BCS Final NMO 2019

1. Education is very important factor in the economic development of any country. India since the early
days of independence has always focused on improving the literacy rate in the country, through
continuous development of knowledge and wisdom in the educational institutions like – gurukuls,
schools and universities. But currently, the condition of a large quarter of Indian population is pitiable as
a large part is deprived of even primary education, leave apart the professional education. Out of 189
countries, the position of India is 130 as far as educational development index is concerned
A. ELEMENTARY EDUCATION:
Elementary education refers to the formal education following pre-school but before high school. In
India, elementary schools provide education from class1 to class8.
Percentage of students enrolled in class-1 and reached to class-Vth standard is 77 in the developing
countries but in India it is only 60.
Number of schools – 1.29 million
Population in the age group- 193 Million

2. Main issues arising in elementary education:
 INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRAINT
 LACK OF AWARENESS-
 FINANCIAL CONSTRAINT
 POOR EXPERTISE
SOLUTION TO THE ABOVE ISSUES:
I. GOVERNMENT LEVEL:
Regarding elementary education, government can ensure greater percentage of educated children by
various means like:
 Providing free education- people in rural areas specially, do not consider education as an
investment but as an expense, so it is important to make them realize the value of education.
For this motive, government can organize boot camps and meetings for the parents there and
convince them to send their children to schools. For the population who do not get conceived,
or are not financially sufficient, government can provide free education to their children.
 Establishing new schools- sighting the vast population in this age group, there is a dearth of
appropriate school buildings to accommodate this population. Since education in private schools
is expensive and is not cost-friendly to a large section, the government should establish more
schools in various areas to solve the problem to a great extent.
 Various schemes- schemes like Mid Day meal scheme, free uniforms and scholarship can be
successful in bringing more students to schools. Also, government scholarships are increasing
the interest of lot of poor students for studies.
 Proper use of funds- Government should look into the matter that the fund which is generated
for the study of the children is properly used. The fund should reach the rural and remote areas
where the students really need it. The Government should also assure that the fund is used for
the proper reasons related to study only.
II. INSTITUTIONAL LEVEL:
Schools and institutions can contribute in increasing students in elementary school students by following
means:

3.  Hire qualified and trained faculty or train them- the most vital need of an institution is to hire
‘right type of people in the right number at the right time’. Especially when it comes to
educational institutions, it is important to hire qualified teachers to teach the students as; these
individuals are molding the future of the country. It is also very important to send the faculty for
regular training and conferences so that they too are continuously developing and learning and
hence can impart knowledge to children in better ways.
 Teach in creative ways and relating to real world- board syllabus education should be
integrated with real life incidents and then taught to the children so that they develop interest
in the learning. Also, teaching in this manner will definitely be able to hold a child’s mind for a
longer period and thee are lesser chances of the child forgetting the topics learnt if they are
integrated with real world experiences.
 Reward and appreciation- appreciation and rewards are welcome to all. If a child is appreciated
and rewarded for a work, there is a greater probability of the child doing the work with greater
efficiency and speed. This can be an effective way to lure the younger lot to attending school,
studying and learning well and quick.
 Scholarships and various schemes- schools can give scholarships to students coming from
financially unstable families but having a hunger to study and learn. Giving scholarships to
students ensures their continuous studies.
 Pay attention to student’s physical and psychological health- besides providing academic
knowledge, schools should also pay attention to student’s physical development. As the saying
goes “healthy mind stays in healthy body”, therefore, the schools should take care to include
extra-curricular activities like sports, public speaking etc for the all-round development of the
children.
III. GUARDIAN LEVEL- Some parents, especially in the rural area consider elementary education
unnecessary as they themselves lack in it. They feel putting their children into labor ensure a sure shot
living for them while education is just a benefit to be enjoyed by the wealthy people. Educating the
parents prior to educating the children is thus vital to convince the rural population of allowing their
children elementary education. The problem mostly persists in the case of girls.
B. SECONDARY EDUCATION
In India, standards IX and X are called secondary school, usually students from ages 14 to 17 study in this
section. These schools may be affiliated to national boards (like CBSE, ISC and NIOS) or various state

4. boards. According to a survey done by ‘The Hindu’ , of an initial enrollment of 100 students, on an
average, only 70 finish school in India.
Number of schools - 1.33 million
Population in the age group – 120 million
The issues in this level of education involve:
 Poor infrastructure
 Lack of teachers/ poor expertise
 Low budget (the main reason)
 Low motivation/ determination of aim among the students
Solutions to the above issues that can be provided on three tier level are:
I. Government level:
 Build more schools- there is a low “access index” in this education level, as there are not
enough school buildings for the population in this age bracket. Thus, the government should
build more schools so that more children can enroll themselves in the institutions. Also, the
schools should have appropriate facility of drinking water, separate washroom for girls and boys
and proper seating and teaching arrangement.
 Various schemes- schemes like Mid Day meal scheme, free uniforms and scholarship can be
successful in bringing more students to schools. Also, government scholarships are increasing
the interest of lot of poor students in studies.
 Proper use of funds- Government should look into the matter that the fund which is generated
for the study of the children is properly used. The fund should reach the rural and remote areas
where the students really need it. The Government should also assure that the fund is used for
the proper reasons related to study only. The government schools fail in meeting the required
education standards due to improper use of funds, hence funds should be allocated in the
necessary places for the development of schools and children.
II. Institutional level:
 Hire qualified and trained faculty or train them- the most vital need of an institution is to hire
‘right type of people in the right number at the right time’. Especially when it comes to
educational institutions, it is important to hire qualified teachers to teach the students as; these
individuals are molding the future of the country. It is also very important to send the faculty for

