This great work done by M. Wajid Manzoor, student of PU Lahore, will help you to understand basics of Basin Margins, its formation mechanism, and most important thing that is Sedimentary Basins of Pakistan.
The name ophiolite derived from Greek root which means
Ophio : snake or serpent Litho : Stone
The green colour, structure and texture of sheared ultramafic rocks is similar to some serpents
Economically :
Massive Sulphide
It founded within pillow lava most of massive Sulphide associated in ophiolites have well developed Gossans (bright colored iron oxide, hydroxides, and sulfides) which is very rich in gold.
Chromite
Stratiform (be tabular or pencil shape) or podiform (irregular shape) within ultra-mafic rocks
These deposits are developed on serpentinite peridotite
Laterites (nickel and iron)
Asbestos
Talc
Magenesite
ophiolite sequence :
Sediments
Pillow Lavas
Dykes
Gabbros
Layered Gabbro
Layered Peridotite
Upper mantle
STUDY OF IMPORTANT METAMORPHIC ROCKS.pdfRITISHASINGH7
Study of important metamorphic rocks-
Petrological Characteristics, Indian Stratigraphic Position, Locality, Economic Importance and Facts about -
Granulite, Charnockite,
Eclogite, migmatites, Khondalite, Gondites.
The name ophiolite derived from Greek root which means
Ophio : snake or serpent Litho : Stone
The green colour, structure and texture of sheared ultramafic rocks is similar to some serpents
Economically :
Massive Sulphide
It founded within pillow lava most of massive Sulphide associated in ophiolites have well developed Gossans (bright colored iron oxide, hydroxides, and sulfides) which is very rich in gold.
Chromite
Stratiform (be tabular or pencil shape) or podiform (irregular shape) within ultra-mafic rocks
These deposits are developed on serpentinite peridotite
Laterites (nickel and iron)
Asbestos
Talc
Magenesite
ophiolite sequence :
Sediments
Pillow Lavas
Dykes
Gabbros
Layered Gabbro
Layered Peridotite
Upper mantle
STUDY OF IMPORTANT METAMORPHIC ROCKS.pdfRITISHASINGH7
Study of important metamorphic rocks-
Petrological Characteristics, Indian Stratigraphic Position, Locality, Economic Importance and Facts about -
Granulite, Charnockite,
Eclogite, migmatites, Khondalite, Gondites.
Sedimentary basins are the depressions in the earth's crust where loose particles accumulate and finally lithified to form sedimentary rocks. Basins are particularly attractive to geoscientists from time immemorial due to the wealth hidden here in the form of oil, gas, coal etc. In this document you will find the types of basins, basin-fill types, methods of basin analysis and so on.
Boundary problems between :-
Precambrian/Cambrian
Permian/Triassic
Cretaceous/Tertiary
Neogene/Quaternary
Stratigraphic boundaries are determined by one or more of geological events such as volcanic activity, sedimentation, tectonism, paleo-environments & evolution of life.
Faunal records have played major role in determining the boundaries of the Phanerozoic units.
The other geological events are dated on the evidence of fossil records.
This is my presentation on the tectonic control of sediments.
It includes the effects of tectonics either direct or indirect on sediments and sedimentation.
Sedimentation along various plate boundaries.
Few examples as evidence from Pakistan (the Siwalik Group) and Argentina (Fiambala Basin)
Sedimentary basins are the depressions in the earth's crust where loose particles accumulate and finally lithified to form sedimentary rocks. Basins are particularly attractive to geoscientists from time immemorial due to the wealth hidden here in the form of oil, gas, coal etc. In this document you will find the types of basins, basin-fill types, methods of basin analysis and so on.
Boundary problems between :-
Precambrian/Cambrian
Permian/Triassic
Cretaceous/Tertiary
Neogene/Quaternary
Stratigraphic boundaries are determined by one or more of geological events such as volcanic activity, sedimentation, tectonism, paleo-environments & evolution of life.
Faunal records have played major role in determining the boundaries of the Phanerozoic units.
The other geological events are dated on the evidence of fossil records.
This is my presentation on the tectonic control of sediments.
It includes the effects of tectonics either direct or indirect on sediments and sedimentation.
Sedimentation along various plate boundaries.
Few examples as evidence from Pakistan (the Siwalik Group) and Argentina (Fiambala Basin)
Advanced petrology ( tectonic and sedimentation).pptx
How the sedimentation where taken and the kind of transportation process is going on? The role of plate tectonic settings in sedimentation.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Prevalence, biochemical and hematological study of diabetic patients
Basin margins and its formation mechanism.
1.
