Beams
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A beam is a structural member that is supported along its length and subjected to external forces acting perpendicularly to its central axis. There are different types of beams including cantilever, simply supported, overhanging, fixed, and continuous beams. Beams can experience different types of transverse loading such as point loads, uniformly distributed loads, and uniformly varying loads.
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This resource material is exclusively for the purpose of knowledge dissemination for the use of Civil engineering Fraternity, professionals & students.
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The presentation aims to provide clear,concise, technical details of flat slabs design.
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Kindly mail me ( vvietcivil@gmail.com) your questions & valuable feedback.
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This document discusses different types of beams and beam supports and reactions. It defines a beam as a structural element that can withstand loads by resisting bending. It describes simply supported beams, fixed beams, cantilever beams, overhanging beams, continuous beams, and trussed beams. It also discusses types of loads and notes that the reaction in a beam depends on the type of beam, loads, and supports, with reactions always generated at support ends for forces or couples.
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This resource material is exclusively for the purpose of knowledge dissemination for the use of Civil engineering Fraternity, professionals & students.
This file contains state of art techniques adopted & practiced as per IS456 code provisions for analysis design & detailing of flat slab structural systems.
The presentation aims to provide clear,concise, technical details of flat slabs design.
The presentation deals with structural actions & behavior of flat slabs with visual representations obtained through finite element analysis.
The knowledge gained can be used for designing building structures frequently encountered in construction.
The presentation covers an important feature of slab systems supported on rigid & flexible support & clearly demarcates the minimum beam dimensions required to consider the supports to be either rigid or flexible.
The presentation alsoincludes clear technical drawings to highlight the importance of detailing w.r.t. rebar lay out - positioning & curtailment. Typical section drawing through middle & column strips are also included for visualizing rebar patterns in 3 -d views.
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My next presentation would be on Analysis & design of deep beams.
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This document discusses different types of beams and loading conditions used in structural analysis. It defines dead load as the self-weight of building components and live load as external loads on a structure, which can be uniform, varying, or concentrated. Common beam types are described as simply supported, fixed, cantilever, continuous, and overhanging. Load types include concentrated, uniform distributed, uniformly varying, and applied couples. Shear force and bending moment are defined as the algebraic sum of vertical forces and moments acting on a beam cross section. Stress resultants in determinate beams can be calculated from equilibrium equations.
Types of beams
This presentation helps in understanding the basic concepts of types of beams and their various applications.
Module 3 SFD &BMD PART-1
Mr. Akash provides a 3-page document summarizing bending moment and shear force diagrams for various beam types including cantilevers, simply supported beams, overhanging beams, and continuous beams. The document defines key terms like shear force, bending moment, point load, uniformly distributed load, and point of contraflexure. It then provides examples of calculating reactions, shear forces, and bending moments for each beam type under different loading conditions such as a point load, uniform load, or varying load. Diagrams are included to illustrate the variations in shear force and bending moment.
Stucture design -I (Bending Moment & Shear Force)
This document discusses different types of beams and their end conditions, including cantilever beams, simply supported beams, overhanging beams, fixed beams, and continuous beams. It also describes bending moment and shear force, explaining that bending moment is the resultant moment of all forces on one side of a beam section, while shear force is the algebraic sum of vertical forces on one side. The document provides definitions and examples of how to draw bending moment and shear force diagrams.
Support and recatipon 1
This document discusses different types of beams and beam reactions. It defines a beam as a structural element that resists bending loads. The main types of beams described are simply supported, fixed, cantilever, overhanging, continuous, and trussed beams. Simply supported beams are supported at the ends and free to rotate, while fixed beams are restrained from rotating. Cantilever beams are fixed at one end only. The document also discusses types of beam loads and reactions, noting that reactions depend on the beam type, loads applied, and support type. Reactions always occur at support ends for any applied forces or couples.
Beam ,Loads,Supports , trusses
The document discusses different types of structural elements used in building construction including beams, loads, supports, columns, and trusses. It describes several types of beams such as simply supported beams, continuous beams, overhanging beams, cantilever beams, and fixed beams. It also discusses different types of loads, supports, and how columns and trusses function structurally.
Em ppt
I think It is simple but useful please comment if you like it and find it useful I am studying Civil Engineering @ Quest Nawabshah
Structural analysis and design Basics
This document discusses various topics related to structural analysis and design including:
1. Structural mechanics enables determining forces on members based on loads on the whole structure. Stresses and deformations can then be obtained.
2. Structures can be categorized based on function, form, analysis perspective, and type of loads. Different types of loads include concentrated, distributed, uniform, and varying loads.
3. Key concepts in structural analysis are shear force, bending moment, and deflected shapes. Shear force and bending moment are calculated at cross sections and deflected shapes show beam deformation under loading.