5. regular training and conferences so that they too are continuously developing and learning and
hence can impart knowledge to children in better ways.
 Scholarships and various schemes- schools can give scholarships to students coming from
financially unstable families but having a desire to study and learn. Giving scholarships to
students ensures their continuous studies.
 Career counseling methodology for students according to their skills and interest-
Children in this age group are generally confused/uncertain and vulnerable in the face of career.
Normally, they find it difficult to separate hobbies, passion and career matters and may end up
taking wrong streams which will hamper their academics records. Therefore, it is important for
the institutions to help their students in making career choices.
 Parent-School Interaction model- students studying in this level, generally tend to be
hormonal driven owing to their age group. It is advisable for the schools and the parents to keep
in touch with each other, as both these bodies are very instrumental in shaping the career of the
children. The education institutions should regularly organize parent-teacher meetings for
discussing and consulting with the parents and knowing more about the children.
 All-round development of the students- in order to bring about the overall development of
a child, it is important that he/she is vested in diverse fields like sports, public speaking, debate
etc so as to ensure both physical and psychological development of the child.
 Maintaining attendance of the students- schools are also responsible for maintaining
attendance of the students. For this purpose, schools can give attendance awards to students
who maintain the prescribed attendance percentage. Also, if the teaching quality and
infrastructure of the schools are good, probability of students attending their classes increases.
III. Guardian level – guardian should maintain a friendly relation with their children, understand their
point of view, help them select their stream of higher education and most important not keep any bias
or build any superlative dreams for their children. It is found that, majority of the students who suicide,
do so because they are unable t perform as per their parents expectation or when they are forced into
some stream which they are not interested in pursuing. Thus, it is important for the parents to
understand their child and help him/her in studying, and pursuing their dreams. If the parents support
and believe in their children, it increases the strength of children in growing against all negativity and
will definitely increase the gross enrollment ratio at this level.
C. Higher Education
Often delivered at universities, academies, colleges, seminaries, conservatories, and institutes
of technology, higher education is also available through certain college-level institutions,

6. including vocational schools, trade schools, and other career colleges that award academic
degrees or professional certifications.
700 degree granting institutions, 35500 affiliated colleges
Population in the age group- 89,764,132
Issues lingering in this level involve:
 Politics in education system
 Lack of definite aim
 Institutions having money motive
 Improper basic education
Ways in which the three main bodies can resolve the above issues include:
I. Government level:
 Building ‘well-equipped’ universities- the government should build new universities
and ensure that they are well equipped with all the requirements as per the courses
taught in the college. Eg: having computer labs, science labs, library, etc. Also, the
universities should be built such that there are colleges that allow a student to pursue
whatever course he/she wants.
 Providing scholarships- the government should organize scholarship tests for students
who want to pursue their higher studies but because of their financial background are
unable to.
 Controlling the allotment of ‘QUOTAS’ in colleges- the main cause behind the low
higher education stats in India is the existence of quotas. In an attempt to be fair with the
minorities and ensuring their development along with the majorities, the government has
turned out to be unfair with the larger population. Due to quotas being given to the
minorities, less capable candidates are getting into good colleges and greatly capable
candidates end up without a higher education certificate.
 Work towards students equality- in an order to make the minorities and majorities
equal, the government gave various benefits and fees waivers to the minorities, but
somewhere this is making the ‘rich grow richer and poor grow poorer’. Students having
poor scores but good financial background get high discounts in form-filling and fees,
whereas students coming from poor family but having excellent academics are unable to
pay the prescribed amount and are forced to remain without higher education. This is an
important point where the government has to work in order to increase the gross
enrollment ratio in this level.
II. Institutional level:

7.  Giving student pocket friendly schemes- the institutions should provide some kind of
scholarships to their prospective candidates so as to encourage them in their decision to
go for higher studies.
 Teaching syllabus integrated with practical knowledge- age of students in this level
of education is of adults, and they don’t prefer getting bookish knowledge but are open
to learning. Hence, the knowledge imparted to them should be laced with real life
problems and solutions to create interest in studies.
 Providing good placements (better ROI)- when students go for higher education, they
expect getting a good salary placement or job thereafter. It is important or an institution
to maintain a good ROI, as this is an important point in grabbing the attention of the
students. Giving good ROI can also curb the number of students going abroad for higher
education.
 Providing study loans- for pursuing higher education, students usually prefer taking
study loans. Thus, institutions should try to make the procedure easier for the students
who decide to take this step, by either collaborating with some bank or allowing
installment payment.
III. Guardian level:
Guardian is the main support behind a child’s education. In higher level education also, children
require parent’s consent and support- both financially and emotionally to pursue their dreams.
On summarizing the points of the three tier mechanism, few of the most
important points from the above explained SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE
OVERALL EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN INDIA can be pinned down as:
 Improvement model for the teaching staff Quality to be formulated by the schools and
colleges as per the course requirement.
 Career counseling methodology for students according to their skills and interest.
 Implementing parent-School Interaction model.
 Improve Number of students attending schools on regular basis.
 Integration of Vocational and skill development courses.
 Government’s financial model to support above activities and ensure optimum assignment
of resources to cultivate maximum output.
 A monitoring body consisting of efficient and reliable individuals should be established to
look into the investments made by the government so as to ensure that the fund maintained
for the expansion and development education is properly utilized in the education sector
only.

8. ……….To be continued in the next pdf- “REPORT 2”.