Cement and admixtures and laboratory tests for cement, initial and final setting time, soundness test, compressive test, tests on concrete, types of admixtures
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) is a binder course used for roads with more number of heavy commercial vehicles and a close-graded premix material having a voids content of 5-10 per cent.
Cement and admixtures and laboratory tests for cement, initial and final setting time, soundness test, compressive test, tests on concrete, types of admixtures
Here, I attach a PowerPoint presentation created by me for a competition held by UltraTech. Have a look at this and feel free to share your views with me.
Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) is a binder course used for roads with more number of heavy commercial vehicles and a close-graded premix material having a voids content of 5-10 per cent.
DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST OF CONCRETEKaran Patel
The standard method of evaluating the quality of concrete in buildings or structures is to test specimens cast simultaneously for compressive, flexural and tensile strengths.
The main disadvantages are that results are not obtained immediately; that concrete in specimens may differ from that in the actual structure as a result of different curing and compaction conditions; and that strength properties of a concrete specimen depend on its size and shape.
Although there can be no direct measurement of the strength properties of structural concrete for the simple reason that strength determination involves destructive stresses, several non- destructive methods of assessment have been developed.
MEANING OF MIX DESIGN
GRADE OF CONCRETE.
FACTORS INFLUCING THE CHOICE OF MIX DESIGN.
MATHODS OF CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
MIX DESIGN BY INDIAN STANDARD METHOD.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is considered as a concrete which can be placed and compacted under its own weight with no vibration.
It is not affected by the skills of workers, the shape and amount of reinforcing bars or the arrangement of a structure.
Due to its high-fluidity and resistance to segregation, it can be pumped longer distances.
It consists of the same components as conventionally vibrated concrete, which is cement, aggregates, and water, with the addition of chemical and mineral admixtures in different proportions.
Usually, the chemical admixtures used are superplasticizers and viscosity-modifying agents.
SCC is especially useful in confined zones where vibrating compaction is difficult.
Workability of concrete is defined as the ease and homogeneity with which a freshly mixed concrete or mortar can be mixed, placed, compacted and finished. Strictly, it is the amount of useful internal work necessary to produce 100% compaction.
Concrete
The word concrete comes from the Latin word "concretus". Which means compact.Now a days concrete is most common and necessary things in our life.
The history of cementing materials together goes back to the time when prehistoric man prepare his cave to build shelter.
He used mud and clay to fill the gap between stone. To keep out the wind and cold.
Later the Assyrians and Babylonians used clay as their bonding substance and straw to make a shape.
The Egyptians used lime and gypsum and crushed stone to create a material that would harden even better.
DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST OF CONCRETEKaran Patel
The standard method of evaluating the quality of concrete in buildings or structures is to test specimens cast simultaneously for compressive, flexural and tensile strengths.
The main disadvantages are that results are not obtained immediately; that concrete in specimens may differ from that in the actual structure as a result of different curing and compaction conditions; and that strength properties of a concrete specimen depend on its size and shape.
Although there can be no direct measurement of the strength properties of structural concrete for the simple reason that strength determination involves destructive stresses, several non- destructive methods of assessment have been developed.
MEANING OF MIX DESIGN
GRADE OF CONCRETE.
FACTORS INFLUCING THE CHOICE OF MIX DESIGN.
MATHODS OF CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
MIX DESIGN BY INDIAN STANDARD METHOD.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is considered as a concrete which can be placed and compacted under its own weight with no vibration.
It is not affected by the skills of workers, the shape and amount of reinforcing bars or the arrangement of a structure.
Due to its high-fluidity and resistance to segregation, it can be pumped longer distances.
It consists of the same components as conventionally vibrated concrete, which is cement, aggregates, and water, with the addition of chemical and mineral admixtures in different proportions.
Usually, the chemical admixtures used are superplasticizers and viscosity-modifying agents.
SCC is especially useful in confined zones where vibrating compaction is difficult.
Workability of concrete is defined as the ease and homogeneity with which a freshly mixed concrete or mortar can be mixed, placed, compacted and finished. Strictly, it is the amount of useful internal work necessary to produce 100% compaction.
Concrete
The word concrete comes from the Latin word "concretus". Which means compact.Now a days concrete is most common and necessary things in our life.
The history of cementing materials together goes back to the time when prehistoric man prepare his cave to build shelter.