Types Of Beams, Supports & Loads by Mr. K.Satish Poojith Reddy
By the end of this presentation you will be able to identify different types of Beams, supports and loads which are seen commonly in this world
Note: There is also background voice for this presentation which give brief explanation about every slide, for activating audio I think you need to download this presentation
ADARSHA_PAMB0393_SIMLITUDE.pptx
1) A cantilever beam is a rigid structural element supported at one end and free at the other end, extending horizontally.
2) It bends downwards under loads, creating tension in the upper fibers and compression in the lower fibers. Shear force and bending moment are highest at the supported end.
3) Cantilever beams are used widely in bridges, buildings, towers, and other structures to allow overhanging elements without additional supports. Common applications include balconies, building entrances, and crane arms.
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HEAT TREATMENT
Heat treatment involves heating and cooling of metals to obtain desired properties. Common heat treatment processes include annealing, normalizing, and hardening. Quenching involves rapidly cooling heated steel to make it harder and stronger. Case hardening processes like carburizing add carbon to the surface of low-carbon steel to create a hard outer case. Induction and flame hardening are surface hardening techniques used for gears, shafts and other rotating components. Time-temperature transformation and continuous cooling transformation diagrams are used to determine the microstructures that form during heat treating processes.
NON-METALLIC MATERIALS
This document provides an overview of non-metallic materials including polymers, ceramics, and composites. It discusses key polymer types like polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and nylon. It describes their properties, production processes, and common applications. Terminology used in polymers like monomer, polymer, polymerization, homopolymer, and copolymer are also defined. The different types of polymerization and various polymer classifications are outlined.
TESTING OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
This document provides information on various mechanical tests conducted to evaluate properties of materials, including:
- Plastic deformation testing which evaluates a material's ability to deform permanently under load.
- Hardness testing methods like Brinell, Vickers, and Rockwell which indent materials with an indenter to assess hardness.
- Impact testing like Izod and Charpy tests which determine a material's resistance to sudden load by measuring how much energy is absorbed during fracture.
- Fatigue and creep testing which apply repeated or sustained loads to examine how materials withstand cyclic stresses or deformation over time.
A variety of destructive and non-destructive tests are described that are used industrially and for research to
FERROUS AND NON FERROUS METALS
- Steels are alloys of iron and carbon, with other common alloying elements including manganese, silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus.
- Carbon content determines the type of steel - low carbon (<0.35%) is mild steel, medium carbon (0.35-0.55%) is harder, and high carbon (0.55-1.55%) responds to heat treatment.
- Alloying elements like chromium, nickel, molybdenum increase properties like corrosion resistance, strength, and high temperature performance. Stainless steels contain a minimum of 10.5% chromium.
CONSTITUTION OF ALLOYS
1. Alloys are made of two or more metals to obtain desired properties like strength, toughness, corrosion resistance that pure metals lack.
2. A solid solution is a homogeneous mixture of atoms where solute atoms substitute or fit in the lattice structure of the solvent metal.
3. Cooling curves and phase diagrams are used to understand the solidification process of alloys and predict the phases present at various temperatures and compositions.
UNIT-II---FEA
A beam is a structural member that is supported along its length and subjected to external forces acting perpendicular to its central axis. There are different types of beams including cantilever, simply supported, overhanging, fixed, and continuous beams. Beams can experience different types of transverse loading such as point loads, uniformly distributed loads, and uniformly varying loads.
UNIT-IV-- FEA
This document discusses axisymmetric elements for finite element analysis. It covers the conditions required for a problem to be axisymmetric, including symmetry about the axis of revolution. It also discusses the derivation of shape functions for axisymmetric elements, including a three node axisymmetric triangular element. Finally, it mentions assembling the element stiffness matrix and calculating stresses and strains.
Unit-III---FEA
The Linear Strain Triangular (LST) element is a six noded triangular element that has 12 unknown displacement degrees of freedom. It can be used for finite element analysis of structures and materials. The LST element approximates strains and displacements using linear interpolation between its six nodes.
Unit-I--FEA
This document discusses the finite element method (FEM) for numerical analysis of engineering problems. It describes the general steps of FEM which include discretizing the domain into simple geometric elements, choosing interpolation functions, deriving the element stiffness matrices, assembling the matrices into a global system, applying boundary conditions, and solving for displacements/stresses. FEM allows for approximate solutions of complex problems involving various material properties, geometries, and loading conditions.
Unit 5--FEA
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Robotics - Unit-II
The document discusses various types of robot drive systems and end effectors. It describes hydraulic, pneumatic, and electric drive systems. Hydraulic drives use pressurized fluid and are suitable for heavy loads. Pneumatic drives use compressed air and are cheaper but generate more noise. Electric drives include AC servo motors, DC servo motors, and stepper motors. Stepper motors convert electrical pulses to rotational movement precisely. Servo motors are used in automatic control systems. The document also discusses actuators, motors, and end effectors like grippers used by robots.
