go outside. 2. wear light colors to reduce attracting the bees. 3. Wear bug spray. Stay inside at dawn and dusk, when mosquitoes are most active. 4. Drain areas of standing water near your home, such as wading pools and buckets.5. If you see a stinging insect, stay calm and slowly back away. 6. If you live in an area that has fire ants, avoid stepping on ant mounds. 7. If you find an insect nest in or near your house, call a pest-control service to get rid of the nest safely.