2. Presented to:
Dr. Kamran Mirza
Presented by:
M. Wajid Manzoor
Roll No: 09
Institute of Geology
Uuniversity of the Punjab Lahore
3. Contents
Introduction
Mechanism of basin formation
Basin classification
Basin margin
Sedimentary basins in Pakistan
Distribution of sedimentary basin types in the world
Basin and sequence stratigraphy
References
4. INTRODUCTION
Sedimentary basins are regions of the earth of
long term subsidence creating accommodation
space for infilling by sediments
It is also defined as, “ A low lying area/depression
where sediments can be deposit is called
sedimentary basin.”
5. Basin is formed by crustal subsidence relative to surrounding areas
or some time surrounded area may be uplifted
Basin have different shapes and sizes & formed by different
mechanisms
6. Mechanisms of Basin Formation
Major mechanisms for regional subsidence/uplift:
o Isostatic – changes in crustal or lithospheric thickness
o Loading – by thrust sheets, volcanic piles,
o Dynamic effects – asthenospheric flow, mantle convection, plumes
7. Basin Classification
Basin-generating tectonics is most important for the accumulation
of sediments. Such a basin classification must be in accordance with
the modern concept of global plate tectonics and hence will differ
from older classifications and terminology.
• Sedimentary basins associated with plate tectonic activity.
8. Types of plate boundaries
There are three types of plate boundaries, characterized by the way the plates
move relative to each other.
o Divergent boundaries
• two plates slide apart from each other.
• Mid Oceanic ridges
o Convergent Boundaries
• two plates slide towards each other
• Subduction
• Orogenic Belt
10. Basin margin concept
The response of the depositional systems to this fall in relative sea
level depends on the nature of the basin margins.
o Shelf-break margins
o Ramp margins
o Rift margins
o Foreland basin margins
o Growth –fault margins
11. Shelf break margin
Shelf break margin are those with
well developed depositional
cllinoforms
Shelf break margin are typical of
passive continental margins at
times of slow rise of relative sea
level, when the deltaic system can
easily prograde to the shelf edge.
12. Ramp margin
Ramp margins are characterized by
relatively shallow water depths, where
storms and current processes can
operate much of the area of deposition.
Depositional angles are less than 1°.
The response of depositional systems in
a ramp setting to the relative sea-level
change is therefore different from the
shelf-break margins.
13. Rift margins
Rift margins characterize basins
undergoing active crustal extension.
These margins are characterized by
high topographic relief.
Subsidence rates generally increase
from the margins to the center of the
rift, although each individual fault
block will have its own pattern of
accommodation.
14. Foreland Basin Margins
A foreland basin is a structural basin that develops adjacent and
parallel to a mountain belt.
The rate of tectonic subsidence increases towards the foreland
thrust belt.
Sediment accommodation may be relatively high in proximal area
compared with the basin center.
15.
16. Growth fault margin
Growth fault margins are characterized by
gravity driven syn-sedimentary extensional
faults.
The rate of subsidence is considerably greater
on the hanging wall side of the growth fault,
resulting in an expanded sedimentary
succession.
18. Forearc Basin
The area between the accretionary wedge and the magmatic arc, largely
caused by the negative buoyancy of the subducting plate pulling down
on the overlying continental crust
tens of kilometers to over one hundred kilometers wide &up to
thousands of kilometers long; commonly arcuate.
Nonmarine siliciclastic fluvial to deltaic deposits
19.
20. Backarc or interarc Basin
Backarc or interarc basins form by rifling and ocean spreading
either landward of an island arc, or between two island arcs which
originate from the splitting apart of an older arc system
The evolution of these basins resembles that of normal ocean
basins between divergent plate motions.
Their sedimentary fill frequently reflects magmatic activity in
the arc region.
21. Sedimentary basins in Pakistan
There are two major basins in Pakistan
o Indus Basin
o Balochistan Basin
There are some minor basins namely;
o Kirthar fold-belt basin
o Pishin fold-belt basin
o Sulaiman fold-belt basin
o Makran fold-belt basin
o Offshore Indus basin
24. Basins and Sequence Stratigraphy
Patterns, rates of subsidence and sediment supply can be strongly
influenced by tectonic processes that are responsible for forming
some basins
Temporal and spatial changes in these factors can significantly
affect sequence development in those basins
Towards shelf margin – rate of subsidence is always greater than
rate of eustatic fall
No fall of relative sea level
25. Further landward – rate of subsidence is less than rate of eustatic
fall
Fall of relative sea level possible
Area covered by each zone will change with time, basin to basin
When a discrete shelf margin is present, shelf margin sediments
may be thick even in the absence of rapid thermal/tectonic
subsidence
26. References
Basin Analysis By Philp A. Allen & Jhon A. Allen 2nd edition
Internet ( Wikipedia )
Sequence stratigraphy by D.Emery and K.J.Myers
Sedimentology and stratigraphy by Sam Boggs 4th edition
Sedimentology and Stratigraphy by Wiley-Blackwell.Gary Nichols
2nd edition