Unit-V---Implementation of Robot
This document discusses material handling and various types of equipment used for moving materials within production environments, including automated guided vehicles (AGVs). It describes rail guided vehicles (RGVs) which use transportation rails to move multiple vehicles according to requirements. The document outlines different types of AGV navigation systems including laser target navigation and obstacle detection. It also discusses AGV control systems and batteries used to power AGVs. Laser guided vehicles are introduced which use laser scanners and targets for accurate positioning and guidance of material handling robots.
Economic analysis of robot
This document discusses different types of economic analysis used to evaluate robots, including cost effectiveness analysis, cost benefit analysis, and economic impact analysis. It describes return on investment (ROI) as a method that measures gains or losses from an investment relative to the amount invested. The document also explains that cash flow analysis evaluates a company's cash inflows and outflows from operations, financing, and investing to carefully manage cash flow.
UNIT-IV-- Robotics
The document discusses robot kinematics and robot programming. It covers topics like forward and inverse kinematics, Jacobian matrices, and manipulator dynamics. It also discusses trajectory generation and manipulator mechanism design. Finally, it discusses robot programming languages like VAL and how they are used to program motion commands, sensor commands, end effector commands, and simple programs.
Unit III-- senors in robotics
The document discusses various types of sensors and machine vision systems. It describes position sensors including piezoelectric sensors, LVDTs, optical encoders, and resolvers. It also covers range sensors, touch sensors, cameras, and image processing techniques. The key applications mentioned are inspection, identification, visual serving, and navigation.
Unit-2-- End effector
The document discusses various types of robot end effectors and grippers. It describes grippers classified based on the method used to hold objects like mechanical, vacuum, magnetic, etc. It also discusses gripper mechanisms, actuation methods, and factors to consider for gripper design and selection. The key types covered are mechanical, vacuum, magnetic, pneumatic, and hydraulic grippers.
Unit-I Robotics
This document provides an overview of robot fundamentals, including definitions, classifications, specifications, anatomy, and applications. It defines a robot as a reprogrammable mechanical device that performs tasks controlled by a human or automated system. Robots are classified based on their mechanical arm, degrees of freedom, power source, control system, sensors, movement, industry application and more. The document also describes common robot coordinate systems, joints, motions, and specifications for different robot configurations including Cartesian, cylindrical, polar, SCARA and more. It provides examples of various robot applications in industries.
Planning
The document discusses various aspects of planning including defining goals and strategies, types of plans such as strategic and operational, and the planning process. It also covers management by objectives (MBO) which involves employees and managers jointly determining goals and reviewing progress. Additional topics include objectives and their characteristics, contingency factors in planning like environmental uncertainty, and decision making under different conditions.
Overview of management
This document provides an overview of principles of management. It discusses key concepts such as organizations, goals, and the role of management. It also examines the four functions of management: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Additionally, it covers topics like management levels, managerial skills and responsibilities, and historical perspectives on the evolution of management thought, including scientific management and administrative management.
Cast iron
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Beams
- 1. Beams Beam is a structural member which is supported along the length and subjected to external forces or loads acting transversely i.e., perpendicular to the centre line. Beam is sufficiently long when compared to the lateral dimensions.
- 2. Types of Beams Cantilever beam Simply supported beam Overhanging beam Fixed beam Continuous beam
- 3. Cantilever beam A beam with one end free and the other end fixed is called cantilever beam.
- 4. Simply supported beam A beam supported or resting freely on the supports at its both ends is called SSB.
- 5. Overhanging beam If the one or both the end portions are extended beyond the support, then it is called overhanging beam.
- 6. Fixed beam A beam whose both ends are fixed or built into the walls, is called a fixed beam.
- 7. Continuous beam A beam which has more than two supports is called continuous beam.
- 8. Transverse loading on beams A load which is acting vertically downward on the horizontal beam is called transverse load. Types of transverse load Point load (or) concentrated load Uniformly distributed load (UDL) Uniformly varying load (UVL)
- 9. Point load (or) concentrated load A load which is acting at a particular point is called point load
- 10. Uniformly distributed load (UDL) A load which is spared over a beam in such a manner that the rate of loading is uniform throughout the length.
- 11. Uniformly varying load (UVL) A load which is spared over a beam in such a manner that the rate of loading uniformly varies from point to point along the beam. The load is zero at one end and increases uniformly to the other end. It is also known as triangular load.
- 12. Derivation of stiffness matrix for beam element.(Fourth order beam equations)