He used mud and clay to fill the gap between stone. To keep out the wind and cold.
Later the Assyrians and Babylonians used clay as their bonding substance and straw to make a shape.
The Egyptians used lime and gypsum and crushed stone to create a material that would harden even better.
Concrete -
The most used construction material.
In here a brief about its -
Ingredients
Grades
Production &
Properties
are discussed with appropriate pictorial presentation making it quite simpler for understanding.
B-Tech Construction Material Presentaion.pptmosesnhidza
Concrete is a mixture of cement, aggregates and water, with any other admixtures which may be added to modify the placing and curing processes or the ultimate physical properties.
Ready-mix concrete (RMC) is a ready-to-use material, with predetermined mixture of Cement, sand, aggregates and water.
“Ready mix concrete is concrete whose components are proportioned away from the construction site for delivery to the construction site by the truck in a ready-to-use-condition.”
Concrete Batching Plants are used for manufacturing high-quality concrete in a variety of construction applications, like buildings, roads, bridges, airports, and many others, and integrates materials storing, weighing, and mixing processes.
It is a machine that combines various ingredients like aggregates, sand, water, cement, and additives. These components are first weighed individually and then combined to prepared ready-mix concrete
Similar to batching plant and hot mix plant presentation (20)
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
2. BATCHING PLANT
A CONCRETE PLANT IS ALSO KNOWN AS BETCHING PLANT.IT IS A
DEVICE WHICH COMBINES VARIOUS INGRIDIENTS TO FORM
CONCRETE.
SOME OIF THESE INPUTS INCLUDE:-
1. SAND
2. Water
3. Aggregate(rocks , gravel)
4. Fly ash
5. Admixtures
6. Cement
3. AGGRIGATES
Aggregates forms the
skeleton matrix 60-75%
by volume.
25-40% Paste
1-2% Voids.
Cement-sand
Mortar
Aggregate
Aggregate shall be inert and strong.
4. CEMENT
4
– Most commonly used cement is called Portland Cement
discovered in 1824 in England, when it mixed with water,
it gets hardens, hence become hydraulic cement .
Basic raw materials used in the manufacture of
cement are calcium carbonate found in lime Stone
or chalk, and silica, alumina and iron- oxide found in
clay or shale.
5. ADMIXTURES
Chemical Admixture:- Used for specific
Property/performance enhancement.
Mineral Admixture:- Used for improvement of
long term strength and durability performance.
Using above admixtures together, high Strength and
high performance concrete Materials can be designed.
8. What is CONCRETE?
– Ordinarily concrete
is made by mixing an
inorganic material
known as cement
with water together
with natural sand or
stone dusts and
natural stones which
may be uncrushed or
crushed.
Cement
Sand/
Fine Aggregate
Stone /
Coarse Agg.
9. CONCRETE &COMPOSITES
Normal strength Concrete.
High strength/performance concrete.
Ultra high strength concrete.
Fiber Reinforced Concrete.
Densified with small particle (DSP).
Macro Defect Free (MDF) Matrix.
Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC).
Polymer Concrete (PC).
Polymer cement concrete.
10. PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE
1. Normal strength concrete: 60MPa.
2. High strength concrete: 60 f C 120MPa.
3. Ultra High strength concrete: 120MPa.
4. Performance at fresh state:- Self Compacting
5. Long term durability performance.
Concrete is a versatile construction material.
11. DESIGNATION OF NORMAL STRENGTH
CONCRETE
-Concrete is designated through 28 day
Standard cube compressive strength.
- In Indian Standard Code of practice
(IS456) a concrete is designated by its
characteristic cube compressive strength
at 28 days, the cube being cast, cured and
tested in a standard manner.
Concrete is designated as M25 has a 28 day
Characteristic standard cube strength of 25 Mpa.
12. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF CONCRETE
Lower life cycle cost.
Mould – ability.
Robustness.
Can be designed for desired property
Low tensile strength.
Lower ductility (brittle).
Concrete is most popular construction
material.
13. BATCHING
– Batching is the process of
measurement of specified quantities
of cement, aggregates, water and
admixture, i.e., ingredients of concrete
in correct proportion.
Batching plant:- A CONCRETE PLANT IS
ALSO KNOWN AS BETCHING PLANT.IT IS A DEVICE
WHICH COMBINES VARIOUS INGRIDIENTS TO FORM
CONCRETE.
14. TYPES OF BATCHING PLANT
READY MIX PLANT.
CENTERAL MIX PLANT.
Ready mix plant (RMC):-
1. A ready mix plant combines all ingredients except for water at the
concrete plant. This mixture is then discharge into a ready mix truck.
2. water is then added to the mix in the truck . And mix during
transport to the job site.
15. Central mix plant
1. It combines all the ingredients + water at a
location.
2. The final product is transported to the job site.
3. CMP is different from RMC as it gives much more
consistent product, since all the ingredient mixing
is done at the central location and is computer
assisted to ensure the uniformity of product.
16. BATCHING PLANT
components
Components of a Batching Plant
- A) Aggregate bins for various types of
aggregates.
- B) Feeding mechanisms such as
scrappers, conveyors or hoists etc. to
transfer aggregate to scales (balances).
- C) Balance and measuring system.
17. BATCHING PLANT
components
Components of a Batching Plant
-D) Cement silos and a conveyor screw or
bucket conveyor .
-E) The storage tank for water and water
measuring system .
-F) Dispenser for chemical (liquid)
admixture.
18. BATCHING PROCESS
– Batching by mass (weights) as
reproducibility of loose volume is
inadequate and is not economical .
– Control and storage of materials
Aggregate bins for storing aggregate. Silos
for storing cement and cementitious
materials
19. BATCHING process
– Plant Type can be cyclic or continuous.
– Plant Type can be automatic or manual.
– Accuracy.
Recommendation of IS 456 is 2% for the
quantity of cement measured and 3% for
the quantity of aggregate, water and
admixture being measured.
22. MIXING
– Thorough mixing is essential for production of
uniform quality concrete.
– Equipment and method should be capable of
effectively mixing concrete material containing
largest specified aggregate to produce uniform
mixtures of the lowest slump practical for the
work.
23. MIXING
– cyclic or batch mixers, and continuous
mixers.
– gravity mixers or mixers with forced
movements.
– Counter-flow mixer or open–pan
mixers
24. MIXING
– uniformity tests on samples of fresh concrete collected
from the mixer at different stages of its discharge from a
given batch.
– Mixing Time: 1minute is required for 0.75 m3 capacity
mixer and 0.25 minute is required for each additional 0.75
m3 capacity.
25. Mixers
The centre of the concrete batching plant is known as
mixer.
There are three type of mixer:-
1.Tilting drum mixer.
2.Pan mixer.
3.Twin shaft mixer.
26. Tilting drum mixer:- They are fast and efficient , but
can be maintenance- intensive since they include several moving
parts that are subjected to a heavy load.
Pan mixer:- pan mixer are generally lower capacity mixers . They
are used at precast concrete plant.
Twin shaft mixer:-
1.it can ensure an even mixture of concrete and large output with high
quality.
2. it consist a mixer ,with counter rotating shafts, delivers fast mixing
action and rapid discharge.
30. MIXING TIME
–increasing mixing time may result in more uniform
distribution of hydration product resulting in higher
compressive strength
–prolonging the mixing process too long may not
increase the strength proportionally and may result in
a decrease in some cases.
–over grinding of the material and in some cases
may increase the proportion of fines. Quite often
excessive mixing leads to segregation in case of
leaner concretes.
31. SUMMARY
Concrete production process.
Batching process and its importance in producing
quality concrete.
Mixing process for producing uniform quality
concrete.
32. “Hot mix” plant
Asphaltic concrete is a mixture of asphalt ,
coarse aggregates , fine aggregates & filler
material . After mixing we are heating them up
to final product called “Hot Mix”.
There are two types of hot mix plant:
Batch type plant
Drum(continuous)type plant
33. Batch mix plant
Asphalt Batch mix plants: These plants produce hot mix
asphalt in a series of batches.
1.Cold aggregate four - bin feeder.
2.Cold conveyor.
3.Aggregate dryer.
4.Mixing chamber.
5.Asphalt tank.
6.Mineral filler unit.
7.Load out conveyor.
8.Centralized control panel.
34. Drum type plant
Drum mix asphalt plant:- These plants produce hot mix asphalt in a
continuous process. These are usually drum mix plants and counter flow
plants.
Usually drum type plant is smaller than asphalt batch plant.
It require less space, less energy , less energy and less efforts to run.
The components are also less in the drum asphalt plant which make
them easy to transport.